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	Flatworm - MSN Encarta
		Three main classes are included in the flatworm phylum: tapeworms, which in the adult stage are parasitic in the digestive tracts of animals; flukes, which are parasitic in various parts of different animals; and planarians, which are free-living and nonparasitic.
		Although flatworms are almost all hermaphroditic (both male and female reproductive organs are present in each individual), the eggs and sperm are formed separately.
		Flatworms also are able to reproduce asexually both by binary fission—that is, by pinching themselves apart to become two—and by regeneration, producing an entire new worm from a piece that has been cut off.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761569587 (468 words)

	Flatworm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flatworms are the simplest triploblastic animals with organs.
		However, flatworms do have a bilateral nervous system; they are the simplest animals to have one.
		Flatworms were formerly considered to be basal among the protostomes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Platyhelminthes (828 words)

	Flatworm - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Flatworm, common name for soft-bodied, usually parasitic animals, the simplest of animals possessing heads.
		Fluke (parasite), common name for any member of a class of parasitic flatworms.
		Turbellarian, group of flatworms known for their remarkable ability to regenerate lost body parts.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Flatworm.html (84 words)

	brains: University of Utah News Release: October 9, 2002
		A flatworm is killed and injected with a genetic "probe" attached to dye.
		Flatworms are able to regenerate missing heads, tails or other body parts because they have "totipotent" stem cells, which are cells that can develop into any kind of cell within the organism.
		Flatworm and human brains are so different that the human gene probably is not involved in keeping our brains in our skulls, he says.
	www.utah.edu /unews/releases/02/oct/brains.html (1414 words)

	Introduction to the Platyhelminthes
		The simplest animals that are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic (composed of three fundamental cell layers) are the Platyhelminthes, the flatworms.
		Flatworms have no body cavity other than the gut (and the smallest free-living forms may even lack that!) and lack an anus; the same pharyngeal opening both takes in food and expels waste.
		If this latter view is correct, then most of the flatworms may belong to the Lophotrochozoa, a large group within the animal kingdom that includes molluscs and earthworms, while the rest belong near the base of animal diversity.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /platyhelminthes/platyhelminthes.html (759 words)

	flatworm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Flatworms spend most of their time on the bottom, especially since they can't swim.
		A flatworm is able to stretch part of its mouth and use it to suck the juices of its prey.
		Flatworms are less active when the water is very warm or when they are fully fed.
	www.fcps.k12.va.us /StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/flatworm.htm (507 words)

	Pests Invading the Reef Aquarium Hobby: Part 2 - Flatworms, Snails & Limpets
		While Flatworms, also known as Planaria, can become a problem in just about any saltwater aquarium; the aquaculture industry has encountered two distinct types of flatworms that are now fairly common in the United States.
		The Acropora-Eating Flatworm can be recognized by the rapid tissue loss in certain colonies of Acropora, and their presence will be known by the gold to brown egg masses that they leave behind on the bare coral skeletons.
		Flatworms are very sensitive to salinity changes; by dipping the colony in dechlorinated freshwater for 5 to 10 seconds and then shaking the colony while submerged in the bath of freshwater, will cause the worms to lose their grip and fall to the bottom of the container.
	www.liveaquaria.com /general/general.cfm?general_pagesid=362 (1979 words)

	Short Take - Gregory Schiemer
		This is a non-parasitic flatworm that presumably feeds on algae and detritus in the aquarium.
		These flatworms are apparently distasteful to most fish because they accumulate toxic substances within their bodies.
		As they come upon a flatworm, they fold part of their body and form a straw-like proboscis that they use to "suck" up the worms.
	www.advancedaquarist.com /issues/may2002/short.htm (571 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News: Latest News - Flatworm Attack
		It didn't take long for lab technician Raphael Ritson-Williams to realize that the pancake-shaped flatworm he had collected during a biodiversity study in the coral reefs around the Pacific Island of Guam was, at least to some of its ecosystem mates, a deadly menace.
		The scientists figured the killer flatworm used a chemical agent to extract the cowry.
		Using standard analytical techniques, Ritson-Williams and Paul and Mari Yotsu-Yamashita of Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, discovered tetrodotoxin and a few analogs in the flatworm's tissues, particularly in the animal's feeding organ.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/news/84/i08/8408flatworm.html (368 words)

	Factsheetabout New Zealand flatworm
		Flatworms were probably introduced into the UK in the soil in pot plants sent or brought from New Zealand.
		Flatworm ‘eggs’; or capsules are shiny fl, just under 1cm long, and like a mis-shapen flcurrant.
		Flatworms are most active near the soil surface, so deeper burrowing earthworms are more likely to survive despite the presence of flatworms.
	www.organicgardening.org.uk /factsheets/pc21.php (928 words)

	Wildlife News: New Zealand Flatworm
		The New Zealand flatworm, for instance, appears to be able to survive for over a year without feeding.
		The New Zealand flatworm typically adopts a coiled position when at rest and can be found covered in mucus under rocks or other objects on the ground.
		One of the biggest problems with recording the spread of flatworms is that so little is known about this group of animals.
	www.wildlifenews.co.uk /article/nzfw.htm (950 words)

	Salifert Flatworm Exit Information - Marine Depot - Marine and Reef Aquarium Super Store
		However, the body juice of flatworms can be toxic to some reef inhabitants when present in a too high concentration.
		The most important factors are reducing the number of flatworms before commencing with the treatment and reducing the amount of the flatworm's body juice, released when they die, as fast as possible.
		Any body juice released by the dead flatworms in the water has to be reduced further by using about 1 pound of fresh high quality carbon for every 50 gallons.
	www.marinedepot.com /aquarium_medications_salifert_flatworm_aiptasia_exit_information.asp?CartId=<=CartID (461 words)

	A Field Guide To Flatworm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Flatworm is a Java library intended to allow a developer to describe the format of a flat file using an XML definition file, and then to be able to automatically read lines from that file, and have one or more beans be instantiated for each logical record.
		Eventually, Flatworm will also be able to produce flat files from beans and the same definition file.
		Flatworm processes record definitions in the order they are defined in the file, and applies the first on that successfully matches.
	flatworm.sourceforge.net (1646 words)

	Circulatory system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An example of an animal with no circulatory system is the flatworm (phylum Platyhelminthes).
		The digestive system is very branched, and because the worm is so flat, digested materials can be diffused to all the cells of the flat worm.
		Oxygen can diffuse from water into the cells of the flatworm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Circulatory_system (1198 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| N Ireland \| Scientists fight back against 'killer worm'
		Northern Ireland scientists believe a tiny gnat may be the answer to a giant sized problem posed by New Zealand flatworms which are devastating the local earthworm population.
		The spread of the New Zealand flatworm is a serious issue for farmers, gardeners and fishermen who are already reporting shortages of earthworms for bait.
		The flatworm was first discovered in the province almost 40 years ago.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2039580.stm (465 words)

	A Hotlist on Flatworms
		Flatworms, or Phylum Platyhelminthes, come in many forms- from the parasitic Trematoda and Cestoda (more commonly called flukes and tapeworms), to the non-parasitic Turbellaria class (also known as planarians).
		Flatworms eat and get rid of waste through the same opening in their body and they are bilaterally symmetrical.
		Flatworms - If you're already the expert on flatworms and want to learn more, especially about bilateral symmetry, this is the site to go to.
	www.kn.pacbell.com /wired/fil/pages/listflatwormmi.html (816 words)

	Melev's Reef - Flatworm Removal
		If they get to the point of overpopulating the tank, there is the possibility that they may die suddenly all at once, and the toxin they release at death can cause further deaths and even wipe out a tank entirely.
		The issue is that if many flatworms die at once, their toxins reach lethal levels quickly and this, not the product, can lead to deaths in your tank.
		I dosed the tank with approx 60 drops of the chemical (1 drop per gallon), and the flatworms started to come out into the open, and died.
	www.melevsreef.com /flatworms.html (935 words)

	References
		Haria, A. Hydrological and environmental impact of earthworm depletion by the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata).
		Jones, H. and Boag, B. The distribution of the New Zealand and Australian terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) in the British Isles - the Scottish survey and MEGALAB WORMS.
		Flatworm infestation of commercial earthworm farms in Australia.
	flatworm.csl.gov.uk /refs.htm (4325 words)

	Science News for Kids: Snapshot: Killer Flatworms Hunt with Poison (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Five years ago, marine biologist Raphael Ritson-Williams was collecting flatworms in the waters around the Pacific island of Guam, when he found a new species.
		The flatworms appear to enclose the shelled creatures with toxin-laced water.
		A newly discovered flatworm from Guam wraps its body around a cowrie in its shell, paralyzes it with a nerve toxin, and pulls out the cowrie's red body in about half an hour and leaves the shell behind.
	www.sciencenewsforkids.org /articles/20060222/Note2.asp (428 words)

	Various Authors, "Flatworm Eradication" ... www.reefs.org
		The dying flatworms are releasing their personal toxin into the water column as they die (melt/dissolve actually), and it irritates the hell out of all sorts of things.
		I made ready some airline tubing and a bucket, and as the flatworms started dying (they turn brown, curl up, and float away from whatever they were clinging to) I then slowly, meticulously, so as not to stir the water so much, siphoned the dead little buggers outta the tank.
		The whole trick is to get most of the dead flatworms outta the tank before the dissolve and release their poisons.
	www.reefs.org /library/article/flatworm_eradication.html (1583 words)

	NZ Flatworm page
		The new Zealand flatworm (Arthurdendyus triangularus) is a predator of Earthworms which was discovered in the UK in 1963.
		Once the NZ flatworm has invaded a local habitat it can be very difficult, if not impossible, to eliminate, particularly as the population is unlikely to be limited to just one garden.
		Suspected flatworms should be packed live in a crushproof container with some damp paper or moss.
	www.kitchengardens.dial.pipex.com /flatworm.htm (933 words)

	Parasite Satan-as (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because the coming of the flatworm satan-as is like the growing of a mushroom.
		This angel, which took the form of a giant flatworm creature, bears the name of "mighty sun of God".
		Shamshiel rules the 4th Heaven, served as a guardian of Eden, and is said to be one of the chief aides of the Archangel Uriel.
	www.awareware.com /files/parasite.htm (175 words)

	Flatworm
		Flatworms are the simplest of the worm groups.
		Flatworms are found in marine and fresh water.
		When a flatworm is split up it immediately forms a new flatworm.
	www.mcwdn.org /Animals/Flatworm.html (270 words)

	Biodiversity Invs
		A flatworm gliding along under the surface of the water.
		If its prey food is large, then the flatworm will cover it with slime, then suck off a bit at a time.
		Flatworms can be seen gliding along under the surface of the water.
	www.naturegrid.org.uk /biodiversity/invert/flatworm.html (257 words)

	collision detection: New species of flatworm fences with its penis
		Apparently some Australian scientists have discovered a new species of flatworm that fences with its penis.
		The new flatworms are all hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female parts.
		The first to penetrate inserts sperm and then goes on to spar with another flatworm, while the "loser" lays and broods the eggs.
	www.collisiondetection.net /mt/archives/2006/02/apparently_some.html (272 words)

	flatworm on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Killer flatworm: new species hunts with puffer fish toxin.
		Flatworm gene prevents an abundance of brains.(The Dallas Morning News)
		Science: Attack of the killer worms; At first, no one seemed terribly troubled by the mysterious arrival in Britain of a carnivore flatworm from Down Under.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-flatworm.asp (149 words)

	Flatworm - Waterman and Hill-Traveller's Companion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Flatworms are enigmatic little creatures that live (sparingly) under pond detritus and (abundantly) in spring runs.
		Flatworms, while lacking anything that even remotely resembles a brain, can be taught to run simple mazes.
		Interestingly, investigators involved in flatworm education have discovered that should an educated flatworm be ground up and fed to its uneducated brethren the uneducated (but now well-fed) flatworms are able to run the maze just as if they had learned it themselves.
	www.naturealmanac.com /natural_events/f/flatworm.html (141 words)

	[No title]
		Use a dropper to transfer the flatworm to a petri dish.
		Examine the structure of the flatworm under the lowest power of your microscope.
		Using the paint brush, move the flatworm to another petri dish that contains a small amount of food.
	www.ea.pvt.k12.pa.us /FileBank/Eax_FileBank_FileName_3292_YB405HP.doc (283 words)

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