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Topic: Flash evaporation

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	[No title]
		Evaporative cooling was used indoors before conventional air conditioning was invented and is still used very much in the horticulture and agricultural industries as well as at many outdoor, sporting and social events.
		Small water particles evaporate rapidly absorbing heat (600calories of heat per gram of water).
		This is called Thermal Dynamics or the "Flash Evaporation Theory".
	www.ez-cool.com (201 words)

	[No title]
		In the flash evaporation process is when the liquid is preheated and is then subjected to a pressure below its vapor pressure causing boiling or flashing to occur.
		Flash distillation begins when the salt water enters a bundle of tubes which are located in the vapor space of the preheat chamber.
		For example, using a four stage evaporator, the temperature of the evaporating salt water is reduced by 10 degrees C and the incoming temperature of the incoming salt water is increased by the same amount.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Environmental/desal/flash.html (678 words)

	Evaporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Evaporation is a critical component of the water cycle, which is responsible for clouds and rain.
		Forced evaporation or distillation is a process used in the separation of mixtures, in which a mixture is heated to drive off the more volatile component with a higher vapor pressure.
		Evaporation is therefore a gentler process with a better defined beam of source material that can be used to coat just one side of a substrate or even the side of etched surface features, as in MEMS processing.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Evaporation (1192 words)

	Flash evaporation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flash evaporation of a single-component liquid is an isenthalpic (i.e., constant enthalpy) process and is often referred to as an adiabatic flash.
		This type of flash evaporation is used in the "Multi-Stage Flash Distillation" desalination of ocean water or brackish water.
		The equilibrium flash of a multi-component liquid may be visualized as a simple distillation process using a single equilibrium stage.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flash_evaporation (807 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Macromedia Flash (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Strictly speaking, Macromedia Flash is the authoring environment and Flash Player is the virtual machine application used to run the Flash files, but in colloquial language these have become mixed: "Flash" can mean either the authoring environment, the player or the application files.
		Flash Player uses a sandbox security model, which means that Flash applications running in a browser have very strict and limited resources available to them.
		Flash can retain information locally (in a manner similar, but more extensive, to browser cookies), giving the client the ability to, for example, remember the level or score a user has achieved on a Flash-based game, or the settings used on a previously visited website.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Macromedia_Flash (2342 words)

	Wire fed flash evaporation source - Patent 3970820
		The present invention provides a flash evaporation source which solves many of the problems of prior art sources, requires only a single coolant stream to be introduced into the vacuum chamber, and is easily disassembled for cleaning and easily reassembled.
		A nozzle 25 is held adjacent a flash evaporation portion 29 of a resistively heatable boat 33.
		As the wire touches the evaporation portion of the boat it is evaporated away and the evaporated material proceeds upwardly, the deposition shield 295 preventing great quantities of the evaporating material from coating the lower portions of the vacuum chamber walls.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /3970820.html (3810 words)

	Evaporation - A Wastewater Treatment Alternative
		During evaporation, a solution is concentrated when a portion of the solvent, usually water, is vaporized, leaving behind a saline liquor that contains virtually all of the dissolved solids, or solute, from the original feed.
		Evaporators can be categorized according to the arrangement of their heat transfer surface and the method used to impart energy (heat) to the solution.
		In this scheme, an evaporator concentrates the wastewater stream to 20 to 30 percent solids, and a crystallizer further concentrates it to a solid.
	www.waterinfocenter.com /wwd/index.cfm/powergrid/rfah=\|cfap=/CFID/630522/CFTOKEN/84737074/fuseaction/showArticle/articleID/164 (1655 words)

	Flash type distilling plants
		In the flash type distilling plant, the temperature of the water is never raised beyond 175 °F, and is only raised to this temperature within the last pass of tubes of the saltwater heater.
		Flash evaporation takes place at temperatures as low as 104°F. In addition, no boiling occurs on heat transfer tube surfaces; as a result, the scale formation is greatly reduced and operation at maximum efficiency is prolonged.
		Flashing at low temperatures is possible only when a vacuum is maintained in the chamber, since the boiling point of water decreases as the pressure in the chamber is reduced.
	www.tpub.com /engine1/en1-159.htm (251 words)

	Flash Evaporator and Methanol Recovery
		Vacuum Evaporators are utilized in several unit operations in the production of Biodiesel Fuel, such as the methanol stripping and methyl ester dehydration steps.
		A vacuum flash evaporator is used for this step.
		Vacuum Flash Evaporator dehydrating 150 gpm methyl ester after final wash step.
	www.wintek-corp.com /flash-evaporator/flash-evaporator.html (0 words)

	www.aguayuda.org
		MSF or Multiple Stage Flash is an evaporation technology that was the dominant method for sea water desalination before R.O. became a mature and reliable technology.
		MSF is a thermal process in which the feed stream together with a certain recirculation stream is incrementally preheated in a series of the heat exchangers that are mounted inside of each of the flash stages which operate at ever decreasing temperature levels.
		The distillate then also is flashed down through the lower temperature stages on a separate path for the purpose of heat recovery before being cooled against the feed stream and discharged from the system.
	www.aguayuda.org /Eng/Sol/MSF.cfm (516 words)

	ProTec Intl environmentally safe stains, finishes, coatings, epoxies, cleaners,solvents, fuel additives, lubricants, ...
		is a ultra high flash, low odor, high dielectric solvent cleaner/ degreaser, for use on engine parts, such as fuel pumps, carburetors, filters, valve covers, master cylinders, etc. No rinsing required, slow evaporation.
		Evaporates quickly, is non-flammable, safe on many plastics.
		, ozone friendly, fast evaporating, no residue, low odor solvent cleaner and degreaser designed for electrical circuitry, industrial, automotive and aviation use where a complete evaporation and no residue is desirable.
	www.protecusa.com /Solvent_industrial1.htm (0 words)

	several times flash evaporation distillation
		The water flows then into the first evaporator chamber, whereby a certain quantity of the liquid changes immediately with this ambient pressure into steam.
		The multi-level flash evaporation is based on the evaporation and following condensation of developed steam.
		Because of the entrance into the flash chambers the evaporation temperature is with 93°C and can achieve up to 99°C with 110% extent of utilization.
	www.lausitz-solar.de /evaporation.php (0 words)

	Flash Evaporation - Nicor
		Flash evaporators dispose of up to 150 gallons of wastewater and oil per hour, destroying 98 percent of volatile organic compounds and eliminating air polution in the process.
		The liquid portion of wastewater is eliminated, leaving you with easy-to-dispose dry ash.
		Flash evaporation completely eliminates the liquid portion of wastewater, reducing it to dry ash.
	www.nicor.com /en_us/commercial/natural_gas_equipment/environmental_issues/flash.htm (140 words)

	Solar Roof Cooling by Evaporation - alternative evaporative roof cooling systems (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Evaporative solar roof cooling as been used successfully in the U.S. on both air-conditioned and non-air conditioned buildings for over 65 years.
		Key: If evaporative roof cooling could eliminate only 25% of this excess heat, a reduction of only 5 degrees, the savings would be $61,824 and remember, this is only for the peak heat penetration in July and August.
		This expansion and subsequent contraction can pull away the flashings from the parapet walls around the roof mounted fans or air handling units; however by holding a constant temperature with very little fluctuation, the expansion and contraction is virtually eliminated.
	www.pattersonroofcooling.com /benifts_articles1.asp (2808 words)

	3.3.4 Technology/Equipment Description
		Evaporation is typically accomplished at pressures of 1.3 to 7.5 psia (67 to 388 mm Hg absolute), thereby lowering the boiling point to 110o to 180oF (43o to 82oC).
		During evaporation, vapor fills the center of the channel and as the momentum of the vapor accelerates, the film becomes thinner.
		The MVR evaporator is similar to a conventional single-effect evaporator, except the vapor released from the boiling solution is compressed (adds energy) in a mechanical compressor.
	www.nmfrc.org /bluebook/sec334.htm (2578 words)

	Technical Talk -- Newsletter for Engineers on Electrical Cleaning Solvents: Replacing 1,1,1, Trichloroethane.
		Evaporation is in milligrams/minute at a given temperature and solvent configuration (surface area to volume).
		For instance, if solvent A evaporated at 75 mg/min and solvent B evaporated at 225 mg/min, we would say that Solvent B evaporated 3 times as fast as solvent A. A common control or reference solvent is often used.
		Flash point is a measure of solvent combustibility often used in shipping and disposal regulations.
	www.polywater.com /techtak7.html (1315 words)

	THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY
		In evaporation, atoms are removed from the source by thermal means, where as in sputtering they are dislodged from target surface through impact of gaseous ions.
		If the evaporated material is transported through a reactive gas, the technique is called reactive evaporation.
		Flash evaporation technique is used when we have to deposit a multicomponent material that cannot be heated to the evaporation point together.
	www.geocities.com /vaidyan_kurian/thinfilms.html (2088 words)

	Thermo Oxidizer Evaporator for Disposal of Industrial Waste Water by using a Flash Evaporator IDS-Water Americas
		The evaporator Atomizes the liquid waste stream into a fine mist (click here to see video) injected into a heated dry chamber to flash evaporate the entire liquid portion of the stream.
		Flash evaporation reduces the entire water and organic volume in a waste stream leaving only a dry residue to be removed.
		This is a simple process of heating the water to 212 degrees F and changing the physical state of the water portion of the waste stream, allowing the water to be removed.
	www.idswater.com /water/us/Environmental_Compliance/thermo_oxidizer_evaporator/219_0/g_supplier_2.html (713 words)

	Metallization
		Filament evaporation is accomplished by gradually heating a filament of the metal to be evaporated.
		While filament evaporation is the simplest of all metallization approaches, problems of contamination during evaporation preclude its widespread use in IC fabrication.
		Flash evaporation is accomplished by passing a continuous supply of the material to be evaporated over a ceramic structure that provides heat.
	www.ece.gatech.edu /research/labs/vc/theory/metalliz.html (758 words)

	Carbon Coating & Evaporation - Physical Considerations
		The carbon particle evaporation is dependent on the surface area, temperature, and the length of the filament.
		It is considered that a filament length of 10mm (Exposed length for evaporation, the actual length being somewhat longer to accommodate clamping) is satisfactory.
		In general the outgassing would be 0.1 Torr with flash evaporation, at 0.05 Torr or better and it is good practice to repeat parameters to ensure consistent results.
	www.emitech.co.uk /vacuum-coating-brief2.htm (374 words)

	Evaporation, Process Equipment and Engineering - BJORN Evaporator
		The Vacuum Evaporator are being used in separation of oil-bearing waste water and degreasing baths in the manufacturing industry.
		In the chemical industry the Vacuum Evaporator are used in the concentration and recycling of spent chemicals including organic solvents.
		Concentration of spent electrolytic, degreasing and rinse baths are examples of where the BJORN Vacuum Evaporator are put to use in the galvanic industry.
	www.bjornkjaer.dk /english/products/product_vacuum_evaporation.asp (127 words)

	How alternative evaporative roof cooling systems work, technical description (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The upper limit of the temperature of the roof's surface will be reduced from the range of 175 F, in some cases, to as low as 100 F or even lower, on a ninety degree day.
		The significance of relative humidity in passive evaporation is not as critical as it is in the creation of flash evaporation, such as is used in misting systems.
		Over two decades of installations of evaporative roof cooling system throughout the southeastern U.S. has shown that enough evaporation occurs on the roof surface no matter what the relative humidity tends to be during the cooling season.
	www.pattersonroofcooling.com /how_works_tech.asp (530 words)

	evaporation evaporator falling film evaporators niro (Site not responding. Last check: )
		So a falling-film evaporator was designed and patented in 1905, in which the separator is located in the bottom part, with a tube bundle above, where the liquid falls in the form of a film.
		There is also the possibility of evaporating a greater proportion of water out of the liquor, in a single pass.
		Climbing-and-falling film evaporators cannot be adapted to evaporation processes when the scaling tendency is high (the tubes have to be full of liquid, with no boiling in them).
	www.geakestner.com /ndk_website/geakestner/cmsdoc.nsf/WebDoc/ndkw5pgexv?opendocument (556 words)

	Review of Glycol Ether and Glycol Ether Ester Solvents Used in the Coating Industry R L SMITH / Environmental Health ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In determining the evaporation rate of solvents, n-butyl acetate is used as the standard and is assigned an evaporation rate value of 1.
		For instance, a solvent that evaporates three times as fast as n-butyl acetate would be assigned a value of 3, whereas a solvent that evaporates half as fast as n-butyl acetate would be assigned a value of 0.5.
		It is in this slow evaporation rate area that the glycol ether and glycol ether ester solvents fill a void, particularly in the area from 0.3 to 0.05 evaporation rate.
	www.mindfully.org /Plastic/Solvents/Glycol-Ether-Ester1984.htm (1465 words)

	WASTEWATER EVAPORATION 101 By Ronald G
		Large flats were filled with seawater and natural evaporation from the sun evaporated the water and left behind dry salt.
		Boiling water evaporators leave a concentrated liquid slurry of the contaminants consisting of dissolved and suspended solids.
		With a boiling water evaporator, these solids must be removed as slurry, usually three parts of water to one part of solids, to create a flowable slurry mixture.
	www.rgf.com /wastewater_evaporation_101_by_ro.htm (1989 words)

	Applications : Desalination
		The seawater then passes to the evaporator vessel when pressure is released, causing it to boil or flash.
		This process is repeated in many stages, the pressure being reduced so that flashing occurs at progressively lower temperatures until the brine temperature approaches that of the seawater when part is rejected from the plant.
		Multistage Flash Desalination is a heat exchange process and although many materials have been promoted for the heat exchanger tubing, copper base alloys are still favoured since they have given good service in these plants.
	www.copper.org /applications/cuni/app_desal.html (1315 words)

	Amazon.com Books: Evaporation (Site not responding. Last check: )
		X 10" gal, or 3.40 X 10'' ac-ft. The annual evaporation from ocean and land areas is the same as the...
		Thermodynamic investigation of the flash evaporation of concentrated potassium sulphate liquor from polyhalite, (The Ohio State University, the Engineering Experiment Station.
		Results of evaporation studies conducted at the Scripps institution of oceanography and the California institute of technology (Bulletin of the Scripps...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Evaporation&tag=icongroupinterna&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (423 words)

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