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Topic: Flagellin

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	Flagellin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flagellin is a protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in bacterial flagellum.
		Flagellin is the principal substituent of bacterial flagellum, and is present in large amounts on nearly all flagellated bacteria.
		The structure of flagellin is responsible for the helical shape of the flagellar filament, which is important for its proper function.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flagellin (227 words)

	Steven B. Mizel, Ph.D
		In view of the extraordinary potency of flagellin as an activator of cells that are involved in host defense, we are focusing on the adjuvant properties of flagellin in the context of acellular vaccines against Yersinia pestis and poxviruses.
		Our work has revealed that flagellin is a highly potent adjuvant and effective adjuvant that promotes the development of a protective response against a lethal respiratory challenge with Y. pestis in mice.
		Mucosal administration of flagellin induces innate immunity in the mouse lung.
	www1.wfubmc.edu /Microbio/Faculty+Pages/Mizel.htm (403 words)

	Flagellin Fusion Proteins as Adjuvants or Vaccines Induce Specific Immune Responses -- Cuadros et al. 72 (5): 2810 -- ...
		Flagellin, a novel mediator of Salmonella-induced epithelial activation and systemic inflammation: I kappa B alpha degradation, induction of nitric oxide synthase, induction of proinflammatory mediators, and cardiovascular dysfunction.
		Salmonella typhimurium translocates flagellin across intestinal epithelia, inducing a proinflammatory response.
		The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/72/5/2810 (4355 words)

	Flagellin Glycosylation Island in Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea and Its Role in Host Specificity -- Takeuchi et al. ...
		for flagellins from the wild-type strain and the
		Flagellin from an incompatible strain of Pseudomonas avenae induces a resistance response in cultured rice cells.
		The neuA/flmD gene cluster of Helicobacter pylori is involved in flagellar biosynthesis and flagellin glycosylation.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/185/22/6658 (4012 words)

	:: IMMUNOLOGY & MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS ::
		Such flagellin is secreted by most gram negative bacteria, including commensal gut E. coli, and thus flagellin is ubiquitous at the apical (lumenal) membrane domain of the intestinal epithelium.
		However, flagellin can only activate epithelial chemokine secretion when it reaches the basolateral membrane and such flagellin translocation across model epithelia can be mediated by pathogen Salmonella typhimurium but not be commensal E. coli.
		We found that the epithelial response to flagellin is mediated by the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), a receptor whose expression is highly polarized to the basolateral surface.
	www.biomed.emory.edu /PROGRAM_SITES/IMP/gewirtz_a.html (388 words)

	A Clostridium difficile gene encoding flagellin -- Tasteyre et al. 146 (4): 957 -- Microbiology
		characterization and expression of the flagellin subunit gene.
		difficile flagellin of strains 79-685 and VPI 10403
		Winstanley, C. and Morgan, J. The bacterial flagellin gene as a biomarker for detection, population genetics and epidemiological analysis.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/146/4/957 (4779 words)

	Flagellin from Listeria monocytogenes Is Glycosylated with {beta}-O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine -- Schirm et al. 186 ...
		Flagellin from Listeria monocytogenes Is Glycosylated with {beta}-O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine -- Schirm et al.
		Biochemical and immunological analyses of the flagellin of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755.
		Characterization of flagellin expression and its role in Listeria monocytogenes infection and immunity.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/186/20/6721 (3827 words)

	Identification of the Carbohydrate Moieties and Glycosylation Motifs in Campylobacter jejuni Flagellin -- Thibault et ...
		Flagellins from three strains of Campylobacter jejuni and one strain of Campylobacter coli were shown to be extensively modified
		Cloning and Genetic Analyses of Flagellin Modification Genes-- The 81-176 homolog of Cj1317 and adjacent DNA was cloned from a
		Flagellins were separated in an ampholyte mixture of pH 4-6 as previously described (8, 28).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/37/34862 (5941 words)

	Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease -- Lodes et al. 113 (9): 1296 -- Journal of Clinical ...
		Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease -- Lodes et al.
		The predicted amino acid sequences from the flagellin expression clones (CBir1_CBir15) are mapped in relation to the representation of the B.
		We speculate that the aberrant response to the
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/113/9/1296 (6211 words)

	Induction of Macrophage Nitric Oxide Production by Gram-Negative Flagellin Involves Signaling Via Heteromeric Toll-Like ...
		The induction of cytokine synthesis by flagellin is mediated
		Flagellin stimulation of intestinal epithelial cells triggers CCL20-mediated migration of dendritic cells.
		Sensing Bacterial Flagellin by Membrane and Soluble Orthologs of Toll-like Receptor 5 in Rainbow Trout (Onchorhynchus mikiss)
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/170/12/6217 (5301 words)

	Export of an N-Terminal Fragment of Escherichia coli Flagellin by a Flagellum-Specific Pathway -- Kuwajima et al. 86 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Flagellin and several other external components of the bacterial flagellum are thought to be exported, not by the general N-terminal signal peptide-dependent pathway, but by a flagellum-specific pathway involving a central channel in the flagellum itself.
		Mutant flagellins with large internal deletions or truncations of their C-terminal region could still be exported, even though they could not assemble into filament.
		This result suggests that the N-terminal region of flagellin contains a signal that enables the protein to be recognized and exported by the flagellum-specific pathway.
	intl.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/86/13/4953 (392 words)

	Interpretations of Antibody Responses to Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis gm Flagellin in Poultry Flocks Are ...
		proteins of flagellin (19) or to be outer membrane proteins.
		We used the gm flagellin antigen coupled with a rigorous method in the KELA to normalize data and thus were able to reduce
		In summary, the gm flagellin KELA is a useful flock screening tool for use in commercial poultry flocks to detect S.
	cdli.asm.org /cgi/content/full/5/4/550 (4087 words)

	U.S. Scientists Announce Important Progress on Plague Vaccine - US Department of State
		But if a protein called flagellin is added to the vaccine, antibody levels against the plague bacteria are 500,000 times higher.
		But if a protein termed flagellin is added to the vaccine, antibody levels against the plague bacteria are 500,000 times higher.
		Flagellin is taken from bacterial flagella, whiplike appendages that are used by bacteria to move around their environment.
	usinfo.state.gov /gi/Archive/2005/May/19-15047.html (1049 words)

	A genomic island in Pseudomonas aeruginosa carries the determinants of flagellin glycosylation -- Arora et al. 98 (16): ...
		The mobility of the flagellin in the mutants
		mobility of the nonglycosylated flagellin from the orfA mutant
		The wild-type PAK flagellin migrates as a diffuse band indicating glycosylation of flagellin (lane 2).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/16/9342 (4885 words)

	Neil R. Baker--OSU Department of Microbiology
		Flagellin appears to be a major secondary adhesin.
		A segment of DNA located downstream of the flagellin gene appears to be involved in the modification of flagellin.
		This process is distinct from the phosphorylation of flagellin that has been noted by others, and may involve glycosylation--a rare event in bacteria.
	www.osumicrobiology.org /faculty/nbaker.htm (426 words)

	New Flagellin-Specifying Genes in Some Escherichia coli Strains -- Ratiner 180 (4): 979 -- The Journal of Bacteriology
		Identification of a new flagellin locus in the standard test strains for H55 (E2987-73) and H44 (781-55).
		was governed by the introduced flagellin gene region of the donor.
		Integration at hag or elsewhere, of H2 (phase-3 flagellin) genes transduced from Salmonella to Escherichia coli.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/180/4/979 (3245 words)

	Characterization of Bartonella clarridgeiae Flagellin (FlaA) and Detection of Antiflagellin Antibodies in Patients with ...
		Characterization of Bartonella clarridgeiae Flagellin (FlaA) and Detection of Antiflagellin Antibodies in Patients with Lymphadenopathy -- Sander et al.
		sequence of flagellin (FlaA) as deduced from the sequence of the
		Cloning, sequencing, and phenotypic analysis of laf1, encoding the flagellin of the lateral flagella of Azospirillum brasilense Sp7.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/38/8/2943 (3740 words)

	W0239: Structural mechanisms of self-assembly and polymorphic supercoiling of the bacterial flagellum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The flagellar filament is made of a single protein flagellin, and yet the tubular structure of the filament can form left-handed or right-handed helical forms, and these forms are switchable in response to the twisting force produced by quick reversal of the motor rotation for running and tumbling in the tactic behavior of bacteria.
		The two different straight filament structures that represent the two distinct conformational or packing states of flagellin to form helical tubes were analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy and X-ray fiber diffraction.
		The crystal structure of a core fragment of flagellin at 2.0 Å resolution revealed the protofilament structure of one state with a repeat distance of 51.9 Å.
	www.hwi.buffalo.edu /ACA/ACA02/abstracts/text/W0239.html (385 words)

	The Bacterial Elicitor Flagellin Activates Its Receptor in Tomato Cells According to the Address-Message Concept -- ...
		The Bacterial Elicitor Flagellin Activates Its Receptor in Tomato Cells According to the Address-Message Concept -- Meindl et al.
		Binding of the N terminus is presented as the first step, and activation by the C terminus is the second step.
		Gómez-Gómez, L., and Boller, T. (2000) A LRR receptor-like kinase is involved in the perception of the bacterial elicitor, flagellin, in Arabidopsis.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/12/9/1783 (5717 words)

	DNA Rearrangements in the Flagellin Locus of an flaA Mutant of Campylobacter jejuni during Colonization of Chicken Ceca ...
		DNA Rearrangements in the Flagellin Locus of an flaA Mutant of Campylobacter jejuni during Colonization of Chicken Ceca -- Nuijten et al.
		The flagellin gene organization of strain R1 (top) and the wild type (WT, bottom) have been determined before (12, 13).
		Genomic rearrangements in the flagellin genes of Proteus mirabilis.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/68/12/7137 (1984 words)

	Salmonella typhimurium transcytoses flagellin via an SPI2-mediated vesicular transport pathway -- Lyons et al. 117 ...
		Flagellin was purified as described (Gewirtz et al., 2001b
		Transcytosis of flagellin is blocked at 20°C. T84 model epithelia were treated in a 37°C incubator or at ambient room temperature (observed to vary between 18.7 and 20.4°C).
		Flagellin transcytosis (A) and bacterial invasion (B) were measured as described in Fig.
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/117/24/5771 (5149 words)

	Inactivation of the Flagellin Gene flaA in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense Results in Nonmagnetotactic Mutants Lacking ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Flagellin sequences determined in this study are in bold.
		A putative flagellin polypeptide was present in the wild-type strain (arrow) but absent from the mutant strain.
		Mutational analysis of the Rhizobium lupini H13-3 and Sinorhizobium meliloti flagellin genes: importance of flagellin A for flagellar filament structure and transcriptional regulation.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/6/3624 (3605 words)

	Antibody response against Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin expressed as fusions to flagellin -- Pereira et al. ...
		In this study, the flagellin system was used to present ST sequences
		Synthetic oligonucleotides and insertions in the flagellin gene.
		Wu, J. Y., Newton, S., Judo, A., Stocker, B. and Robinson, W. Expression of immunogenic epitopes of hepatitis B surface antigen with hybrid flagellin proteins by a vaccine strain of Salmonella.
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/147/4/861 (3551 words)

	TLR5-mediated activation of p38 MAPK regulates epithelial IL-8 expression via posttranscriptional mechanism -- Yu et ...
		Activation of p38 MAPK in response to flagellin.
		Flagellin was applied to the indicated reservoir, whereas other agents were applied to both the apical and basolateral compartment.
		Flagellin and nonproinflammatory stimuli activate ERK1 and -2.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/2/G282 (4898 words)

	Pm flagellin conversion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These genes undergo a process of gene conversion in which an internal segment of the flagellin locus is excised, genetically fusing a 5’ portion of flaA to a 3’ segment of flaB.
		We are investigating the molecular mechanism underlying flagellin gene conversion to understand how it functions and what advantages these new flagella provide the cells during biofilm formation.
		The frequency of Proteus mirabilis flagellin gene conversion.
	www.umbi.umd.edu /~belas/Pm_flaconv.htm (187 words)

	Effect of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Macrolides on Expression of Flagellin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus ...
		Effect of Subinhibitory Concentrations of Macrolides on Expression of Flagellin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis -- Kawamura-Sato et al.
		Flagellin protein was prepared by the method of Montie et al.
		aeruginosa (B) were grown on plates with increasing doses of macrolide antibiotics for 18 h, and the motility and the flagellin preparation of each bacterium were analyzed as described in the text.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/10/2869 (1905 words)

	Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Recombinant OspC and the Internal 14-kDa Flagellin Fragment for Serodiagnosis ...
		Hb101 was used for expression of recombinant flagellin.
		Genetic heterogeneity of the genes coding for the outer surface protein C (OspC) and the flagellin of Borrelia burgdorferi.
		Use of a hybrid protein consisting of the variable region of the Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin and part of the 83-kDa protein as antigen for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/36/4/857 (4163 words)

	Salmonella typhimurium translocates flagellin across intestinal epithelia, inducing a proinflammatory response -- ...
		Flagellin rapidly appears in the basolateral supernatants of apically infected model epithelia.
		Flagellin is a potent inducer of IL-8 secretion, does not drop transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and is essential for IL-8 secretion induced by S.
		Schmitt, C.K., Darnell, S.C., and O’Brien, A.D. The attenuated phenotype of a Salmonella typhimurium flgM mutant is related to expression of FliC flagellin.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/107/1/99 (6445 words)

	A Common Dominant TLR5 Stop Codon Polymorphism Abolishes Flagellin Signaling and Is Associated with Susceptibility to ...
		A Common Dominant TLR5 Stop Codon Polymorphism Abolishes Flagellin Signaling and Is Associated with Susceptibility to Legionnaires' Disease -- Hawn et al.
		Toll-like receptor-5 and the innate immune response to bacterial flagellin.
		Flagellin from gram-negative bacteria is a potent mediator of acute pulmonary inflammation in sepsis.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/198/10/1563 (5207 words)

	Gangliosides Inhibit Flagellin Signaling in the Absence of an Effect on Flagellin Binding to Toll-like Receptor 5 -- ...
		Gangliosides Inhibit Flagellin Signaling in the Absence of an Effect on Flagellin Binding to Toll-like Receptor 5 -- West et al.
		in the absence of an effect on flagellin binding to TLR5.
		for flagellin and that the inhibitory effect of gangliosides
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/280/10/9482 (384 words)

	Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin -- Lillehoj et al. 282 (4): 751 -- AJP ...
		Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin -- Lillehoj et al.
		Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa flagellin as an adhesin for Muc1 mucin
		of bacteria with antibody to flagellin or pretreatment of CHO-Muc1
	ajplung.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/282/4/L751 (461 words)

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