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Topic: Flashlight fish

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	Deep sea fish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fish that have evolved to adapt to these harsh environments are not capable of surviving in the environment to which we humans are familiar and any attempts to keep them in captivity have led to their deaths.
		Since many of these fish live in regions where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey, mates and avoiding predators; deep sea fish have evolved appropriately to the extreme sub-photic region in which they live.
		Many deep sea fish are bioluminescent, with extremely large eyes adapted to the dark, and they can have long feelers to help them locate prey or attract mates in the pitch dark of the deep ocean.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deep_sea_fish (523 words)

	Flashlight fish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are some unrelated fish that show similar phenomena to those that get the Anomalopidae their name, and some of these are also called flashlight fish.
		Flashlight fish Photoblepharon steinitzi (sometimes regarded as a subspecies of P.
		Chubby flashlight fish Electrona risso, found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flashlight_fish (329 words)

	Cold Fire in the Sea - Bioluminescence
		Among the most extraordinary nocturnal fishes, the eerily bioluminescent flashlight fish are seen only in the dead of night - made all the more fascinating by their light organs' uncanny resemblance to pairs of demonic eyes.
		When a school is chased, each flashlight fish takes evasive action, first dashing in one direction with lights on and then blinking off while darting away on a completely different course.
		Flashlight fish are the brightest of bioluminescent creatures.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/topics/p_biolumenescence.htm (1736 words)

	Deep sea fish
		Deep sea fish are the species of fish that live below the photic zone of the ocean.
		Because these fish live in regions where there is no natural illumination, they cannot rely solely on their eyesight for locating prey, their mates etc. Instead they have had to develop alternative methods.
		Many deep sea fish are luminous[?], with extremely large dark-adapted eyes.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/de/Deep_sea_fishes.html (87 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Dreaming of Farasan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Under each eye, this fish has an elliptical, sac-like organ full of light-producing bacteria; the organ is sizeable—about 17 millimeters (11/16") long, and thus larger than the fish's eye—and is equipped with an "eyelid" that allows the fish to turn the light on and off at will.
		The shrimp rarely leaves the hole unless the goby is on guard, and usually keeps one of its antennae in contact with the fish, for, of the two creatures, the goby has better vision and a greater sensitivity to low-frequency vibration.
		How newly hatched flashlight fish acquire their colonies of light-emitting bacteria is a puzzle still unsolved.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200001/dreaming.of.farasan.htm (2527 words)

	"Lighting the ocean depths"
		This was an encounter with the magnificent flashlight fish.
		Flashlight fish belong to the family Anomalopidae, which is a name derived from the Greek for "abnormal eye".
		Although not as spectacular as those of flashlight fish, light organs are also present in another species ranging as far south as Mossel Bay.
	www.museums.org.za /bio/articles/pank/lighting_the_ocean_depths.htm (885 words)

	@Sea \| Fathoming the Gulf Stream \| Feature Story
		For example, while the bioluminescent cheek lights on this deep-sea loosejaw fish may serve to locate prey in the dark, they probably also function in mate selection, since the light organs of males (Figure 3) are much larger than those of females (Figure 4).
		Because the body composition of this fish is 92% water, it was not killed by the enormous pressure differential, which would be lethal to any fish with a swim bladder.
		The flashlight fish seen in Video clip 1, for example, has a large light organ under each eye where bioluminescent bacteria grow in a nutrient-rich environment provided by the fish.
	www.at-sea.org /missions/fathoming/features/story7.html (1830 words)

	FLASHLIGHT FISH .... stinger flashlight, x5 flashlight, free flashlight, powerful flashlight, mini flashlight, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		FLASHLIGHT FISH : its two halves was thrust the face of Ivan Demianitch, an unkempt and grim-looking face.
		flashlight fish glanced at me with her melancholy eyes, flashlight fish very slightly bit the finger-nails of her left hand....
		FLASHLIGHT FISH : a pair of round spectacles with silver rims on his nose, he began passing his finger along the lines.
	www.dsllife.org /flashlight_fish.html (632 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the flashlight fish, the luminescent bacteria are closely packed in the light organ, and so the fish appears to glow in the dark.
		These fish, which are attracted to the bacteria’s light, pick up the bacteria and prevent them from settling on the bottom of the ocean, where there is less oxygen available.
		The fish might also benefit from allowing the bacteria to live in their body — the fish are able to glow due to the presence of luminescent bacteria, and this light might help them to spot food more easily in the dark ocean.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /sci_edu/waldron/pdf/LuminescentBacteriaProtocol.doc (490 words)

	At-Bristol Press Release -Glow-in-the-dark fish and bubbling bacteria in Wildwalk At-Bristol
		Flashlight fish are a rare species that have a light organ under each eye containing millions of luminous bacteria, which produce a lime-green glow.
		Bacteria have also been extracted from the flashlight fish and now live happily in Wildwalk in an environment that mimics that of the fishes’ light organ.
		Both the flashlight fish and bacteria need delicate handling so it’s been an interesting and complex project to design and deliver.
	www.at-bristol.org.uk /About/Press/191_flashlight.htm (594 words)

	Ship's Logs - Follow the Voyage - BeWorldWise (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Flashlight fish (family Anomalopidae) get their name from an organ found on the sides of their faces that gives off a very bright light.
		Flashlight fish generally live in deep, coral reef drop offs during the day and ascend to shallower waters at night to feed on prey lured by the bright light.
		Turning the flashlight on signaled the end of the dive and for a split second I was keenly disappointed.
	www.beworldwise.org /voyage/ship_logs.php?id=146&voyage_id=5 (934 words)

	G. David Johnson Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mechanisms of light organ occlusion in flashlight fishes, family Anomalopidae (Teleostei: Beryciformes), and the evolution of the family.
		A larva of the Atlantic flashlight fish, Kryptophanaron alfredi (Beryciformes: Anomalopidae), with a comparison of beryciform and stephanoberyciform larvae.
		On the homology of the posteriormost gill arch in polypterids (Cladistia, Actinopterygii).
	www.nmnh.si.edu /vert/fishpub/pubgdj.html (1086 words)

	The Cincinnati Enquirer -- Newport Aquarium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		There are red fish, blue fish, yellow fish, fl and white and multicolored fish as part of the Micronesian Palette display.
		Flashlight Fishes are capable of growing to 12 inches.
		Flashlight Fish: Flashlight Fish can wink by exposing and hiding sacs filled with light-producing bacteria under their eyes.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/1999/05/14/loc_bizarre_beautiful.html (724 words)

	SeaScope, Volume 6, Summer 1989
		Most flashlight fish mortalities, upon necropsy (autopsy) are found to harbor a pair of digenetic trematodes in the gall bladder.
		If several fish of the same species were obtained as a groups, it is usually assumed that the survivors are also carriers and they are treated accordingly.
		Also, the fish must be eating and thus producing feces, and the aquarist must be very lucky to be looking in the right place at the right time.
	www.petsforum.com /cis-fishnet/seascope/MA0158.htm (1560 words)

	Newsday.com - Our Natural World
		But the ocean is the primary home for animals that make their own light: Flashlight fish glow with patches of light along their sides and some jellyfish respond to stress by throwing hoops of light from their centers to the rims of their bell-shaped bodies.
		Fish also produce light for the same reason people flick a switch when they walk into a room: to see what they're doing.
		A school of small fish traveling en masse is often mistaken for larger fish by prospective predators.
	www.newsday.com /other/special/naturalworld/ny-natworld3614541jan11,0,5232772.story (849 words)

	[No title]
		The Flashlight Fish is also known as the Twofin Flashlight Fish or Lantern Fish and is recognized by having a fl body with a blue hue to its dorsal and caudal fins.
		One interesting fact about this species is that in certain locales around the world, skippers follow schools of Flashlight Fish in order to safely navigate through reef passes at night.
		These fish are extremely sensitive to copper sulfate and should never be exposed to this medication.
	www.liveaquaria.com /product/prod_Display.cfm?pCatId=1156&cc=1 (531 words)

	Dr. Toy's Vacation 1997 - 26
		There are many fish and sealife that live deep beneath the ocean.
		The child can learn more about the fish as they are each distinctive and accurate designs and by reading.
		Flashlights include a pony fish, a football fish, a hatchet fish and a pinecone fish.
	www.drtoy.com /1997_v/vac97-26.htm (296 words)

	LIGHTS ALIVE: Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Dinoflagellates are the most common sources of bioluminescence at the surface of the ocean.
		The flashlight fish has light organs under each eye.
		The flashlight fish uses these glowing bacteria-filled organs to locate or lure prey.
	www.sdnhm.org /kids/lightsalive/facts.html (225 words)

	ScienceDaily: Loud Noise Can Injure Fish Hearing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In the first ever study of the effects of loud man-made, or anthropogenic, sound on fish in the wild, University of Maryland professor Arthur N. Popper and his colleagues found that the injury to fish ears, and thus hearing, was even greater than they had anticipated.
		Fish migration -- Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis, on time scales ranging from daily to annual, and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers.
		Fish -- A fish is a poikilothermic (cold-blooded) water-dwelling vertebrate with gills.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/02/030210075908.htm (1836 words)

	Flashlight Fish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Noun: flashlight fish..Fish of deep dark waters having a light.....Part of: genus...
		flashlight led, emergency flashlight, flashlight no batteries, flashlight radio.
		FLASHLIGHT FISH : its two halves was thrust the face of Ivan Demianitch, an unkempt and...
	www.hot-flashlights.com /flashlight-fish (155 words)

	Bony Fishes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bony fishes represent an assembly of at least 23,000 described species, by far the most successful vertebrates.
		There are flat fishes with both eyes on one side of their heads (Picasso must have loved these!), and fishes with four eyes; fishes that shoot insects with a squirt gun and fishes that inflate into bulbous pincushions; fishes that walk miles overland in search of new ponds and species that glide through the air.
		Bony fishes are divided into several groups, but all share certain features.
	www.curator.org /LegacyVMNH/WebOfLife/Kingdom/P_Chordata/ClassOsteichthyes/bony_fishes.htm (189 words)

	[No title]
		Many fish like the flashlight fish have light organs next to their eyes which they use just like a flashlight to help them find food in the dark.
		You might ask why the really deep-sea fish (deeper than 1000 m) tend to be bigger than the midwater fish, and it appears that these deep-sea fish put most of their energy into growth, while the midwater species put more of their energy into reproduction.
		Also, a lot of the midwater fish are vertical migrators, meaning they move up into surface waters to feed at night, and drop back down to deeper waters during the day to hide from predators, and they use a fair amount of energy for these migrations as well.
	www.biolum.org /middle/qa/qatext.html (3628 words)

	Fish papers - 1997
		Photoblepharon rosenblatti, a new genus and species of flashlight fish (Beryciformes:Anomalopidae) from the tropical South Pacific, with comments on anomalopid phylogeny.
		Fricke R. Tripterygiid fishes of the western and central Pacific, with descriptions of 15 new species, including an annotated checklist of world Tripterygiidae (Teleostei).
		Revision of the Serranid fishes of the subtribe Pseudogrammina with descriptions of five new species.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/collections/papers/1997.htm (516 words)

	Aquarium of the Pacific (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		While the light is produced constantly, the fish turn the light “on and off” by raising and lowering a membrane (similar to an eyelid), that veils the photophore.
		Predators are confused by the use of a “blink and run” strategy, in which the fish rapidly swim in one direction with their lights “on”, then switch directions and swim with the lights “off”.- somewhat like turning a flashlight on and off.
		This is an example of a mutalistic relationship—the fish benefit from the bacteria providing them with light and the bacteria benefit by getting nutrients and oxygen from the fishes’ blood, as well as a safe home.
	www.aquariumofpacific.org /ANIMAL_DATABASE/ADBprint.asp?id=76 (531 words)

	No Batteries Required - Flashlight Fish. - Diver September 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The lumphead wrasse are still there, large blue-green fish a metre or more long, with strange, deformed pinkish bumps on their heads.
		We have come looking for flashlight fish, with the twin luminous patches below their eyes which blink on and off, and to see them, our torches must be switched off.
		I know the fish are a few centimetres long, a couple of metres away, but it is difficult to judge the scale; do these lights represent tiny creatures close to me or distant galaxies light years away?
	www.divernet.com /biolog/0900flash.htm (1164 words)

	CNN.com - Squid's 'flashlight' intrigues scientists - Jan. 10, 2004
		While the squid may not command the respect of say, the king of the jungle, or even its ocean neighbor the great white shark, scientists say this invertebrate can be very savvy.
		The Hawaiian sea creature's light is made possible by its own proteins, and also because of a symbiotic relationship the squid has with a bacteria, the light-emitting Vibrio fischeri.
		Other ocean animals have light reflectors -- best known among them the odd-looking lantern fish and the flashlight fish that live in the darkest depths of the ocean.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/science/01/10/coolsc.squidflashlight (523 words)

	Grade 5 Sample Items ~ What will the reading test look like? ~ Standards ~ School Improvement in Maryland
		The flashlight fish switches its light on and off with a kind of eyelid that covers the light organ.
		Flashlight fishes live in warm, tropical oceans throughout the world, but they are difficult to find because they hide in underwater caves until it is completely dark.
		Looking up, a predator would not see the fish's body, only a weak light that is not shaped like a fish.
	www.mdk12.org /mspp/k_8/grade5_reading.html (787 words)

	Marine Megastars - Planet Ocean - DiscoverySchool.com
		Flashlight fish not only carry their own light, but they can turn it on and off at will.
		That's because they have a special flap of muscle that can be raised and lowered like a window shade to cover the pockets of glowing bacteria beneath their eyes.
		If spotted by a predator, flashlight fish can quickly "turn off": their lights or use a flash-and-run technique in which they shine their lights and then swim away while their enemy figures out what just happened.
	school.discovery.com /schooladventures/planetocean/light.html (272 words)

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