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Topic: Flavivirus

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	Medmicro Chapter 54
		Flavivirus, once classified in the Togaviridae, now constitutes one of three genera in the family Flaviviridae; the other two genera are Pestivirus and "Hepatitis C-like viruses".
		Flavivirus proteins arise by co- or post-translational cleavage of the polyprotein encoded by the genome.
		Humans are infected with this subgroup of flavivirus through the bite of infected ticks, and thousands of cases may occur annually in the region of the Eurasian continent between central Europe and western Siberia.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch054.htm (6602 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		a recombinant flavivirus vaccine is an amount of recombinant flavivirus that is effective in a route of administration to elicit an immune response effective to reduce or inhibit tumor cell growth, to reduce tumor cell mass or tumor cell numbers, or to reduce the likelihood that a tumor will form.
		Compositions comprising a recombinant flavivirus of the invention may include a buffer, which is selected according to the desired use of the recombinant flavivirus, and may also include other substances appropriate to the intended use.
		Where the recombinant flavivirus comprises an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a TAA, the subject may be one that is known to have cancer, is suspected of having cancer, or does not have cancer, but in whom immunity to cancer is to be induced.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/53467.010726&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (10192 words)

	Flavivirus Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The yellow fever virus, the first flavivirus shown to cause a human disease, is frequently used as a model to describe the flavivirus genus, whose members share similar molecular and pathological properties, for instance, protein and genetic composition, replication mechanism, and infection pathway.
		The tick-borne encephalitis virus, for instance, is a flavivirus transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes, which thrive in temperate regions of Russia and Europe.
		However, not all recombinant viruses created in the laboratory will be living or functional like their parental strains, because the survival of a flavivirus depends on many factors, most importantly, whether or not the genes needed for survival are present in its RNA, and whether or not they are combined in the correct order.
	www.health.state.nd.us /EPR/public/viral/FlavivirusFact.htm (2546 words)

	Structures of immature flavivirus particles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the immature flavivirus particle structure, as in alphaviruses, the monomers within a trimer are tilted upwards with their fusion peptides appropriately directed towards the host cell membrane (Figure 5C).
		The immature flavivirus particle, with its 60 trimeric spikes, appears to be poised for fusion.
		Thus flavivirus particles participate in a series of dramatic reorganizations during their life cycle, reflecting the dynamic properties of the virion and its component proteins.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v22/n11/full/7590680a.html (6518 words)

	Scientists solve first flavivirus structure
		The flavivirus family includes a number of dangerous insect-borne diseases such as dengue, West Nile, yellow fever, tick-borne encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis.
		Because all flavivirus are closely related, Kuhn says studying the structure of the dengue virus will reveal strategies that can be used to study other viruses in the family.
		The first structure of a flavivirus has been determined by using a combination of cryo-electron microscopy and fitting of the known structure of glycoprotein E into the electron density map.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-03/pu-ssf030402.php (1304 words)

	- Vol 25 No 2, April 2001
		Flavivirus activity was detected in 7 of the 12 flocks with 8 seroconversions occurring in January 2001 and 5 in February 2001.
		The number of chickens positive for flavivirus antibodies by ELISA at each site and the identity of the infecting virus(es) are shown in Table 5.
		Flavivirus activity was again detected in New South Wales in March 2001 but not in April.
	www.health.gov.au /internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-pubs-cdi-2001-cdi2502-cdi2502d.htm (1267 words)

	CDC - West Nile Virus: A Reemerging Global Pathogen
		WN virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus) (10), was first isolated in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda (11).
		The 2000 WN virus outbreak in humans and birds in Israel was caused by cocirculation of both the ROM96 and the Isr98 variants of WN virus (33; C. Banet, manuscript in preparation).
		Although these are the first reports of two genetic variants of WN virus causing a single WN encephalitis outbreak in humans and birds, similar mixed human flavivirus outbreaks have been documented for dengue virus (34).
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no4/petersen.htm (3244 words)

	Chimeric flavivirus vaccines - US Patent 6696281 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Flavivirus proteins are produced by translation of a single long open reading frame to generate a polyprotein, and a complex series of post-translational proteolytic cleavages of the polyprotein by a combination of host and viral proteases, to generate mature viral proteins (Amberg et al., J. Virol.
		The goals of this experiment were to (i) determine the viremia profile of the vaccine candidate, using YF 17D and wild type dengue 2 virus controls, (ii) compare neutralizing antibody responses to the vaccine candidate and wildtype virus, and (iii) determine minimum dose required for protection against challenge with wild type dengue-2 virus.
		In this study, CHIMERIVAX-JE™ (chimeric flavivirus vaccine comprising Japanese Encephalitis virus prM and E proteins), virus was compared to its parent viruses (YF17D and JE SA14-14-2), as well as to wild type JE SA14 virus, for its ability to replicate in Culex tritaeniorhyncus, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6696281.html (19301 words)

	Flaviviruses, Flavivirus
		They are widely distributed throughout the world with the exception of the polar region, although a specific flavivirus may be geographically restricted to a continent or a particular part.
		The flavivirus family is divided into 7 subgroup of viruses.
		Flavivirus encephalitides are either mosquito- borne, tick-borne, or have an unknown vector.
	virology-online.com /viruses/Arboviruses4.htm (3245 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Immunization with heterologous flaviviruses pro... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		In the case of dengue, enhancement of virus replication by heterologous flavivirus antibodies and T-cell activation are thought to occur in some patients during a second or sequential dengue infection, resulting in hemorrhagic fever or shock (15,16).
		Thirty-one days after infection, the HI antibody response had become broadly cross-reactive with the four Flavivirus antigens, although the highest titer was still to WNV, and the IgM antibody had begun to decrease.
		The antigenic cross-reactivity of Flavivirus antibodies is well known, especially after a second or sequential Flavivirus infection in the same host (11-15).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:84668149&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (4246 words)

	Flavivirus encephalitis definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Flavivirus encephalitis: Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) due to a flavivirus, a virus transmitted by a mosquito or tick.
		Flavivirus encephalitis includes West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis, St.
		Motor weakness is also common in flavivirus encephalitis and may be associated with respiratory paralysis, a condition closely resembling poliomyelitis.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=38469 (430 words)

	Localization and Characterization of Flavivirus Envelope Glycoprotein Cross-Reactive Epitopes -- Crill and Chang 78 ...
		Anti-A1 reactive MAbs 4G2 and 6B6C-1 are flavivirus group-reactive antibodies, and the anti-A5 MAb 1B7-5 is a flavivirus subgroup-reactive antibody.
		flavivirus group reactive and have been grouped into the A1 epitope of the E glycoprotein (20, 28, 38, 46).
		Antigenic structure of the flavivirus envelope protein E at the molecular level, using tick-borne encephalitis virus as a model.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/24/13975 (6932 words)

	Science News: Viral proteins lie down on the job. (flavivirus... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A flavivirus surface protein normally pairs with only one other to form a molecule known as a dimer.
		The X-ray data show the dimer to be rod-shaped and slightly bent in the middle where the two proteins join, the researchers say.
		This theory was confirmed in 1994, but the structure of the flavivirus surface protein reveals that the method of attacking cells used by the influenza virus "is not the only way nature has solved the problem," says Kim.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:16981877&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (613 words)

	Flavivirus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flavivirus (also Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex) is a genus of the family Flaviviridae.
		Flavivirus share a common size (40-60 nanometres), symmetry (enveloped, icosahedral nucleocapsid), nucleic acid (positive-sense, single stranded RNA approximately 10,000-11,000 bases), and appearance in the electron microscope.
		This page was last modified 15:11, 25 September 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flavivirus (79 words)

	Annual report of Flavivirus-Host Molecular Interactions for year 2003
		The analysis of the host cell responses upon flavivirus infection in mosquito vectors and mammalian hosts is of particular importance for the understanding of diseases.
		The resistance/sensitivity phenotype of WN virus-infected mice was completely correlated with the occurrence of a point mutation resulting in the truncation of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (Oas) 1b isoform.
		The interferon-inducible Oas 1b gene is critical on flavivirus pathogenicity through an anti-viral effect restricting viral RNA replication at the cellular level.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/RAR/RAR2003/print/Imfh-en.html (868 words)

	West Nile Virus (1985-1989) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Crawford, G. and Wright, P. Characterization of novel viral polyproteins detected in cells infected by the flavivirus Kunjin and radiolabelled in the presence of the leucine analogue hydroxyleucine.
		Wengler, G.; Wengler, G.; Nowak, T., and Wahn, K. Analysis of the influence of proteolytic cleavage on the structural organization of the surface of the West Nile flavivirus leads to the isolation of a protease-resistant E protein oligomer from the viral surface.
		Winkler, G.; Heinz, F. and Kunz, C. Studies on the glycosylation of flavivirus E proteins and the role of carbohydrate in antigenic structure.
	www.uky.edu /Agriculture/VetScience/textpages/biblios/WNV85-89.htm (4517 words)

	Flavivirus/Kunjin Research Unit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		He introduced to SASVRC the Flavivirus Kunjin (KUN) as a laboratory model for infection by related species such as Murray Valley and Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile virus which had been shown to be very close by antigenic and sequence criteria.
		We have addressed this for flavivirus replication and have found that cellular proteins required for phospholipids synthesis are located within the virus-induced membrane structures.
		Thus we have determined that flavivirus replication is resistant to the antiviral activity of MxA.
	www.sasvrc.qld.gov.au /Kunjin.htm (1170 words)

	Flavivirus infection (unspecified) case definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Isolation of a flavivirus that cannot be identified in Australian reference laboratories or which is identified as one of the flaviviruses not otherwise classified
		OR Detection of a flavivirus, by nucleic acid testing, that cannot be identified in Australian reference laboratories or which is identified as one of the flaviviruses not otherwise classified
		OR IgG seroconversion or a significant increase in antibody level or a fourfold or greater rise in titre of flavivirus specific IgG that cannot be identified or which is identified as being specific for one of the flaviviruses not otherwise classified.
	www.health.gov.au /internet/wcms/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-surveil-nndss-casedefs-cd_flavnec.htm (439 words)

	Flavivirus antigen - Patent 4810492
		An antigen having at least one epitope which is reactive to an anti-flavivirus antibody, and which is an amino acid sequence corresponding to the amino acid sequence of the 1st to the 498th amino acids counted from the N-terminus of the amino acid sequence according to claim 1.
		In the flavivirus particle, there is a viral genome which comprises single-stranded RNA having a molecular weight of about 3.8.times.10.sup.6 to about 4.2.times.10.sup.6.
		It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide a novel flavivirus antigen which is extremely effective as a JE vaccine and can be safely produced on a large scale and at low cost.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4810492.html (8592 words)

	Structure of a flavivirus envelope glycoprotein in its low-pH-induced membrane fusion conformation -- Bressanelli et ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Structure of a flavivirus envelope glycoprotein in its low-pH-induced membrane fusion conformation -- Bressanelli et al.
		Organization of the flavivirus E protein in three conformations: on the mature viral particle, in its postfusion form, and in the asymmetric, low-pH-induced intermediate conformation, responsible for the hemifusion step.
		Lescar J, Roussel A, Wien MW, Navaza J, Fuller SD, Wengler G, Rey FA (2001) The fusion glycoprotein shell of Semliki Forest virus: an icosahedral assembly primed for fusogenic activation at endosomal pH.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/23/4/728 (8078 words)

	CRISP - Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects, Abstract Display (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Resistance to flavivirus infection has been reported in a few laboratory strains of mice and the genetic basis of the resistance has been determined recently.
		The main goal of this project is to investigate the evolution of flavivirus resistance in mice by determining the nature and the strength of the evolutionary forces that have influenced the evolution of the Oaslb gene.
		The goal is to determine the origin of flavivirus resistance and the origin of the allelic polymorphism at the Oaslb locus.
	crisp.cit.nih.gov /crisp/CRISP_LIB.getdoc?textkey=6898650&p_grant_num=1R15AI058968-01A1&p_query=&ticket=14691989&p_audit_session_id=67073865&p_keywords= (353 words)

	Investigators and Program Directors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Using West Nile virus as a model, we are studying the molecular mechanism of flavivirus replication and packaging, and developing flavivirus inhibitors and new methods for flavivirus diagnosis.
		Flavivirus replication is a complex process mediated through sequential interactions among viral RNA elements, viral proteins, and host factors in a finely modulated fashion.
		Lo, M.K., Tilgner, M., Bernard, K.A., and Shi, P.-Y. Functional analysis of mosquito-borne flavivirus conserved sequence elements within 3' untranslated region of West Nile virus using a reporting replicon that differentiates between viral translation and RNA replication.
	www.wadsworth.org /resnres/bios/shi.htm (805 words)

	Rapport d'activité de l'unité Interactions moléculaires Flavivirus-Hôtes pour l'année 2004
		The research programs are conducted to improve the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenicity of mosquito-borne flaviviruses responsible for emerging human arboviroses such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and West Nile encephalitis.
		Because Oas genes are candidates for having a role to differential susceptibility to flavivirus infection, a particular emphasis is made on their genetic polymorphisms in humans.
		The death-promoting activity of flavivirus M protein reflects the proapoptotic properties of an internal nine-residue sequence referred to as ApoptoM.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/RAR/RAR2004/Imfh.html (846 words)

	Inefficient Signalase Cleavage Promotes Efficient Nucleocapsid Incorporation into Budding Flavivirus Membranes -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Assembly and maturation of the flavivirus Kunjin virus appear to occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and along the secretory pathway, respectively.
		Flavivirus West Nile (Sarafend) egress at the plasma membrane.
		Posttranslational signal peptidase cleavage of the flavivirus C-prM junction in vitro.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/1/178 (6547 words)

	tmev - davidson
		The structural proteins C (capsid), M (membrane) and E (envelope) are encoded in the 5’ quarter at the 5’ end of the genome and the genes for nonstructural proteins are located in the remainder.
		We showed that TMEV can be detected by RT-PCR with the flavivirus universal primers YF1 and YF3, and as such it could be included as the seventh virus for which Tanaka (1993) showed that by its amplification with universal primers, virus-specific products are obtained.
		As the location of the two primer sets on the TMEV genome was not known, and as the two sequences obtained from these two amplifications were found not to overlap, we hypothesized that they originate from distinct NS5 loci.
	poultrymed.com /files/TE.html (1980 words)

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