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Topic: Fixing Broken Windows

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	a quick overview of an influential fad in policing.
		One of the inevitable critiques, maybe a fundamental critique, of Broken Windows is that the types of "disorderly conduct" it targets are notably offenses typical of the poor.
		And yet the windows themselves have become a metaphor for problems actually blamed on people who are generally not in a position to fix windows.
		Testing "broken windows" was not the point of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, the study planned and conducted by Dr. Earls and colleagues to unravel the social, familial, educational and personal threads that weave together into lives of crime and violence.
	www.ambiguous.org /robin/word/brokenwindows.html (4715 words)

	Jus in Re - Volume 4 - #4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The theory of broken windows acknowledges the relationship between crime and disorder.
		Secondly, "Broken Windows" encourages communities to a "clean-up" by getting the homeless and the sick off the streets to institutions or prisons claiming that these options are in their best interests as well as the communities.
		With respect to the theory of broken windows the homeless and the sick represent the "broken window" that should be removed.
	www.carleton.ca /law/JusInRe/v4/4-4-fixing.htm (1134 words)

	felixsalmon.com: a blog about economics and finance, mostly — Broken Windows
		Meanwhile, academics are studying the Broken Windows theory, doing things like literally counting broken windows, and then taking polls which seem to show that there's no correlation between the number of broken windows and how "disordered" people think a neighborhood is. Some of them are coming to the conclusion that Broken Windows isn't empirically rigorous.
		Fixing broken windows is a sign that people are watching and care and will call the cops.
		Broken windows theory was never any news to any half-decent community development worker, it's common sense.
	www.felixsalmon.com /000412.html (1371 words)

	Book \| Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities
		Kelling and Miss Coles demonstrate clearly that the broken windows thesis is 100 percent correct.”
		When sociologists James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling introduced their “Broken Windows” thesis in 1982, it gained immediate attention from academics and policy makers alike.
		“Broken Windows” finally acknowledged the connection between disorder, fear, crime, and urban decay that has been playing out in America’s cities for decades.
	www.manhattan-institute.org /html/critical_acclaim-fixing_broken.htm (586 words)

	The cracks in 'broken windows' - The Boston Globe
		But according to the broken windows theory, fighting the seemingly minor indicators of neighborhood decay and disorder-broken windows, graffiti, even litter-helps prevent major crimes, and urban police forces like Boston's have applied the theory since the 1980s.
		Bratton employed the broken windows theory as part of what he calls a comprehensive policing strategy, and on his watch, crime on the T dropped by 27 percent.
		Contrary to what broken windows would suggest, there was no decrease in criminality among the relocated public-housing tenants: They continued to offend at the same rates in their new, more orderly neighborhoods as they did in their disorderly ones.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2006/02/19/the_cracks_in_broken_windows (1893 words)

	Common Craft - Social Design for the Web: Broken Windows Theory and Your Web Site
		The theory says that a broken window that is left unfixed can quickly encourage more crime and vandalism because it sends a message of apathy to everyone that sees it.
		Broken Windows was the brainchild of the criminologists James Q. Wilson and George Kelling.
		Soon, more windows will be broken, and the sense of anarchy will spread from the building to the street on which it faces, sending a signal that anything goes.
	www.commoncraft.com /archives/000561.html (984 words)

	Daring Fireball: Broken Windows
		It’s similar to the “broken windows” theory of urban decay, which holds that if a single window is left unrepaired in a building, in fairly short order, the remaining windows in the building will be broken.
		Fixing windows as soon as they are broken sends a message: that vandalism will not be tolerated.
		Windows apologists have long argued that the only reason the Mac has been so strikingly free of security exploits is that it has such a smaller market share than Windows.
	daringfireball.net /2004/06/broken_windows (1831 words)

	The Chronicle: February 9, 2001: Poking Holes in the Theory of 'Broken Windows'
		The essence of "broken windows" is that neighborhood disorder -- physical decay, such as graffiti, litter, and dilapidation; and minor misconduct, such as public drinking and vagrancy -- will, if left unchecked, signal potential miscreants that no one is watching.
		"'Broken windows' remains a hypothesis which has a lot of support in the form of anecdotes and case studies," he says.
		The debate over "broken windows" is just one part of a larger dispute over the lessons of the 1990's.
	chronicle.com /free/v47/i22/22a01401.htm (2647 words)

	William J. Bratton & George Kelling on Broken Windows on National Review Online
		One of us co-originated (with James Q. Wilson) this theory, which has come to be known as "fixing broken windows"; the other implemented it in New York City, first as chief of the transit police under Mayor David Dinkins, and then more broadly as police commissioner under Mayor Rudy Giuliani.
		From the first presentation of broken windows we have argued, to the contrary, that the link, while clear and strong, is indirect.
		Fixing broken windows is not the panacea for all crime problems.
	www.nationalreview.com /comment/bratton_kelling200602281015.asp (1006 words)

	Broken Windows Theory in software and your personal life
		These examples describe how a single broken window, if left unrepaired for an extended period of time, can cause the inhabitants to lose respect, pride and care in their surroundings.
		Fixing these requires too much work, so instead the developer exacerbates the problem by copy and pasting bad code to complete their task.
		If leaving a single window broken leads to more broken windows, then not fixing a window sends a message that vandalism is tolerated.
	www.davecheong.com /2006/06/30/broken-windows-theory-in-software-and-your-personal-life (1686 words)

	Fix Broken Windows
		Once a window in a building is broken and left unrepaired, the building starts to go downhill rapidly.
		One possible problem with the "broken windows" theory in criminal justice is that cities are large and varied, so its inhabitants have vastly different values.
		The more broken windows you allow to accumulate, the more you will have to fight against people using the logic of the BrokenWindowFallacy when you finally try to fix something.
	www.c2.com /cgi/wiki?FixBrokenWindows (2069 words)

	Gwinnett Business Journal
		“Fixing Broken Windows” by George L. Kelling and Catherine M. Coles is a book that has had a tremendous impact on how Gwinnett County deals with transforming itself from a rural to suburban area and potentially furthering it to an urban environment.
		The basic premise of the book is that communities must deal immediately with problems such as broken windows, graffiti, unkempt property and junk cars because these conditions create an image that no one cares or is in charge – which leads to disorder and even crime.
		When trash is thrown out of a car window and no one bothers to pick it up, more people begin to fall into this pattern and before long the area is an eyesore.
	www.gbj.com /story_detail.cfm?StoryID=1527 (475 words)

	Law Enforcement News - December 15/31, 2003
		“Broken Windows,” which broke onto the scene in 1982 in a cover story in The Atlantic Monthly co-authored by George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson, is rightfully considered, along with community policing and problem-oriented policing, as one of the three foremost ground-breaking ideas in criminal justice over the past two decades.
		“Obviously, Broken Windows was a theory, an idea that really sort of opened people’s eyes,” Stephens told LEN, “and once they started thinking about that and comparing it with their own experiences, the arguments that he and James Q. Wilson were advancing, it had a certain amount of common sense to it, as well.
		What Kelling refers to as “distortions” of Broken Windows include the zero-tolerance policies, sweeps and crackdowns that some jurisdictions have implemented in its name, and for which critics have taken him to task.
	www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu /len/2003/12.31 (2077 words)

	Fixing Broken Windows Restoring Order And Reducing Crime In Our Communities by George L. Kelling, Catherine M. Coles
		Their argument is aided immensely by real-life examples of how their "broken windows" strategy has reduced crime where it's been tried.
		In 1982, Wilson and Kelling proposed a link between disorder and crime that they expressed through the metaphor of the "broken window." Leave the broken window unrepaired and soon the rest of the windows will be broken as well.
		Leave all the windows broken and the building becomes a signal to offenders that this place -- this street, neighborhood, city -- is a place in which disorder is accepted, or at least tolerated.
	www.book-summary-review.com /Fixing-Broken-Windows-Restoring-Order-And-Reducing-Crime-In-Our-Communities-0684837382.htm (1936 words)

	Legal Affairs Debate Club - Is Broken Windows Policing Broken?
		This practice is based on the "broken windows" theory of policing, which suggests that a reduction in minor crimes will lead to a decrease in violent ones.
		If the broken windows theory were correct, then there must be some sort of change induced by MTO that generates equally large offsetting effects on crime—for men, but not for women.
		Proposition 1: The broken windows theory—which holds that disorder causes crime, or, in the original formulation by Wilson and Kelling, that "disorder and crime are usually inextricably linked, in a kind of developmental sequence"—is not right.
	legalaffairs.org /webexclusive/debateclub_brokenwindows1005.msp (7124 words)

	Meatball Wiki: FixBrokenWindows
		Of course, this evidence has to do with the impact of broken windows on crime; its relevance to wiki, where we are trying more to preserve order or clarity or style rather than to prevent crime, is unknown.
		"Broken windows" are anything that is in a broken way that is unpleasant or annoying to look at: personal attacks, flame wars, genuinely off-topic content, flooding, spam, etc. A "crime" is anything that goes against the community's internal law (c.f.
		A punitive approach to breaking windows, as the New York "quality of life" crimes suggest is not what FixBrokenWindows is about.
	www.usemod.com /cgi-bin/mb.pl?FixBrokenWindows (709 words)

	An Antic Disposition: Broken Windows and the Ghost of Keynes
		The IDC research shows that the launch of Windows Vista will precipitate cascading economic benefits, from increased employment in the region to a stronger economic base for those 200,000 or so local firms that will be selling and servicing products that run on Windows Vista.
		The interconnectedness of the economy was not precipitated by the broken window.
		The only thing that changed by the broken window is that the baker has no new suit, and the glazier has his money.
	www.robweir.com /blog/2007/01/broken-windows-and-ghost-of-keynes.html (1775 words)

	book-fixing broken windows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The citizen who fears the ill-smelling drunk, the rowdy teenager, or the importuning beggar is no merely expressing his distaste for unseemly behaviour; he is also giving voice to a bit of folk wisdom that happens to be a correct generalization--namely, that serious street crime flourishes in areas in which disorderly behavior goes unchecked.
		The unchecked panhandler is, in effect, the first broken window, for the other broken window comes from the criminals that affect our society as a whole, such as and not limited to slum landlords and slum home owners.
		In effect, the City of Vancouver, with a population of roughly 595,000, is the cause of broken windows.
	www.justice4you.org /recom_fixing_broken_windows.php (458 words)

	From the Mayor's Desk: Fixing Broken Windows
		In New York city, the people who jumped the subway turnstiles to avoid paying the $.50 fare were often seen as just a nuisance by police, but when they began to arrest them, the police found that many were convicted felons, some carrying weapons, and many having warrants out for their arrest.
		Broken Window etc....One of the most important steps with the broken window concept happened yesterday....a citizen got involved and protected himself from a robbery.
		This is a broken window in the town that needs to be fixed.
	www.readingeagle.com /blog/mayor/archives/2006/03/fixing_broken_w.html (1475 words)

	Higher Education Center: Fixing Broken Barroom Windows (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Indeed, it is Kelling's own broken windows hypothesis that communities across the country are turning to with increased frequency as they seek to meaningfully confront drinking and other drug use.
		Evoking the image of a broken window left unrepaired, Wilson and Kelling suggested that disorder and crime are linked, in a kind of developmental sequence.
		Inspired in part by Wilson and Kelling, community policing embodies the theory that signs of disorder, public drunkenness, abandoned cars, graffiti, and broken windows increase the likelihood of criminal activity by signaling that the community does not care about itself and that residents and the police have little control over the area.
	www.edc.org /hec/pubs/articles/fixwindows.html (2115 words)

	uExpress.com: Mr. Handyperson by Mark Hetts -- (08/01/1999) FIXING BROKEN WINDOWS REQUIRES SKILL AND PRACTICE
		The windows are the wooden, double-hung variety, and most of the upper sashes are painted shut.
		HP recalls vividly his dad's efforts to glaze wood windows in the home we were building by "learning by doing," as he did everything.
		The main enemy of these windows is paint: too little in the places where it is supposed to be, and (even worse), too much on parts that should never be painted at all.
	www.uexpress.com /mrhandyperson/?uc_full_date=19990801 (677 words)

	JoDee.biz Article Directory \| Submit Articles \| Search & Find Free Content \| Author Submission
		Further, if instead of just fixing the window, you find the vandal and hold them accountable for it, a message goes out loud and clear: we're watching and you will get caught.
		The problem with the broken windows theory is that it requires more than police action to put into practice.
		How Fixing Broken Windows Can Decrease Click Fraud by Jay Stockwell There is a theory in law enforcement that goes something like this: If someone breaks a window in a building, and it isn't fixed quickly, others will soon be broken.
	www.jodee.biz /articles/ezineready.php?id=6915 (1734 words)

	Daily Progress, Jacksonville, TX - “Fixing Broken Windows”
		The Broken Windows theory refers to an article by sociologists Dr. James Q. Wilson and Dr. George Kelling that first appeared in the Atlantic Monthly in March 1982.
		If a window is broken and not repaired quickly, soon more windows will be broken as the perception that no one cares about the building.
		When many of the windows have been broken, the feeling is created that no one cares about the street and soon other structures will be vandalized.
	www.jacksonvilleprogress.com /opinion/local_story_210193024.html (821 words)

	[No title]
		If broken windows--literal or metaphorical--are left unrepaired, they not only contribute to the physical deterioration of the neighborhood, they also lead to a lack of social order that permits crime to flourish.
		Now Kelling and Catherine M. Coles have published a new book, "Fixing Broken Windows," arguing that this linkage works in the other direction as well: By fixing all the literally broken windows--and also all the metaphorically broken windows, such as aggressive panhandling and loud teenagers--the police and neighborhoods can reduce crime.
		But asking them to reduce the number of broken windows or the incidence of fare- beating by 75 percent does.
	www.governing.com /archive/1997/mar/manage.txt (648 words)

	Beautification (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		George Kelling kicked off discussion by presenting his popular theory on “broken windows,” a metaphor for the breakdown of community organization and stability.
		Quality-of-life issues related to environmental blight are rooted in this “broken window” theory, postulated in the 1940s and recently popularized through a series of writings by Dr. Kelling and political scientist James Q. Wilson.
		The theory posits that a broken window left unrepaired in a building sends a signal that there is a lack of concern about the building.
	www.hrclean.org /brokenwindow.shtml (951 words)

	Broken Windows
		The version of 'Broken Windows' outlined below involves all members of the School community in substantial improvement for all.
		Students who repeatedly create 'broken windows' have the chance to learn that are part of a larger world which has a considerable capacity to respond to their actions.
		In a school context, something can be deemed to be implemented when it becomes part of the school culture, ie, it is generally expected and happens as a matter of course without intervention.
	www.users.bigpond.com /ivan.webb/quality/schools/broken_windows.htm (735 words)

	[No title]
		This tactic seems to be the antithe-sis of the police and citizen “connection” the authors of this book describe as the basis for preventing and reducing crime in neighborhoods.
		After a period of time, when more windows have been broken and remain so, passersby will conclude that no one is in charge of either the building or the street that runs past it.
		But what is needed most of all is a policing strategy to repair “broken promises” between police and the communities in which they work.
	www.citylimits.org /content/articles/articleView.cfm?articlenumber=754 (690 words)

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