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Topic: Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

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Flexor digitorum profundus muscle

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Flexor carpi radialis muscle

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Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

Pronator quadratus muscle

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Orbicularis oris muscle

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	Muscles and Tendons Menu - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Classification of the vascular anatomy of muscles: experimental and clinical correlation.
		The effect of muscle architecture on the biomechanical failure properties of skeletal muscle under passive extension.
		Flexor tendon healing and restoration of the gliding surface.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/muscle_index (291 words)

	EXPOSURE OF THE ULS NERVES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The median nerve passes behind the flexor superficialis arch and comes to lie deeply in the middle of the volar surface of the forearm, between the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
		The ulnar nerve throughout the forearm is in the plane between the flexor carpi ulnaris and the flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
		The relationship of the branches at the level of the supinator muscle is inconsistent; therefore, care must be exercised in identifying the branches during decompression of the posterior interosseous nerve as it enters the supinator muscle.
	www.cnsclinicjordan.com /exposureupperextremitiesnerves.htm (5355 words)

	Nerves of the Upper Limb
		of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscles, deep to the tendon of palmaris longus muscle.
		It runs between the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor pollicis longus muscles to reach the pronator quadratus muscle.
		on the flexor digitorum profundus, where it accompanies the ulnar artery near the middle of the forearm.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/uppnn.htm (794 words)

	[No title]
		Reflect the belly of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle proximally to expose the muscles in the deepest layer of the forearm.
		Identify the flexor digitorum profundus muscle [probe], flexor pollicis longus muscle [two probes], and pronator quadratus muscle.
		The flexor pollicis longus muscle flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb.
	www.med.uc.edu /haonline/uppext/labs/lab7/lab7_12.html (104 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		Four muscles in the superficial group of extensor muscles (extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, and extensor carpi ulnaris) are attached by a flattened
		This muscle acts with the abductor pollicis brevis during abduction of the thumb and with the extensor pollicis brevis during extension of this digit.
		This is a narrow, elongated muscle that lies medial to and alongside the extensor pollicis longus.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/mmforarm.htm (1746 words)

	Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
		Flexor digitorum superficialis is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers.
		The bulk of the muscle is in the anterior of the forearm.
		Like most flexors of the arm, it is supplied by the median nerve.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fl/Flexor_digitorum_sublimis.html (105 words)

	Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The flexor digitorum superficialis is a large muscle located beneath the flexor carpi ulnaris.
		It arises from three immovable muscles - one from the middle inside of the humerus (upper arm bone), one from the middle inside of the ulna (longest forearm bone), and one from the radius (shortest forearm bone).
		Its movable end is in the tendons of the fingers and acts to flex the fingers and, by a combined action, to flex the hand.
	www.innerbody.com /text/musc50.html (76 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		The superficial flexor muscles all arise from a common tendon attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, known as the common flexor attachment.
		All of the flexor muscle, except for the brachioradialis (which is supplied by the radial nerve), are supplied by the median and ulnar nerve.
		The remaining nine muscles are all extensors and are all innervated by the radial nerve.
	info.med.yale.edu /anatomy/notes/upper-limb6-4.html (744 words)

	[No title]
		FLEXOR COMPARTMENT OF THE FOREARM Cutaneous nerves and vessels (review)Antebrachial fascia Palmar carpal ligament (a thickening of the antebrachial fascia) Palmar aponeurosis of the hand Tendon of palmaris longus m.
		to abduct handflexor carpi ulnariscommon flexor tendon & (ulnar head) from medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulnapisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpalflexes wrist, adducts handulnar nerveulnar a.the ulnar nerve passes between the two heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris m.
		(radial half), flexor pollicis longus m., pronator quadratus m., abductor pollicis brevis m., flexor pollicis brevis m., opponens pollicis m., lateral 2 lumbrical mm.skin of the radial half of the palm and palmar side of the lateral 3 1/2 digits (and nail bed for these digits)the median n.
	www.uams.edu /m2004/gross_tables/8-29.doc (1237 words)

	Muscles (anterior view)
		External Oblique: muscle whose fibres are oblique in relation to the body when it is standing.
		Sartorius: muscle that pivots the lower leg on the thigh and the thigh on the pelvis.
		Sternocleido mastoid: neck muscle connecting ther sternum to the clavicle and relative to the mastoid process.
	www.infovisual.info /03/008_en.html (194 words)

	Anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscle transposition for vascular coverage of the median nerve in recurrent ...
		Anomalous flexor digitorum superficialis muscle transposition for vascular coverage of the median nerve in recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome
		A rare case of an anomalous muscle in the distal forearm used as tissue to provide good vascularized coverage of the median nerve that was severely scarred in its bed is reported.
		The anomalous muscle was distal to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon and inserted in the palmar fascia on the ulnar aspect of the hand.
	www.pulsus.com /Plastics/13_01/neum_ed.htm (479 words)

	flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (hand, anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Flexor digitorum superficialis is one of the forearm superficial flexor muscles of the hand and digits.
		Flexor digitorum superficialis is innervated by the median nerve (C7,C8).
		Its action is to flex the middle phalanges of the ulnar four digits at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joints.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-288358321.htm (203 words)

	Anatomic Predisposition to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
		The lumbrical muscles usually originate from the radial sides of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus at the level of the metacarpals, which is distal to the carpal tunnel.
		The normal distal insertion of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle belly usually becomes four tendons proximal to the carpal tunnel through which it enters as tendons.
		The surrounding palmar fascial aponeurosis (with possible aberrant muscle attachments and its connections with the flexor retinaculum that overly the carpal tunnel, and the antibrachial fascia over the flexor digitorum superficialis) represent areas where fascial release, friction massage and, most recently, Graston technique has0 shown to be beneficial in the treatment of CTS.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/20/03/09.html (636 words)

	eMedicine - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : Article by Patrick Browning, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The flexor retinaculum, or transverse carpal ligament, attaches to the scaphoid tubercle, the ridge of the trapezium, and the ulnar aspect of the hook of the hamate and pisiform.
		The separate flexor digitorum superficialis tendons are arranged in two rows, with the tendons to the third and fourth digits positioned volar to the tendons of the second and fifth digits.
		With the wrist in a neutral position, the median nerve is seen anterior to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the index finger or posterolaterally between the flexor digitorum tendon of the index finger and flexor pollicis longus tendon.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic135.htm (4061 words)

	citrulline malate promotes energy in human muscle - IntenseMuscle.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Metabolism of the flexor digitorum superficialis was analysed by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4.7 T. Results: Metabolic variables measured twice before CM ingestion showed no differences, indicating good reproducibility of measurements and no learning effect from repeating the exercise protocol.
		In a study of muscle fatigue induced by bacterial endotoxins in a rat model, it has been shown that mechanical characteristics—that is, resistance to fatigue—improved after CM treatment.
		Studies on heart muscle have shown that the anaplerotic flux of carbon into the TCA cycle is a normal part of cellular metabolism.
	www.intensemuscle.com /showthread.php?t=11870 (4894 words)

	Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Flexor digitorum superficialis (flexor digitorum sublimis) is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers.
		The bulk of the muscle is in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm.
		They then attach to the base of the proximal phalanges on the four fingers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flexor_digitorum_superficialis_muscle (198 words)

	Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Flexor digitorum superficialis is an extrinsic flexor muscle of the fingers.
		This muscle starts at the medial epicondyle of the humerus (as does flexor carpi ulnaris) and attaches to the anterior side of the base of the 2nd metacarpal.
		Artificial muscles able to match or exceed the remarkable performance of natural muscles are needed for artificial and damaged hearts, artificial limbs, humanoid robots, and bird- or insect-like air vehicles that fly by flapping wings.
	bonose.com /Muscle.rss (727 words)

	[No title]
		In a simple case, such as a small muscle located in the the distal part of a limb, this nomenclature is uncomplicated: muscle origins are proximal (towards the body) while muscle insertions are distal (away from the body).
		However, with muscles that are located within the trunk of the body and which serve to flex the body, it is not easy to distinguish origins from insertions.
		The remaining muscles of the carcass all are associated with part of the axial skeleton.
	www.aps.uoguelph.ca /~swatland/ch4.htm (6701 words)

	Article Figures and Tables
		At the right antecubital fossa, the right MN enters the forearm, passing between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle, and passes deep with respect to the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (FDS).
		The flexor retinaculum has been incised and reflected to show the course of the MN through the carpal tunnel.
		At the distal edge of the retinaculum, the MN is seen to divide into the radial and ulnar terminal divisions branches.
	www.thejns-net.org /jns/issues/v95n4/fig_tab/n0950584_f2.html (387 words)

	Functional anatomy of the flexor pronator muscle group in relation to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow -- ...
		Functional anatomy of the flexor pronator muscle group in relation to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow -- Davidson et al.
		Functional anatomy of the flexor pronator muscle group in relation to the medial collateral ligament of the elbow
		digitorum superficialis muscle, with its near proximity and relatively
	ajs.sagepub.com /cgi/content/abstract/23/2/245 (538 words)

	Isolated finger flexion: a novel form of focal neuromyotonia -- Modarres et al. 69 (1): 110 -- Journal of Neurology, ...
		hypertrophy, myokymia, or percussion myotonia of the forearm muscles.
		layer of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles sparing the
		Hereditary form of sustained muscle activity of peripheral origin causing generalised myokymia and muscle stiffness.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/69/1/110 (1856 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Post-operatively, the patient underwent intensive physiotherapy for stretching of the contracted tendons and for restoration of finger flexor power as she was left only with the flexor profundus.
		The contracted muscles were enveloped but not infiltrated by tumor tissue and there was a clear plane of dissection between the tumor and enveloped muscles.
		Though cysticercus infiltrates of muscles are usually asympto-matic, the excised muscle mass was pale and fibrotic.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /mar2004/mar-270-273.htm (1490 words)

	Muscle tissue oxygenation as a functional tool in the follow up of dermatomyositis -- van Beekvelt et al. 73 (1): 93 -- ...
		Muscle tissue oxygenation as a functional tool in the follow up of dermatomyositis -- van Beekvelt et al.
		Muscle tissue oxygenation as a functional tool in the follow up of dermatomyositis
		muscle in the same location for all the measurements.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/73/1/93 (859 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		humeroulna´re mus´culi flexo´ris digito´rum superficia´lis [TA] the humeroulnar head of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of ulna; called also c.
		latera´le mus´culi tricip´itis bra´chii [TA] the lateral head of the triceps brachii muscle, arising from the posterior surface of the humerus, the lateral border of the humerus, and the lateral intermuscular septum; called also great or second head of triceps brachii muscle, and lateral or short anconeus muscle.
		radia´le mus´culi flexo´ris digito´rum superficia´lis [TA] the radial head of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, arising from the oblique line and anterior border of the radius.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_c_08zPzhtm (3226 words)

	Flexor digitorum profundus muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The medial aspect of the muscle (which flexes the 4th and 5th digit) is supplied by the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
		thenar (opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis)
		This page was last modified 18:09, 27 September 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flexor_digitorum_profundus_muscle (285 words)

	Supracubital perineurioma misdiagnosed as carpal tunnel syndrome: case report \| BMC Neurology, Volume 4 - Mirror @ Uni ...
		Fibrillations and sparse motor unit potentials with increased duration and amplitude (up to 10 mV) were found in flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, in contrast to the normal Electromyography-findings of the right flexor carpi ulnaris.
		On median nerve stimulation at the elbow a low compound muscle action potential with an increased distal latency was recorded over flexor digitorum superficialis muscle in the right side (right: amplitude 1 mV, latency 9.0 ms, left: amplitude 7 mV, latency 3.2 ms).
		On clinical follow-up four years later a partial recovery of forearm muscle strength could be noted and the patient was free from pain.
	bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de /1471-2377-4-19/text.htm (1617 words)

	Distribution of the forces produced by motor unit activity in the human flexor digitorum profundus -- Kilbreath et al. ...
		Distribution of the forces produced by motor unit activity in the human flexor digitorum profundus -- Kilbreath et al.
		In humans, the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), which is a multi-tendoned muscle, produces forces that flex the four distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers.
		The discharge of single low-threshold motor units (n = 69) was recorded at sites across the muscle during weak voluntary grasping involving all fingers and spike-triggered averaging of the forces under each of the finger pads was used to assess the distribution pattern.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/abstract/543/1/289 (618 words)

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