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	Flare star - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flare stars are dim red dwarfs, although recent research indicates that brown dwarfs might also be capable of flaring.
		The Sun's nearest stellar neighbor Proxima Centauri is a flare star, as is another near neighbor Wolf 359.
		It is believed that the flares on flare stars are analogous to solar flares.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flare_star (188 words)

	AAVSO: UV Ceti and the flare stars, Autumn 2003 Variable Star Of The Season
		Flares are typically accompanied by brightening of the emission line spectra of the star, particularly of the Balmer series of hydrogen, and the appearance of ionized helium lines as well.
		Another difference is that the absolute sizes of flares on flare stars may be a significant fraction of the size of the star itself (perhaps as much as one fifth of the circumference!) rather than being limited to a few thousand kilometers as on the Sun.
		Flare stars are ideally suited to CCD and (especially) photoelectric observations because of the high time-resolution needed to catch all phases of the flare, and photomultipliers have the additional benefit of being very blue-sensitive.
	www.aavso.org /vstar/vsots/fall03.shtml (2403 words)

	Red dwarf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, a red dwarf star is a small and relatively cool star, of the main sequence, either late K or M spectral type.
		They constitute the vast majority of stars and have a diameter and mass of less than one-third that of the Sun (down to 0.08 solar masses, which are brown dwarfs) and a surface temperature of less than 3,500 K.
		This supports the theory that the first stars were extremely high mass population III stars which died quickly and produced the metals necessary for low mass stars to form later.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Red_dwarf (576 words)

	Star - Memory Alpha
		At a sufficient temperature and pressure, nuclear fusion is initiated at the core, producing light: the star is born.
		Young stars mainly consist of hydrogen, which is fused to helium thereby increasing the star's helium ratio over time and producing large quantities of energy.
		After the last iron is depleted, the star turns into a supernova, where the outer layers of the sun explode, which, in turn, causes a massive shock wave.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Star (733 words)

	40 (Omicron2) Eridani 3
		That Star A was not simply a single star was discovered in 1783 by Sir William Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel (1738-1822, portrait), who was born Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel and who subsequently discovered the planet Uranus in 1781 -- which led to his appointment in 1782 as private astronomer to the King of England.
		Star A's companion itself was discovered to be a binary pair BC in 1851 by Otto Wilhelm von Struve (1819-1905), who succeeded his father (Friedrich Georg Wilhelm) as director of Russia's Pulkova Observatory, made the first accurate determination of the constant of precession, and discovered some 500 binary stars.
		Star C is a flare star, like UV Ceti (Luyten 726-8 B) shown flaring at left.
	www.solstation.com /stars/40erida3.htm (1321 words)

	Wolf 1055 AB / Van Biesbroeck's Star
		Both Stars A and B are flare stars, but the fainter member of the system was once thought to be low enough in mass to be a possible brown dwarf and is now commonly referred to as "Van Biesbroeck's Star" (or VB 10) after its discovery in 1940 by George Van Biesbroeck (1880-1974).
		Although the star's normal surface temperature is 4,500° F, the sudden burst heated VB 10's outer atmosphere to around 270,000° F. The astronomers attributed this rapid heating to the presence of an intense, but unstable, magnetic field (Linsky et al, 1995).
		Hence, Earth-type life around flare stars may be unlikely because their planets must be located very close to dim red dwarfs to be warmed sufficiently by star light to have liquid water (less than 0.08 AU for Wolf 1055 A or B), which makes flares even more dangerous around such stars.
	www.solstation.com /stars/wolf1055.htm (1236 words)

	FLARESTARS - UV Cet-type Flare Stars & Related Objects Catalog
		The IRAS flux density of the flare star at 12 micron (um), in Janskies (1 Jy = 10^-26 W/m^2/Hz), according to Tsikoudi (1988, AJ, 95, 1797; 1990, ApSS, 170, 690), Mullan et al.
		The IRAS flux density of the flare star at 25 micron (um), in Janskies (1 Jy = 10^-26 W/m^2/Hz), according to Tsikoudi (1988, AJ, 95, 1797; 1990, ApSS, 170, 690), Mullan et al.
		The IRAS flux density of the flare star at 60 micron (um), in Janskies (1 Jy = 10^-26 W/m^2/Hz), according to Tsikoudi (1988, AJ, 95, 1797; 1990, ApSS, 170, 690), Mullan et al.
	starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov /W3Browse/star-catalog/flarestars.html (4716 words)

	flare star concept from the Astronomy knowledge base
		All known flare stars are intrinsically faint and have emission lines of H I and Ca II.
		It is generally believed that flares in flare stars have certain properties in common: rapid rise to peak light followed initially by a rapid decline and later by a slower phase that occasionally does not return to a preflare level within practical monitoring times (several hours).
		Like other flare stars, it is a member of a binary system in which both components are of nearly equal brightness.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/flarestar.html (543 words)

	Flare Stars
		Flares do occur on our own sun every so often, but the amount of energy released in a solar flare is small compared to the total amount of energy the sun produces.
		Flares on these so-called flare stars occur sporadically, with successive flares spaced anywhere from an hour to a few days apart.
		Note that since flare stars are variable stars, they will usually have a variable star designation such as UV Ceti or V645 Centauri.
	www.stellar-database.com /flare.html (377 words)

	Flare star - Memory Alpha
		A flare star is a type of star which regularly experiences brief, random outbursts of solar flares over its surface disrupting energy patterns in its system and sometimes endangering lifeforms.
		In 2365 the flare star Bringloid entered a period of intense activity, forcing the re-location of the Bringloid V colony.
		Another known example of a flare star located within Federation space is Wolf 359.
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Flare_star (157 words)

	STARDUST Spacecraft is "Temporarily Blinded" by Solar Flare
		During a single star camera readout, hundreds of these star-like images inundated the star camera processor so that the star camera could not recognize its position in space.
		The star camera image processing uses the 12 brightest images to try to match their pattern to its star catalog.
		With the spacecraft attitude under IMU control, star images were processed and stellar acquisition was achieved with 5 star matches.
	stardust.jpl.nasa.gov /news/solarflare.html (839 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - Star Shell
		A "star shell" was a form of artillery used a means of illuminating the battlefield during the hours of darkness, and also as a means of passing signals.
		When fired the star shell, which contained a fuse, would burst while at a given height igniting a magnesium flare which burned while the shell, which also contained a parachute, gradually fell to earth.
		Star shells used as a means of passing signals between groups were however often sent up without parachutes.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/starshell.htm (243 words)

	Exploring News & Features - X-raying a newborn sun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Although this is the third FU-Ori star that has been caught in the act of flaring, it is the first that has occurred in modern times when its behavior could be monitored not only in visible light, but also in radio, infrared and X-ray wavelengths.
		Using Chandra, the astronomers discovered that the star, which has been officially named V1647 Ori, was a very bright X-ray source in early March, but its X-ray brightness had decreased substantially by the end of the month before the star disappeared from view behind the sun.
		Kastner and Weintraub argue that the flare was touched off by a sudden avalanche of disk material falling onto the surface of the star and that this was the source of the intense X-rays as well as the other forms of radiation.
	www.exploration.vanderbilt.edu /news/news_new_star.htm (1063 words)

	A flare on EV Lac
		Manual photometry was performed by centering the star in the aperture, removing the flip mirror, walking to the desk (which took a few seconds during which the amplifier output stabilised and any vibrations in the telescope died away), pressing the reset button on the counter, noting the time and writing down the first three readings.
		A star central in the photometer aperture on the 8½ inch is arranged to be on the cross wires of the guiding eyepiece of the 8 inch.
		In fact, the flare lasted longer than I had expected, and I appear to have left the correction too late, for when I finally did apply a declination correction (at about 00:15:00) the signal increased by a level consistent with the companion star re-entering the aperture.
	www.britastro.org /vss/evlac.html (1289 words)

	flare star
		The flares are believed to occur in the star's chromosphere and to be similar in nature to solar flares but much more energetic.
		The nearest star to the Sun, Proxima Centauri, is a flare star as is one of the components of the nearby binary star system, Luyten 726-8, also known as UV Ceti.
		Although the terms flare star and UV Ceti star are sometimes used synonymously, BY Draconis stars also show flare activity.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/F/flarestar.html (163 words)

	Okino's Lens Flare Plug-In System
		Lens flares and glows are associated with either a point or spot light source, or with a geometry item.
		This is useful, for example, if you wish a glow and flare of a "sun" object to diminish as it the sun begins to move towards the horizon or other occluding objects in the scene.
		At a value of 1.0 the star is more like a bumpy sphere and as the sharpness is increased near 5.0 and higher the shape of the spikes becomes very predominant.
	www.okino.com /conv/features/lensflare/lensflare.htm (6674 words)

	The ROSAT Wide Field Camera all-sky survey of extreme-ultraviolet sources - I. The Bright Source Catalogue
		RE 0447-275: Identification is with a newly discovered dMe star, the fainter companion of a close visual pair; this has subsequently been discovered to be a flare star (Bromage, 1992).
		Other catalogued stars in the WFC error circle include the 5th magnitude A9IV star KW Aur, and the 11th magnitude star BD+32 922B, which are both unlikely to contribute to the detected EUV flux.
		RE 2246+442: The well-known flare star EV Lac.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /niagara/data/nasa/MNRAS_260_77.xml (19949 words)

	Science & Technology at Scientific American.com: Rare Flare -- [ ASTRONOMY ] -- Odd magnetar burst partly solves ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		STAR WITH FLARE: Artist's conception of the December 2004 gamma-ray flare, the brightest burst ever seen, expanding from SGR 1806-20.
		But already the giant flare of December 27, 2004, produced by a bizarre star in our own Milky Way galaxy, is providing a partial solution to a 10-year-old astrophysical mystery.
		If a similar magnetar flare occurred in a distant galaxy, he reasoned, it would be indistinguishable from a so-called short gamma-ray burst, with a duration less than two seconds or so.
	www.sciam.com /article.cfm?chanID=sa004&articleID=0009C89D-437D-1289-837D83414B7FFE9F (584 words)

	Big gamma-ray flare from star disturbs Earth's ionosphere
		His talk was part of a symposium, "A Giant Flare from a Magnetar: Blitzing the Earth from Across the Galaxy," that included astrophysicists Kevin Hurley of the University of California-Berkeley, David Palmer of Los Alamos National Laboratory, Bryan Gaensler of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Lynn Cominsky of Sonoma State University.
		For the astrophysicists, the colossal flare is a window into the workings of a neutron star.
		The star responsible for the 2004 burst was about the same distance as the star responsible for the 1998 burst but was within 5 degrees of the sun as viewed from Earth.
	news-service.stanford.edu /news/2006/march1/ainansr-030106.html (1981 words)

	Ulysses captures gamma-ray flare from star
		The signal of a cataclysmic magnetic flare emanating from a star that cracked apart halfway across the galaxy has been captured by NASA's Ulysses spacecraft and is providing important clues about some of the most unusual stars in the universe.
		The magnetic burst from the star SGR1900+14, located in the constellation Aquila 20,000 light-years away, was observed by Ulysses and other spacecraft with high-energy radiation detectors in space on August 27, 1998, as its heavy metal crust fractured and released the most powerful wave of gamma radiation yet observed from this type of star.
		A magnetar is so intense that it powers a steady glow of X-rays from the star's surface, often punctuated by brief, intense gamma-ray flashes and, occasionally, by catastrophic flares like the one observed on August 27.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/98/magnetars.html (806 words)

	ScienceDaily: Coordinated Effort Of Space Observatories Detects New Type Of Stellar Flare
		Rachel Osten, a graduate student at the University of Colorado at Boulder, said the flares were detected on a star, known as binary system HR 1099, in a very narrow temperature range of gas recorded in the ultraviolet portion of the light spectrum, but not in the higher energy X-ray region.
		The sun and many sun-like stars produce flares, and binary stars like HR 1099 can experience flares that are a million times more energetic than the largest flare seen on the sun, she said.
		The flares on HR 1099 were only seen at 100,000 degrees, recorded by spectral lines in the ultraviolet range accessible to the Hubble, while spectra taken by Chandra in the X-ray region, which probe temperatures near one million degrees, showed no brightening of lines.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/06/000608074006.htm (1897 words)

	Solar Flare Stuns Stardust
		Star cameras on Stardust were similarly fogged, sending that spacecraft into standby mode.
		Stardust's two star cameras, which it uses to control the spacecraft's orientation, were peppered with radiation.
		Protons from the solar wind electrified pixels in the star cameras, producing dots that the camera interpreted as stars.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2000/ast22nov_1.htm?list82890 (847 words)

	Flare Star - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Flare Star - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Flare stars are red dwarf stars (M and K main-sequence stars that are both cooler and smaller than the Sun) that may suddenly and unpredictably...
		Star (astronomy) : Important Types of Peculiar Stars : Flare Stars
	encarta.msn.com /Flare_Star.html (126 words)

	Universe Today - Chandra Sees a Star Flare Up
		It appears the interaction between the young star's magnetic field and an orbiting disk of gas can cause dramatic, episodic increases in the light from the star and disk, illuminating the surrounding gas.
		They found that a young star buried in the nebula had flared up, and was illuminating the nebula.
		In general, the coupling of the magnetic field of the star and the magnetic field of its circumstellar disk regulates the inflow of gas from the disk onto the star.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/chandra_sees_star_flare_up.html?2272004 (712 words)

	flare - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		One of the worst enemies of photographers is flare, unwanted light that enters the lens and causes strange reflections and a loss of contrast on the...
		Flare Star, star that may shine steadily for months or years at a time, then suddenly and unpredictably release an intense burst of light,...
		blaze, flame, flicker, flash, flare up, sparkle, burn
	ca.encarta.msn.com /flare.html (110 words)

	High Energy Astrophysics at Penn State: AD Leo dM4e Flare Star (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		AD Leo, a single dM4e flare star, is a popular target for activity studies because of its frequent flares.
		Although no optical flare and no X-ray variation by more than a factor of two was seen during 24,000 seconds of observing, the ASCA data allow us to make the best available X-ray spectra of a flare star.
		Hence even flare star `quiescent' intervals are merely periods of reduced micro-flaring activity.
	www.astro.psu.edu /xray/adleo.html (188 words)

	Gershberg Flare Star Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Maximum brightness is attained in seconds or dozens of seconds after the commencement of the flare; the star returns to its normal brightness after several minutes, or dozens of minutes.
		For example, BD+43 44A, BD+43 44 B, and SZ UMa, the flare activity of these stars were detected in Crimea; and probably BD-04 4048B is suspected as a flare star by HERBIG.
		Therefore we suppose, that UV Cet-type variables are K-M dwarfs, which show quick flares with amplitudes exceeding the observational errors, and duration of the flares are from a few seconds up to a few hundred minutes.
	www.cs.wisc.edu /niagara/data/nasa/2055.xml (321 words)

	BBC News \| Sci/Tech \| Star flare causes stir
		The faint star at the centre of the image may seem an insignificant member of the cosmos but it is causing big excitement among astronomers.
		Last week a network of telescopes spread across the southern hemisphere noticed that the tiny star had increased in brightness.
		Over the next week or so numerous telescope will be turned towards the star to detect any more changes in brightness as the unseen object completes its passage.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/119171.stm (247 words)

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