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Topic: Flat Earth

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	The Myth of the Flat Earth / Compiled by Norman Swartz
		The physicist and the astolog both prove that the earth is round; the physicist by reference to gravity.
		One is from the shape of the earth's shadow on the moon during an eclipse of the moon.
		On the other hand, the ancient Hebrews, like all of their contemporaries, were flat earthers, and their flat earth cosmology is written between the lines in numerous passages of the Hebrew Bible.
	www.sfu.ca /philosophy/swartz/flat_earth.htm (3190 words)

	Flat Earthism (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Flat Earthism likely disappeared when Charles Johnson, the last head of the Flat Earth Society, died in 2001.
		Those new to the flat Earth should know that Zion, Illinois (on Lake Michigan between Chicago and Milwaukee) was in the first quarter of the 20th century headquarters of Christian Catholic Apostolic Church run by John Alexander Dowie and subsequently by Wilbur Glenn Voliva:
		The pancake Earth model, with the North Pole at the center, is instructive.
	www.geocities.com /lclane2/flatearth.html (283 words)

	The Flat Earth Myth by Thomas E. Woods, Jr.
		The fact is that the earth’s sphericity was attested to by the overwhelming consensus of European Christian thinkers; the idea of a flat earth, to the extent it was raised at all, was positively ridiculed.
		It was precisely the accuracy of their knowledge of the earth that made them skeptical: they correctly concluded that Columbus had drastically underestimated the size of the earth, and that therefore he and his men would starve to death before they made it to the Indies.
		Although he conceded that a few theologians knew the earth was a sphere, Letronne put forth the idea that the vast bulk were foolish believers in a flat earth.
	www.lewrockwell.com /woods/woods46.html (1561 words)

	Flat Earth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saint Cyril of Jerusalem (315–386) saw Earth as a firmament floating on water (though the relevant quotation is found in the course of a sermon to the newly baptized, and it is unclear whether he was speaking poetically or in a physical sense).
		In Inventing the Flat Earth: Columbus and Modern Historians, Jeffrey Russell (professor of history at University of California, Santa Barbara) claims that the Flat Earth theory is a fable used to impugn pre-modern civilization, especially that of the Middle Ages in Europe.
		In Rudyard Kipling's The Village that Voted the Earth was Flat, the unnamed narrator and some friends are unjustly fined for a minor offence by a crooked village magistrate and his accomplices in the police.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flat_Earth (5084 words)

	Flat Earth Society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Flat Earth Society is an organization first based in England and later in Lancaster, California that advocates the belief that the Earth is not a sphere but is flat (see flat Earth).
		The last world model propagated by the Flat Earth Society holds that humans live on a disc, with the North Pole at its center and a 150-foot (~45 meter) high wall of ice at the outer edge.
		California Indie band Wilderness Survival release a song entitled "Flat Earth Society Gala" on their 2005 debut "Stereotypes and Types of Stereos." With a chorus that includes the phrase "a banquet of fools" the song title refers to the tight knit group tendencies of drug addicts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flat_Earth_Society (1875 words)

	Does the Bible teach that the Earth is flat?
		Is. 40:22 It is he that sitteth upon the circle of the earth, and the inhabitants thereof are as grasshoppers; that stretcheth out the heavens as a curtain, and spreadeth them out as a tent to dwell in...
		It is far from clear that any of the original verses cited referring to the "ends" of the "earth" are indicating a flat earth with edges.
		A minor point on this verse - it is sometimes alleged that this indicates a flat earth, for on a globe, east does meet west.
	www.tektonics.org /af/earthshape.html (5615 words)

	Flat Earth - About Us (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Flat Earth - About Us Flat Earth was established in 1996 as an expert consultancy specializing in network security.
		Flat Earth representatives are Certified Security Professionals who have significant experience within many different environments, platforms and topologies.
		Flat Earth is committed to customizing an ongoing security solution that best suits your company's needs.
	www.flatearth.net /about_us.htm (190 words)

	The Bible says: The Earth is flat!
		The earth is not flat, as once thought and it has no corners or ends at all.
		This verse does imply that the earth is circular, but there is nothing either in the underlying Hebrew word (hug) or in the context which necessarily implies anything more than the circularity of the flat earth-disc which the historical context and Genesis 1 have given us as the meaning of.
		That phrase "the circle of the earth" in no way implies sphericity is confirmed by the fact that in Egypt this phrase was used to refer to the earth as a flat circular disc.
	www.answering-christianity.com /earth_flat.htm (2108 words)

	Who invented the flat Earth? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Next was sixth century Eastern Greek Christian, Cosmas Indicopleustes, who claimed the Earth was flat and lay beneath the heavens (consisting of a rectangular vaulted arch).
		Its theme was the victory of a lone believer in a spherical Earth over a united front of Bible-quoting, superstitious ignoramuses, convinced the Earth was flat.
		In fact, not only did the church not promote the flat Earth, it is clear from such passages as Isaiah 40:22 that the Bible implies it is spherical.
	www.christiananswers.net /q-aig/aig-c034.html (1197 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Flat Earth: The History of an Infamous Idea: Christine Garwood: Books
		The concept of the Flat Earth may be a unique example of how a fact (the globularity of the Earth) could be established very early in the development of the rational analysis of nature, only to be rejected by a minor, but vociferous, cohort of "true believers".
		Flat Earth ideas continued to be advanced in the late 1960s and early 1970s, as both an academic jest with serious anti-establishment overtones by the International Flat Earth Society of Canada, and as a continuation of Zetetic thinking by other groups.
		Unlike the Flat Earth theorists, however, anti-evolutionists are not simply going to fade away and their influence is now felt in American classrooms and textbooks.
	www.amazon.co.uk /Flat-Earth-History-Infamous-Idea/dp/140504702X (2420 words)

	flat
		If the Earth were flat, the entire ship would come into view at once as soon as it came close enough to shore.
		First, he noted that Earth’s shadow always took a circular bite out of the moon during a lunar eclipse, which would only be possible with a spherical Earth.
		On a flat Earth, the positions of the stars wouldn’t vary with a person’s location.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/hawking/universes/html/univ_flat.html (272 words)

	The Myth of the Flat Earth
		The idea that the uncouth people of the Middle Ages thought the Earth was flat is an example of the myth that has been propagated since the nineteenth century to give us a quite unfair view of this vibrant and exciting period.
		According to Jeffrey Burton Russell here, the invention of the flat Earth myth can be laid at the feet of Washington Irving, who included it in his historical novel on Columbus, and the wider idea that the everyone in the Middle Ages was deluded has been widely accepted ever since.
		The flat Earth is discussed in chapter 2 and one can almost sense White's confusion that hardly any of the sources support his hypothesis that Christians widely believed in it.
	www.bede.org.uk /flatearth.htm (1444 words)

	SF Hub: Flat Earth Society Archive
		The Flat Earth Society was founded in 1956 by Samuel Shenton, a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society and the Royal Geographic Society, as a successor to the 19th century Universal Zetetic Society.
		The Flat Earth Society devised detailed arguments, based on scientific observations and references to the Bible, to support their claim that the Earth is a motionless disc not an orbiting globe.
		The Flat Earth Society argued that the accepted scientific belief in the spherical Earth was a delusion, that the curvature of the Earth was attributable to atmospheric refraction and that the Moon landings were a hoax.
	www.sfhub.ac.uk /flatearth.htm (452 words)

	Flat Earth FAQ - Read This!
		The Flat Earth Society Forums' goal is to promote the free discussion of The Flat Earth Theory as well as the free discussion of and debate of any topic of interest to our members that do not contradict Forum Rules.
		The Earth would continue accelerating upwards past you at a rate of 1g, so it would appear to you that you were falling into space.
		The magnetic north pole is on the underside of the Earth.
	theflatearthsociety.org /forum/index.php?topic=11211.0 (2501 words)

	The International Square Earth Society
		It is a well-established Biblical fact that the Earth is flat and immobile.
		In order for the Earth to have four quarters, it must be of a shape that is divisible into four pieces that are all exactly the same shape and size as one another, i.e.
		Charles K. Johnson of the International Flat Earth Society has already demonstrated that every picture of the "Earth" as seen from "space" was faked.
	pw1.netcom.com /~rogermw/square_earth.html (2046 words)

	The Flat Earth.
		The shape of the curved shadow of the earth on the moon during eclipses.
		The flat earth idea was revived in the 18th century by the followers of a eccentric English sectarian and tailor, Lodowick Muggleton.
		Johnson used Biblical authority to assert that the earth is a flat disk with the North pole at the center and a wall of ice in the Antarctic regions, surrounding the whole perimeter of the earth disk.
	www.lhup.edu /~dsimanek/flat/flateart.htm (5021 words)

	Ethical Atheist - Flat Earth eBook - CHAPTER 5
		Used the lunar eclipse to estimate the relative sizes of the earth and moon from the curvature of the moon and the curvature of the earth's shadow on the moon.
		opposed to inhabited antipodes, not a spherical earth.
		Later, he concludes that the earth must be a sphere, not shapes proposed by in earlier times: "The earth together with its surrounding waters must in fact have such a shape as its shadow reveals, for it eclipses the moon with the arc of a perfect circle.
	www.ethicalatheist.com /docs/flat_earth_myth_ch5.html (12705 words)

	The Flat Earth and its Advocates: A List of References: Science Reference Guides (Science Reference Services, Library ...
		The earth being flat instead of round, the sun is not stationary but moves.
		It was not without significance that the ancient Hebrews, whose views were reflected in Scripture, conceived the earth as a flat disk covered over by the dome of the heavens...
		White, Arthur V. The shape of the earth; some proofs for the spherical shape of the earth given in astronomical and geographical text-books examined, and shown to be unsound.
	www.loc.gov /rr/scitech/SciRefGuides/flatearth.html (1245 words)

	Flat Earth in the Bible
		Certainly, if the earth were flat, standing atop "an exceedingly high mountain" would allow Jesus to see the whole earth, but there is no mountain tall enough to allow him to see the other side of a spherical earth.
		The tree grew and became strong, and its top reached to heaven, and it was visible to the end of the whole earth.
		If the Bible writer had meant for us to believe that "circle of the earth" meant that the earth was round, the writer would have used the Hebrew word for "ball," which is duwr.
	sol.sci.uop.edu /~jfalward/Flat_Earth.htm (729 words)

	When The Earth Was Flat
		When the Earth was flat, sailors must have had incredible difficulty coming to grips with the concept of circumnavigation.
		When the captain was enlightened, as was undoubtedly the case of Henry the Navigator or quite some time later, Christopher Columbus, their crews still harbored fears of falling off the edge of the Earth.
		When the Earth was flat, just about everyone knew that it would be terribly easy to fall off the edge except for sea dogs who had witnessed tall ships sink beneath the horizon on a regular basis.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/1071/108829 (468 words)

	The Flat Earth Myth
		In the case of the Flat Error, as Russell calls it, there has been a conviction that the medieval period was a dark age, and that scholarship was at a low ebb and that suppression prevailed.
		The Flat Earth Myth has been entangled with other erroneous ideas, such as the Dark Age, and the opposition of religion to science and so on.
		Russell suggests that advocates of the Flat Error may be struggling with fears far worse than the fear of falling off the edge of the earth.
	nabataea.net /flatearth.html (1466 words)

	Documenting the Existence of "The International Flat Earth Society"
		Precisely the opposite viewpoint is expressed by the reference to the "four corners of the earth," and by the parable of Jesus being shown "all the kingdoms of the earth" from the top of a mountain -- clearly impossible for a sphere, but reasonable for a flat surface.
		The International Flat Earth Society is the oldest continuous Society existing on the world today.
		The Fact the Earth is Flat is not my opinion, it is a Proved Fact.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/flatearth.html (1344 words)

	The Flat-Earth Bible (Site not responding. Last check: )
		If one views the earth as an architectural structure with floor, curtain walls, and a roof, it is natural to assume it has foundations (and, I might add, a cornerstone).
		This place is the (ultimate) end of heaven and earth: it is the prison house for the stars and the powers of heaven.
		Lastly the phrase 'to the ends of the earth' (if it is an accurate translation anyway) is still used in everyday speech by people who know quite well that the earth is round and has no end, no corners etc. So you guys are really stretching in order to insult Christianity.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/692144/posts (5556 words)

	Who invented the flat earth?
		Next was sixth century Eastern Greek Christian, Cosmas Indicopleustes, who claimed the Earth was flat and lay beneath the heavens (consisting of a rectangular vaulted arch).
		Its theme was the victory of a lone believer in a spherical Earth over a united front of Bible-quoting, superstitious ignoramuses, convinced the Earth was flat.
		In fact, not only did the church not promote the flat Earth, it is clear from such passages as Isaiah 40:22 that the Bible implies it is spherical.
	www.answersingenesis.org /creation/v16/i2/flatearth.asp (942 words)

	The Flat-Earth Bible by Robert J. Schadewald (and other 'Flat Earth' Goodies)
		The earth was created on the first day, and it was "without form and void (Genesis 1:2)." On the second day, a vault, the "firmament" of the King James version, was created to divide the waters, some being above and some below the vault.
		Disregarding the dome, the essential flatness of the earth's surface is required by verses like Daniel 4:10-11.
		FLAT, heavily populated by University of Kansas faculty, facetiously says POSH is wrong to focus only on evolution and suggests that the Earth is flat because the Bible says so.
	www.positiveatheism.org /writ/flatearth.htm (3250 words)

	The Flat-Earth Bible.
		In Daniel, the king “saw a tree of great height at the centre of the earth...reaching with its top to the sky and visible to the earth's farthest bounds.” If the earth were flat, a sufficiently tall tree would be visible to “the earth's farthest bounds,” but this is impossible on a spherical earth.
		If one views the earth as an architectural structure with floor, curtain walls, and a roof, it is natural to assume it has foundations (and, I might add, a cornerstone).
		Also strained is Bouw's interpretation of “the ends of the earth” as the points most distant from Jerusalem, and his identification of the Chukchi Peninsula of the Soviet Union, Alaska, Cape Horn, and the southeastern tip of Australia as the “four corners” of the earth.
	www.lhup.edu /~dsimanek/febible.htm (4466 words)

	Flat Earth in the Bible
		The author of the book of Revelation wrote in flat earth fashion: "I saw four angels standing on the four corners of the earth" (Rev. 7:1); and added elsewhere, "There was a great earthquake...
		And just as those stars were "fixed" there, they would one day "fall to earth" like "figs" from a shaken tree after the earth below had experienced "a great earthquake," because to the ancients the whole of creation consisted of merely two halves, the earth below and the heavens above.
		On the biblical flat earth passages, and the intolerance of famous icons of Protestant faith, Luther and Calvin.
	www.edwardtbabinski.us /tektonics/flat_earth_bible.html (1446 words)

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