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	Fixed action pattern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In ethology, a fixed action pattern (FAP) is a complex behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion.
		FAPs are invariant and are produced by the innate releasing mechanism that responds to a external sensory stimulus (sign stimulus).
		Fixed action pattern is used in biology to classify ethology
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fixed_action_pattern (161 words)

	Is modifiable behaviour in bacteria evidence of learning?
		Fixed action patterns may, of course, be accompanied by mental states in an organism.
		The distinction drawn between fixed and flexible patterns of behaviour might suggest that we can divide the world into mindless individuals whose action patterns are utterly rigid, and individuals that are able to behave in a flexible manner, making them candidates for having minds.
		Fixed action patterns, then, should not be seen as a "primitive" feature, but simply as a hallmark of organisms.
	www.angelfire.com /linux/vjtorley/modifiable.html (1244 words)

	Ethological studies of sign stimuli and motivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Behaviour is not as fixed as implied by the term Fixed Action Pattern.
		Action specific energy (motivational energy) accumulates in a reservoir until released by an appropriate sign stimulus, represented by weights on a scale pan, or until the pressure on the valve causes an action pattern to occur spontaneously (vacuum activity).
		for each pattern of male courtship behaviour, the size of the female needed to elicit the pattern was less the greater the readiness of the male to court.
	salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk /year1/ETHEXPT.HTM (5898 words)

	Instinct Summary
		A fixed action pattern describes a series of actions that is initially triggered by a stimulus, and then carried out to completion.
		When a female rat is sexually receptive, rubbing of her hindquarters (the releaser) results in a stereotypical posture known as lordosis, in which the front legs are flexed, lowering the torso, while the rump is raised and the tail is moved to one side (a fixed action pattern).
		Thus, the wide variety of behavioral patterns observed in living organisms surely represents a continuum, from those not much influenced by learning to those that are greatly influenced by it; a strict "nature versus nurture" dichotomy is probably too simplistic to describe any animal behavior.
	www.bookrags.com /Instinct (3663 words)

	Animal Behavior
		Fixed action patterns do not require learning or prior experience for their expression.
		Fixed action patterns cannot be identified solely because they are highly stereotypic and species-specific.
		Also a fixed action pattern may not be displayed because the animal is not in the appropriate physiological or developmental state.
	asci.uvm.edu /course/asci001/behavior.html (2030 words)

	Does having an action selection mechanism qualify as agency?
		If they follow fixed action patterns when pursuing prey and mating, then the ascription of mental states is redundant.
		Action slection is an essential epistemic condition for the identification of mental states: an observer could never identify an organism as having a mind unless it possessed a repertoire of actions, combined with the ability to select the most appropriate one for the present circumstances.
		1) acknowledges that action selection is part of a wider problem faced by all living creatures: behavioural integration, or the task of co-ordinating the activities of their parts and sub-systems.
	www.angelfire.com /linux/vjtorley/actionselection.html (2172 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyper-dopaminergic ...
		For example, Marsden proposed that "The sequencing of motor action and the sequencing of thought could be a uniform function carried out by the basal ganglia" [15], and a variety of computational models have been proposed to carry out the general sequencing functions of basal ganglia [16-19].
		In particular, a complex fixed action pattern displayed spontaneously by rodents during grooming behavior, called a syntactic grooming chain, has been exploited by neuroethological studies that point to basal ganglia systems as the controlling neural mechanisms for the stereotypy of complex sequential patterns [27,28,36].
		As is typical of fixed action patterns, no two syntactic chains may be absolutely identical, but they are highly similar, stereotyped, and easily recognized, and always follow the same serial patterning rule [39,40].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/3/4 (7808 words)

	Question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Is the response of the animals to a birth a fixed action pattern or not?
		The 3 characteristics of a fixed action pattern are 1) the FAP is triggered by a stimulus, 2) once begun, the FAP will continue until completed, and 3) the FAP is stereotyped, meaning that all individuals perform essentially the same action each time.
		Since it only has one of the three characteristics, the chimpanzees’ response to the birth is not a fixed action pattern.
	www.bio.unc.edu /courses/2003fall/biol073/SampleExam1Key.htm (1039 words)

	Lecture 1 notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In the article by George Barlow, "Ethological units of behavior", the whole concept of fixed action patterns and innate releasing mechanisms is examined in detail.
		A fixed action pattern has a causal factor that is different from other fixed action patterns.
		Some fixed action patterns may be an otherwise mundane behavior that is performed in a different orientation.
	www.nervana.montana.edu /courses/bio480/netholec1.html (1766 words)

	Provine, Contagious yawning
		Suggests that the neonate's presumed ability to imitate the facial expressions or gestures of adult models may be the result of ethological fixed-action patterns released by sign stimuli.
		Contagious yawning (CY) of adults is a precedent for such a facial fixed-action pattern (i.e., a yawn) triggered by a facial stimulus (i.e., an observed yawn).
		The yawn-evoking potency of variations in a 5-min series of 30 videotaped repetitions of a yawning face were compared with each other and with a series of 30 videotaped smiles to determine the ethological releasing stimulus for the fixed-action pattern of yawning and to understand the more general process of face detection.
	cogweb.ucla.edu /Abstracts/Provine_89.html (241 words)

	Some Basic Ethology
		The main focus was to identify the innate behavior patterns of each species, classify them according to function, and identify the physiological and stimulus conditions necessary for the performance of each pattern.
		Ethologists have tended to focus on instinctive patterns of behavior, behaviorists on arbitrary behaviors that the organism acquires by interacting with the environment (learned behaviors).
		Ethologists have been concerned with identifying innate behavior patterns and their triggers and supporting conditions, behaviorists with identifying general laws affecting the acquisition and maintenance of learned behaviors.
	users.ipfw.edu /abbott/314/ethology.html (543 words)

	Action Fixed- Sleeper - Action Floor Systems
		C. Flooring materials must be allowed to acclimate to building conditions on the job site in a dry, well-ventilated area, not in contact with masonry, and shall be installed at a moisture content not to exceed 8% except in areas of constant high humidity where the moisture content of the flooring shall not exceed 10%.
		Action fixed sleepers shall be spruce, pine or fir, nominal size 2" x 4" x 8', surfaced to uniform thickness, kiln dried to 12% moisture content or less, and Woodlife F treated as supplied by Action Floor Systems, LLC.
		A. Upon completion of floor installation, the owners, attendants or individuals in charge and responsible for the upkeep of the building are to see that the care and maintenance instructions of the MFMA are followed.
	www.actionfloors.com /sys_actionfixedsleeper.html (1254 words)

	Zoology: Behavior
		Humans - infants grasp at tactile stimuli, infant’s smile is induced by an image of two dark spots on a white circle (it is probably percieved as a friendly face).
		Fixed action patterns often may be repeatable many times without the animal "getting bored".
		This is a fixed action pattern on both their parts.
	www.rhodes.edu /biology/glindquester/zoology/24Behavior.html (1758 words)

	BioMed Central \| Abstract \| Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyper-dopaminergic ...
		Sequential super-stereotypy of an instinctive fixed action pattern in hyper-dopaminergic mutant mice: a model of obsessive compulsive disorder and Tourette's
		A syntactic grooming chain is a fixed action pattern that serially links up to 25 grooming movements into 4 predictable phases that follow 1 syntactic rule.
		Sequential super-stereotypy occurs in the complex fixed action patterns of hyper-dopaminergic mutant mice.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1741-7007/3/4/abstract (478 words)

	fix definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		She fixed her eyes on the path ahead.
		She fixed the notice to the door with a thumbtack.
		the fix is in the case or other matter has already been dishonestly decided, e.g.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_/fix.html (462 words)

	Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A behavior that is genetically determined rather than learned is called a fixed action pattern (Purves et al., 1997).
		However, this fixed action pattern is only expressed under certain conditions.
		The endocrine system plays a large role in determining when a particular pattern of behavior can be and is displayed through its controlling influences on development and the physiological state of the organism.
	www.zoo.utoronto.ca /zoo344s/2006Group3/HormonalBehavior.html (284 words)

	SparkNotes: Instinct and Animal Behavior: Terms
		Fixed action pattern (FAP) - A complex behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion.
		FAPs are invariant and are produced by the innate releasing mechanism (IRM) that responds to a key stimulus (KS).
		Interactive FAP sequences - Chains of behavior where one fixed action pattern (FAP) acts as a key stimulus.
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/animalbehavior/instinct/terms.html (740 words)

	New Page 0
		Several terms are commonly used in the ethological literature to describe the behavior patterns of animals.
		Fixed action patterns are genetically-determined sequences of movement.
		In the previous experiment, the courtship behavior displayed by your male roaches varied little from one male to another and represents a fixed action pattern.
	cas.bellarmine.edu /tietjen/Environmental/FishHormones.htm (1844 words)

	Nikolaas Tinbergen Summary
		Nikolaas Tinbergen, a zoologist, animal psychologist, and pioneer in the field of ethology (the study of the behavior of animals in relation to their habitat), is most well known for his studies of stimulus-response processes in wasps, fishes, and gulls.
		This idea is expressed by the concept of a fixed-action pattern, a repeated, distinct set of movements or behaviors, which Tinbergen and Lorenz believed all animals have.
		Tinbergen is widely recognized for his studies of behavioral patterns and the individual environmental triggers, or "releasers," that cause specific actions in organisms.
	www.bookrags.com /Nikolaas_Tinbergen (2392 words)

	Aggression:Year 1 Integrative Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Action specific energy accumulates in a reservoir until released by the appropriate stimulus, represented by weights on a scale pan, or until the pressure on the valve causes an action pattern to occur spontaneously (vacuum activity).
		According to Lorenz's theory the degree of consummatory response is a function of the amount of accumulated action specific energy and the sign stimuli to which the animal is exposed.
		The results of these tests are shown below and indicate that for each pattern of male courtship behaviour, the size of the female needed to elicit the pattern was less the greater the readiness of the male to court.
	salmon.psy.plym.ac.uk /year1/inttopic/aggression.html (1842 words)

	Electroconvulsive Seizure Behavior in Drosophila: Analysis of the Physiological Repertoire Underlying a Stereotyped ...
		Stereotyped action patterns in the DLM physiological repertoire of wild-type, bas
		pattern is determined by input to the motor neuron.
		Ikeda K, Kaplan WD (1970) Unilaterally patterned neural activity of gynandromorphs, mosaic for a neurological mutant of Drosophila melanogaster.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/24/11065 (8356 words)

	[No title]
		First of all most of the ducks being close together in the water next to the island (which I will assume was surrounded by shallow water) would be a fixed action pattern in response to the cold weather.
		Then I would suggest that the ducks running from me, ruffling their feathers and jumping in the water would be a fixed action pattern in response to the fear-eliciting stimulus of me making a sudden motion towards them.
		This action would be an escape mechanism to get away from me. The diagram below shows how I believe the ducks were conditioned.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/jcollins/Paper1.doc (630 words)

	Chapter 51 Interactive Student Guide
		A behavior that remains essentially the same among organisms despite environmental differences within or outside their bodies is said to be developmentally fixed.
		The most fundamental concept in classical ethology is the fxed-action pattern (FAP), a highly stereotyped, innate behavior.
		Example 5: The human infant grasping response is a fixed-action pattern released by a tactile stimulus.
	www.niles-hs.k12.il.us /jacnau/chpt51.html (6352 words)

	Glossary
		Term used by early ethologists to describe stereotyped patterns of movement common to all members of a species, often performed in response to specific sign stimuli.
		This is a consistent pattern of movement performed in response to specific features of an egg that is outside the nest; see also Motor Pattern.
		Stereotyped pattern of movement common to all members of a species; see also Fixed Action Pattern.
	caspar.bgsu.edu /~courses/Glossary.htm (5180 words)

	Lawyer Harvey A. Hyman, Head and Brain Injury Attorney in California, holds the highest rating of AV by the Martindale ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Fixed Action Pattern designates a learned pattern of activity encoded in the brain through repetition which has become subconscious.
		Examples are chewing your food, stepping off a curb and turning your head towards a sudden noise.
		Part of intensive rehab after TBI is relearn crucial FAPs.
	www.headinjurylaw.com /subcat_glossary_fixed.html (151 words)

	3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The fixed-action pattern (FAP) - a highly stereotyped, innate behavior, is the most fundamental concept in classical ethology.
		It must sit down before it notices the egg at which time another retrieval FAP is initiated.
		Some randomness is probable in fixing upon one of many possible sign stimuli for an FAP.
	nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu /~herrera/LectureNovember23.htm (1883 words)

	Learning Who is Your Mother: Behavior of Imprinting
		Some of the characteristics of imprinting could be explained by the tendency that the baby bird has to search for and responding selectively to particular stimulus patterns, such as the profile of an adult bird.
		This is a behavioral sequence of more elementary motor acts, which forms a pattern with a clear function in the animal's life.
		Another important re-examination of Lorenzian theories is that the critical period might result from the freedom of interference by the onset of the fear of novelty, which occurs at about the third day after hatching.
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n14/experimento/lorenz/index-lorenz.html (1923 words)

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