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Topic: Flavour (particle physics)

	Flavour (particle physics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flavour (or flavor) is a quantum number of elementary particles related to their weak interactions.
		The term "flavour" was first coined for use in the quark model of hadrons in 1968.
		Hadrons inherit their flavour quantum number from their valence quarks: this is the basis of the classification in the quark model.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flavour_(particle_physics) (1129 words)

	Quark - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Particles composed of one red, one green and one blue quark are called baryons; the proton and the neutron are the most important examples.
		Particles composed of a quark and an anti-quark of the corresponding anti-color are called mesons.
		Particles of different color charge are attracted and particles of like color charge are repelled by the color force, which is transferred by gluons, particles that themselves carry color charge (one color and one anti-color).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Quark (1964 words)

	Baryon number - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In particle physics, the baryon number is an approximate conserved quantum number.
		This can only be achieved by either putting together a quark of one color with an antiquark of the corresponding anti-color, giving a meson with baryon number 0, by combining three quarks into a baryon with baryon number +1, or by combining three antiquarks into an anti-baryon with baryon number −1.
		Such particles include leptons, the photon, and the W and Z bosons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Baryon_number (361 words)

	Glossary
		A family of particles consisting of the electron,the muon and the tau, along with theirneutrinos.
		Interactions that change the flavour of particles; for example thedecay of a neutron into a proton,electron, and anti-neutrino; are governed bythe weak force.
		Particle Physics is the study of thebasic elements of matter and the forces acting among them.
	hepwww.rl.ac.uk /Pub/Phil/glossary.html (815 words)

	Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics - Chicago
		The Particle Theory Group at the University of Chicago, part of the Enrico Fermi Institute, carries out research on a wide range of theoretical topics in formal and phenomenological particle physics, including field theory, string theory, supersymmetry, the standard model, cosmology, and mathematical physics.
		Much of the success of particle physics is based on situations where there is a small parameter (such as the fine structure constant in QED) and quantities of physical interest can be expanded in a perturbative series in terms of this small parameter.
		Two of the most relevant open questions in particle physics are the ones related to the origin of mass and to the existence of a unified theory of all known elementary particle interactions.
	physics.uchicago.edu /t_part.html (3097 words)

	Elementary Particle Physics Glossary
		Particle theories predict the probabilities of various possible events occurring when many similar collisions or decays are studied.
		A process in which a particle decays or it responds to a force due to the presence of another particle (as in a collision).
		The rest mass of a particle is the mass defined by the energy of the isolated (free) particle at rest, divided by the speed of light squared.
	hepwww.ph.qmw.ac.uk /epp/glossary.html (2080 words)

	CERN Courier - Going beyond the Standard Mo - IOP Publishing - article
		There are also many other fascinating aspects of flavour physics, such as charm and top physics, flavour violation in the charged lepton and neutrino sectors, electric dipole moments and studies of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.
		The goal of the new CERN workshop, Flavour in the era of the LHC, is to outline and document a programme for flavour physics for the next decade, addressing in particular the complementarity and synergy between the LHC and the flavour factories with respect to the discovery and exploration potential for new physics.
		The workshop follows the standard CERN format, consisting of three working groups, which are devoted to the collider aspects of flavour physics at high-Q, the physics of the B-, K- and D-meson systems, and flavour physics in the lepton sector.
	cerncourier.com /main/article/46/2/6 (674 words)

	Re: Group Theory and Physics
		In my field (particle physics) in the sixties, there was a veritable 'zoo' of short lived particles, generically called hadrons.
		These eight particles had different masses and decay properties, and most of their other quantum numbers were different too, but they were united in some way by these two numbers into a group of eight, or an 'octuplet'.
		Group theory is so successful (it predicted lots of particles which were found at a later date, predicted quarks, indeed gave rise to most of modern particle physics) that it is now generally believed that the fundamental laws of nature are completely defined by combining a few groups (SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1), in actual fact).
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/aug98/901289036.Ph.r.html (441 words)

	Particle Physics Department at RAL
		The Particle Physics Department (PPD) at RAL is responsible for co-ordinating the UK experimental programme in particle physics.
		Particle Physics strives to understand the structure of matter at the deepest possible level.
		We run a number of Public Understanding of Science events for schools and the public, including Particle Physics Masterclasses (the next event is planned for 2007).
	hepwww.rl.ac.uk /pub/ppd.html (298 words)

	A layperson's guide to particle physics!
		Particle physics is in general made up of large international experiments including hundreds of people, and each paper has all of their names on it.
		Charged particles are bent in a magnetic field, so the magnets in an accelerator allow the particles to be collided to follow a round path.
		Particle physics is a complex discipline, requiring insight into a lot of different ideas.
	ppewww.ph.gla.ac.uk /~joanna/prompt/basic.html (2604 words)

	flavour -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		also spelled Flavor, in particle physics, property that distinguishes different members in the two groups of basic building blocks of matter, the quarks and the leptons.
		in particle physics, property that distinguishes different members in the two groups of basic building blocks of matter, the quarks and the leptons.
		There are six flavours of subatomic particle within each of these two groups: six leptons (the electron, the muon, the tau, the electron-neutrino, the muon-neutrino, and the tau-neutrino); and six quarks (dubbed up,”; down,”;...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9034522?tocId=9034522 (707 words)

	FT - RDC - Research Training Group 742 (GRK 742) -- High Energy Physics and Particle Astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Participating institutes are the Institute for Experimental Nuclear Physics, the Institute for Theoretical Physics and the Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics of the University of Karlsruhe.
		The detectors of the Institute of Experimental Particle Physics are placed at accelerators at CERN (Geneva), LNF (Frascati) and at FERMILAB (Chicago) and the international space station ISS. Detectors for Astroparticle Physics are the KASCADE detector at FZK; the Pierre Auger Detector is currently under construction in Argentina.
		The professors of the graduate research center regularly offer a structured lecture program in theoretical and experimental particle physics as well as in particle astrophysics.
	www.rz.uni-karlsruhe.de /~pb03/IBK/FEB_D/XIII_77_e.html (188 words)

	The Standard Model of Particle Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In this class of theories, one describes the physical systems as composed of matter (usually fermionic) degrees of freedom interacting via the medium of gauge fields which are bosonic.
		The reason this theory is quite irrelevant to every day physics, except to explain our very existence(!), is a peculiarity of the bosonic part of the matter sector that goes with this theory.
		The standard model of particle physics comprises the above components, and so far, nobody has found any inconsistency between what is calculable in the theory and what is experimentally measurable.
	t8web.lanl.gov /people/tanmoy/standard_model.html (1213 words)

	Nuclear and Particle Physics Division Conference
		The Nuclear and Particle Physics Division three day meeting is a joint annual gathering for experimental and theoretical Nuclear and Particle Physicists that will take place as part of the Institute of Physics Annual Congress.
		The Particle Physics Programme will cover the start of the BaBar detector, the new results from the highest energies at LEP II, and the very latest on neutrino masses.
		For Particle Physics Theorists non-members the conference fee of £151 will be reduced to £30 (please tick the Student member fee box on the Congress Registration Form.
	www.iop.org /IOP/Confs/NPPD (658 words)

	Manchester Particle Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I will demonstrate that the flavour structure of certain pentaquark models is such that there are selection rules for the decay of pentaquarks that would not apply for three-quark states.
		A key central role in modern physics is thus occupied by quantum many-body theory, where we are especially interested in the possible existence of any universal techniques that are powerful enough to treat the full range of many-body and field-theoretic systems.
		The phenomenology of Higgs physics in the MSSM at the next generation of colliders is discussed.
	www.hep.man.ac.uk /seminars2004_firsthalf.html (2307 words)

	Date: Tuesday, September 24, 2002
		The Standard model of particle physics describes the interaction of quarks and leptons which are the fundamental building blocks of matter.
		The quarks and leptons come in six flavours and can be classified into three generations.
		I will also discuss the puzzles in lepton mixing and point out that the underlying physics of quark and lepton mixing may well be the same.
	www.physics.uoguelph.ca /Seminar/030327.html (162 words)

	Strangeness - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In particle physics, strangeness S is a quantum number needed to describe certain short-lived particles.
		The strangeness was introduced originally to explain the fact that certain particles, such the kaons or certain hyperons were always created in pairs.
		Consequently the lightest particles containing a strange quark cannot decay by the strong interaction, and their otherwise anomalously long strange lifetimes via the weak interaction led to their name.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Strangeness (304 words)

	Experimental Elementary-Particle Physics
		The Experimental Particle Astrophysics group mainly uses natural cosmic radiation as a source of elementary particles to study the character of the fundamental interactions, and the structure and evolution of large-scale astrophysical systems.
		The neutrino sources that have been examined are the solar neutrinos produced by fusion in the sun and the neutrinos produced by cosmic rays in the earth's atmosphere.
		The other goals of this experiment are to search for nucleon decay (post-standard model physics) and to measure the physics at the core of a supernovae during the important first few seconds.
	www.phys.washington.edu /expelem.htm (1478 words)

	Durham Physics Particle Phenomenology Research
		The difficulty arises because the weak force is carried by massive particles, and all mechanisms known for generating mass predict new physics beyond that currently observed.
		The minimal extension to current physics required for consistency is a single particle called the Higgs boson, unlike all other known particles this particle is predicted to have no intrinsic spin.
		Heavy flavor physics deals with the properties of the heaviest quarks that is the quarks of the third family (top and bottom) and to a lesser extent those of the second family (charm and strange).
	www.dur.ac.uk /~dph0www/research/particle/phenom.php (1200 words)

	Mark Chen's Web Page
		The SNO experiment has discovered evidence that solar neutrinos undergo flavour oscillations (electron neutrinos transform into mu and/or tau neutrinos) en route from the Sun to the Earth.
		SNO is continuing to explore the physics of neutrino oscillations; now in Phase III, SNO is making precision measurements and refining our understanding of neutrino oscillations.
		This would enable precision studies of neutrino physics, sensitive to new particle physics connected to the neutrino-matter interaction, including non-standard neutrino couplings and mass-varying neutrinos.
	sno.phy.queensu.ca /~mchen (355 words)

	Particle physics marches on \| Cosmic Variance
		But until then, a whole host of smaller experiments are interrogating particle physics from a variety of different angles, using clever techniques to get indirect information about new physics.
		Trouble is, the particle you need to invoke is in strong conflict with bounds from astrophysics — these particles can be produced in stars, leading to various sorts of unusual behavior that aren’t observed.
		indicates that theoretical physics in “prestige” schools is dominated by conventional “string theory” which is founded on the existence of “susy” supersymmtry.
	cosmicvariance.com /2006/03/31/particle-physics-marches-on (3591 words)

	CKM matrix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the standard model of particle physics the Cabibbo Kobayashi Maskawa matrix (CKM matrix, sometimes earlier called KM matrix) is a unitary matrix which contains information on the strength of flavour changing weak decays.
		Technically, it specifies the mismatch of quantum states of quarks when they propagate freely and when they take part in the weak interactions.
		Particles and Nuclei: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts.
	ref.podzone.net /en/CKM_matrix.htm (773 words)

	IMPRS Elementary Particle Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Parallel to the course in theoretical physics, a four-semester course (EP1 to EP4) is forseen to cover the basic experimental aspects of particle physics; it will also serve for the starting phase of PhD work and will be offered every year.
		EP3 (High Energy Physics): Based on the previous lecture courses on foundations of particle physics, topical experiments of high energy physics and their results are described, treating current questions of particle physics (physics at hadron, electron-proton, and electron-positron colliders; electroweak precision measurements, QCD studies, CP violation, B Physics, neutrino experiments, and so forth).
		EP4 (Particle Astrophysics): Basic questions and experiments of particle astrophysics and relation to particle physics at colliders; cosmic rays, sources of cosmic rays, present and future experiments.
	www.mppmu.mpg.de /imprs/lectures/general.html (381 words)

	MINOS detector ready to take first data
		They exist in three types or 'flavours' and recent experiments (including those at SNO — the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory) have demonstrated that neutrinos are capable of oscillating between these flavours (electron, tau and muon).
		The Standard Model of Particle Physics, the theory that we have been using for 30 years to describe the fundamental particles (quarks and leptons) and forces (bosons) works very well.
		Matter particles are divided into three generations comprising six quarks of increasing mass (up, down, strange, charm, bottom and top) and six leptons (the electron, muon, and tau and their respective neutrino partners, predicted to have zero mass).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-08/ppa-mdr081403.php (1373 words)

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