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Topic: Flash synchronization

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	Flash (photography) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest flashes consisted of a wad of magnesium powder that was ignited by hand.
		Later, magnesium filaments were contained in flash bulbs, and electrically ignited by a contact in the camera shutter; such a bulb could only be used once, and was too hot to handle immediately after use, but the confinement of what would otherwise have amounted to a small explosion was an important advance.
		An electronic flash contains a tube filled with xenon gas, where electricity of high voltage is discharged to generate an electrical arc that emits a short flash of light.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flash_(photo) (409 words)

	Flash synchronization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a camera, flash synchronization is required for the firing of a photographic flash to coincide with the shutter admitting light to the photographic film.
		X synchronization is when the timing of the contact coincides exactly with the full opening of the shutter.
		Note that due to their construction, focal plane shutters as used on most SLRs will only allow xenon flash units to be used at shutter speeds were the entire film is open at once, typically at shutter speeds of 1/60 or slower, but some modern cameras may have an X-sync speed as high as 1/500.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flash_synchronization (273 words)

	Synchronization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Synchronization is important in fields such as digital telephony, video and digital audio where streams of sampled data are manipulated.
		Automotive transmissions contain synchronizers which allow the toothed rotating parts (gears and splined shaft) to be brought to the same rotational velocity before engaging the teeth.
		SyncML was initially proposed to synchronize changes in personal address book and calendar information from computers to mobile phones, but has subsequently been used in applications that synchronize other types of data changes among multiple sources, such as project status changes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Synchronization (450 words)

	Sigma EF-430 SUPER and EF-500 SUPER Photo Flashes
		Synchronization of the flash with short exposures is used far not for shooting of fast passing events.
		The flash thus switches a stroboscopic mode with a very high frequency (around 50 kHz), and when passing a slit of the shutter each part of the frame is illuminated with the flash.
		In this case the synchronization is implemented according to a light pulse from the flash attached to the camera.
	www.digit-life.com /articles/sigmaef430superef500super (1862 words)

	Synchronization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Two different time sequences may be synchronized in one sense without being synchronised in another, or synchronised at one time scale whilst being asynchronous in another.
		Synchronizers are needed in digital electronic systems such as microprocessors to deal with asynchronous inputs without generating metastable statess.
		Automotive transmissionss contain synchronizers which allow the toothed rotating parts (gears and splined shaft) to be brought to the same rotational velocity before engaging the teeth.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Synchronization (578 words)

	Flash synchronization -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The synchronization mechanism usually consists of an electrical contact within the (A hinged blind for a window) shutter mechanism.
		This is required for (A colorless odorless inert gaseous element occurring in the earth's atmosphere in trace amounts) xenon flash.
		The (additional info and facts about Nikon F) Nikon F offered three different bulb synchronizations, in addition to the X. The first camera to implement a flash synchronizer was the (additional info and facts about Exakta) Exakta, in 1935.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fl/flash_synchronization.htm (199 words)

	Flash photography is one of the
		Flash photography is one of the most misunderstood areas of the art.
		To many people, the flash is a mystical device that, while easy to use (it attaches it to your camera’s hot shoe), is difficult to use correctly in many situations.
		Obviously, your pop-up flash is not very powerful, so don’t use it when you’re seated in the third deck of a baseball stadium trying to take a photo of the batter.
	www.apogeephoto.com /may2004/jaltengarten5_2004.shtml (2347 words)

	Electronic Flash Information
		For a fair comparison with a non-zoom unit, the coverage angle of the non-zoom (typically corresponding to 28mm or 35mm lenses) should be known, and the GN of the zoom flash at that focal length should be used in the comparison.
		Flash photography is possible with this shutter speed and with all longer ones as well.
		With normal (low-speed) synchronization, all of the light which is collected from the scene by the lens, is available to expose the film.
	www.chem.helsinki.fi /~toomas/photo/flash-faq.html (3730 words)

	Flash Photography Made Simple
		Without the use of a fill flash, her face would have been in a deep shadow and the front shoulder and the part of her chest that is in the sun would have been the only parts illuminated well.
		Without using the fill flash, we almost silhouette the model as the only parts being lit with natural light are the top of her right leg and back, and her right arm.
		Bounce flashes are flash units that have the ability to angle the flash head in order to reflect the light off of a ceiling or reflector connected to the flash unit.
	www.vividlight.com /articles/611.htm (1800 words)

	Flash
		Flash synchronization refers to the synchronization of the flash discharge with the complete opening of the shutter.
		Flash synchronization with cameras with leaf shutters occurs at all shutter speeds.
		Cut back on the flash output by adjusting the light from the flash so that it is one or two stops less than the overall scene.
	www.dancingbrush.com /flash.htm (1877 words)

	Flash Exposure Control
		This sensor is activated when the flash is triggered by the camera, and monitors the subject luminance when being illuminated by the flash discharge until it reaches a preset level.
		Since the flash sensor and flash head point to the same direction, one can move the flash to an off camera position, the sensor still can provide a good reading even the flash head is in bounce position.
		However, since the "cut off" of flash discharge by the sensor is determined by the aperture and ISO sensitivity being used (on the flash), one must dial in the aperture and ISO sensitivity for the sensor to cut off flash discharge properly.
	www.cs.mtu.edu /~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/FZ-10/Ext-Flash/Flash-Exposure.html (973 words)

	Flash photography
		Fill flash (adding a little bit of flash so that it doesn't appear that you're using a flash) is great for daytime shooting, adding details to shadow areas and catch lights (that sparkle in the eye) in people/animal photography.
		Normally a flash fires at the end of the camera's shutter sequence; with rear-curtain flash, the flash fires at the beginning, so that subject movement seems to follow the flash exposure.
		Fill flash is used in outdoor situations where there is plenty of ambient (existing) light for a photograph, but you want to fill in shadow details, such as a person's face under a hat.
	www.sederquist.com /claflash.html (2599 words)

	PDQ One Hour Photo-Photography Tips-Flash Photography
		While the duration of the flash is extremely brief (usually measured in thousandths of a second), the burst of light must occur when the shutter is fully open; otherwise the shutter curtain may obscure part of the image.
		With face-mounted built-in flash units, you may be able to block the flash by holding your fingers (or a small piece of fl cardboard) in front of the flash.
		With electronic flash units, when the time required for the ready light to come on becomes excessive-about 30 seconds or longer-or it doesn't come on at all, it usually means the batteries are weak and need to be replaced or recharged, depending on the kind of batteries.
	www.replacementlightbulbs.com /tipsflash.html (6387 words)

	Flash synchronization controlling means for program type electric shutters - Patent 4143955
		A first switching circuit is utilized for controlling the shutter closing and a second switching circuit is connected to the first switching circuit and utilized for controlling the flash actuation in order that the flash synchronization controlling circuit may be simplified and to provide a very positive and stable flash synchronizing operation.
		The flash synchronization controlling circuit is arranged so that the switching operation of the second switching circuit can be effected earlier by a predetermined time interval than that of the first switching circuit.
		Thus, by properly setting the value of the variable resistor Ra by considering the lighting characteristic of the flash bulb L, the peak of the lighting can be made to coincide exactly with the fully opened position of the shutter blades.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4143955.html (3064 words)

	Ambitions4 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		This is because the flashlight from the built in flashes in the small aim and shoot cameras are not powerful enough to reach the subject beyond this distance.
		If you are using a SLR (Single Lens Reflex) camera with a separate camera mounted flash, do not exceed the flash synchronization shutter speed (1/60 or 1/125 secs.) marked distinctly on the shutter speed dial or as specified in your camera manual.
		If you are using a SLR camera with a separate camera mounted flash, check from the distance scale of the flash and select the appropriate aperture (f-16, 11, 8, 5.6, 4, 3.5, 2.8 etc) that has to be set on your lens.
	www.ambitions4.com /Shoot-Pub-View-Topic.asp?tpid=58 (821 words)

	Flash Synchronization Shutter Speed
		In other words, since the flash discharge starts and ends with zero, there is a point from zero to its peak so that the output is 1/3 of the peak.
		That a Coolpix can synchronize a flash at any shutter speed may be true for previous models.
		With 5700's 1/4000 sec shutter speed, this is not the case because 1/4000 sec is too short for the flash to reach its peak, and before the flash discharge completes, the shutter closes.
	www.cs.mtu.edu /~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/EXT-FLASH/BASICS/sync-speed.html (822 words)

	Forensic Photography for the Crime Scene Technician
		When in automatic flash, make sure the shutter speed dial is set to the flash synchronization speed e.
		Sets correct flash synchronization speed when the flash is in operation.
		The number of flashes and angle of the flashes will depend on the size and character of the scene.
	www.crime-scene-investigator.net /fet-ol.html (1548 words)

	Rebel 2000 & Speedlite 188A, flash synchronization and shutter speed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When taking flash pictures with cameras having a focal plane shutter you must never set the camera at a shutter speed faster than the recommended speed for synchronization, otherwise only a portion of the scene will be exposed to the flash.
		This technique is often used to photograph the movement of dancers - the flash records a sharp image of the subject while the ambient light and longer exposure records movement before and after the flash as a blur.
		However, in most picture-taking situations you should stick with the recommended flash synch speed - for example, it's risky to take flash portraits at slow shutter speeds because the subject may move slightly, creating a blur in what would otherwise be a sharp image.
	www.acecam.com /message/4849.html (446 words)

	Flash synchronization in 1/8000 with Nikon D70
		I set the flash power to M that means it will deliver the maximum light.
		I understand that typical flash duration is around 1/1000, so this could be the case.
		With its dedicated flash you can set shutter and aperture to any measures you want with the flash but it changes the speed to 250 as you fire.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=00ArJ6&unified_p=1 (1194 words)

	Nikon F4s synchronization w/ flash (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		I was under the impression that it should synchronize at 1/250.
		In P or A it is likely using 1/60 as a good place to leave shutter speed and is using the flash in TTL to control exposure.
		If you set the flash to rear curtain, it will sync at slower speeds than 1/60; this is available on the SB-24.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=006LYu (538 words)

	Olympus FL-50 Flashes
		The Super FP Flash Mode activates the flash from the instant the shutter opens until it closes again, allowing the flash to be used even at the highest shutter speeds.
		The flash reflector adjusts automatically in several steps during lens zooming to match the flash coverage to the lens angle of view.
		The flash unit has an AF assist illuminator that extends the range of the camera's focus assist illuminator from 7 to 10 meters.
	www.video-direct.com /olympus/digitalcameras/olympus-fl-50-flash.html (751 words)

	Synchronous Rhythmic Flashing Of Fireflies
		Of course, we recognize that whales and other cetaceans also seem to "talk" to one another, and that other animals employ their sense of smell for relaying messages.
		Buck has been studying flashing fireflies for over half a century.
		Contemporaneously, Otto and Smiley photographed group wave synchrony of flying fireflies in central Texas, Ohba recorded two frequencies of synchrony in a Japanese species and Cicero described spectacular and enigmatic bouts of chain-flashing, tightening into synchronized strings, by fireflies on the ground in, of all places, the Arizona desert.
	www.science-frontiers.com /sf061/sf061b08.htm (349 words)

	Create Sound Synchronization Magic in Flash, Part 1
		Using Flash MX or later, it is also possible to use the onSoundComplete event handler to execute code when the sound finishes playing.
		While this, and similar, methods offer solutions to some of the synchronization issues that face developers, none are particularly good at handling rapid events (many changes per second).
		The drum sounds, and synchronized visual cues, can be triggered with a very few lines of script simply by pre-analyzing a stereo drum track.
	www.devx.com /webdev/Article/27587 (894 words)

	stereoscopy.com - FAQ
		This topic applies to twin-camera setups, and refers to the difficulty of synchronizing the shutter mechanisms of two separate cameras.
		This is especially critical when using flash, due to the extremely short duration of typical flash units.
		This has the effect of ANDing the two camera hot shoe switches, causing the flash to not fire until both shutters are closed.
	www.stereoscopy.com /faq/shuttersync.html (162 words)

	Asahi Pentax MX SECTION TWO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The table on the next page shows which flash contact, which shutter speed and which flash bulb may be combined for maximum lamp efficiency.
		When using the hot shoe, there is no need to plug the flash cord into the X terminal on the front of the body.
		Before attaching the flash unit to the camera, you must remove the protective plug from the proper terminal.
	www.butkus.org /chinon/pentax_mx/pentax_mx-2.htm (2765 words)

	Century Graphic
		It also lacks a body-mounted shutter release, and is often found with a second-grade lens, such as a triplet, instead of the Tessar type lenses found on the miniature Speed/Crown Graphics.
		The standard low-cost Century Graphic has the 103mm Graflex Graftar f/4.5, an astigmat lens in the Century shutter, with built-in M-F flash synchronization and speeds from 1/10 to 1/200.
		Flash Synchronization is built into all normal Century Graphic lens-shuuter combinations and fitted with ASA flash contacts.
	graflex.org /speed-graphic/century-graphic.html (721 words)

	Create Sound Synchronization Magic in Flash, Part 2
		The benefits of using external sounds include access to the Sound object properties and methods, a greater ease in switching sounds on the fly, and the convenience of simply replacing the sound file if edits are required.
		The downside is that Flash has some problems tracking the sound position of external sounds if you stop and start playback.
		Whether you are an artist or a programmer, I hope this look at Flash sound synchronization has inspired you to use sound in creative ways.
	www.devx.com /webdev/Article/27924/0/page/2 (1186 words)

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