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Topic: Flexor hallucis brevis muscle

	IV. Myology. 8e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Foot. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The abductors are the Interossei dorsales, the Abductor hallucis,
		The adductors are the Interossei plantares and the Adductor hallucis.
		The flexors are the Flexor digitorum brevis, the Quadratus plantæ, the Flexor hallucis brevis, the Flexor digiti quinti brevis, and the Lumbricales.
	www.bartleby.com /107/131.html (2790 words)

	IV. Myology. 8c. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Leg. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The Extensor hallucis longus (Extensor proprius hallucis) is a thin muscle, situated between the Tibialis anterior and the Extensor digitorum longus.
		—The muscles of the calf are the chief extensors of the foot at the ankle-joint.
		The Flexor digitorum longus and Flexor hallucis longus are the direct flexors of the phalanges, and, continuing their action, extend the foot upon the leg; they assist the Gastrocnemius and Soleus in extending the foot, as in the act of walking, or in standing on tiptoe.
	www.bartleby.com /107/129.html (3503 words)

	Section
		Intrinsic muscles of the foot: Plantar: (1) Flexor digitorum brevis; (2) abductor hallucis; (3) abductor digiti minimi; (4) quadratus plantae; (5) lumbricales; (6) flexor hallucis brevis; (7) adductor hallucis; (8) flexor digiti minimi brevis; (9) dorsal and plantar interossei.
		0 Dorsal: (1) Extensor hallucis brevis; (2) extensor digitorum brevis.
		Posterior and lateral crural muscles, and muscles of the calf: (1) Triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus); (2) tibialis posterior; (3) peroneus longus; (4) peroneus brevis; (5) flexor hallucis longus; (6) flexor digitorum longus; (7) popliteus; (8) plantaris.................
	a257.g.akamaitech.net /7/257/2422/14mar20010800/edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2002/julqtr/38cfr4.73.htm (1355 words)

	lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tendons of the adductor hallucis and the lateral head of flexor hallucis brevis bowstring and slip laterally from under the first metatarsal head with the lateral sesamoid.
		Plantar intrinsic muscles which are responsible for the stability of the base of the proximal phalanx exert an adduction force on the hallux.
		Abductor hallucis along with the medial tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis exert only plantar flexion on the hallux, while adductor hallucis along with the lateral tendon of flexor hallucis brevis exert on an abduction force on the hallux.
	www.curtin.edu.au /curtin/dept/physio/podiatry/lecture/buns.html (5709 words)

	Untitled Document
		The quadratus plantae muscle is deep to the flexor digitorum brevis muscle.
		The abductor hallucis muscle is superficial to the flexor hallucis brevis muscle.
		The lumbricals of the foot attach to the tendons of the flexor digitorum brevis.
	www.mc.edu /campus/academics/BIO/anatomy_exam_4b.htm (684 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Muscle Tables
		a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); it is the longest of the scalene muscles
		flexor digitorum brevis in the foot is equivalent to the flexor digitorum superficialis m.
		flexor digitorum longus in the leg is equivalent to the flexor digitorum profundus m.
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/muscles_alpha.html (11138 words)

	Force generation induced by rapid temperature jumps in intact mammalian (rat) skeletal muscle fibres -- Coupland and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Interpretation of the steady state contraction measurements from muscle is difficult because of the asynchrony of the cycling crossbridges during active muscle contraction and rapid perturbation methods have been used to induce crossbridge synchronisation.
		The comparison indicates that flexor hallucis brevis (FHB, a foot muscle) is a fast muscle, although it is not known whether it contains a predominance of type 2B fibres, as is the case in EDL muscle (see Ranatunga and Thomas, 1990).
		Compared to other muscle preparations used in previous studies, the FHB is a peripheral muscle in the mammalian body and it might be exposed to a wide temperature range during normal life (as suggested by Lannergren and Westerblad, 1987).
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/548/2/439 (6937 words)

	Physical Therapy/ Vol 79 No 9/ Anatomy and Biomechanics of the First Ray (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tibialis posterior muscle inserts on the navicular tuberosity, with additional plantar attachments to the cuboid, the cuneiforms, and the second, third, and fourth metatarsals.
		The flexor hallucis brevis muscle divides into 2 bellies encasing the sesamoid bones and inserts on the base of the proximal phalanx.
		The effectiveness of the peroneus longus muscle in limiting dorsal excursion of the first ray is contingent on the direction of pull of the tendon insertion.
	www.ptjournal.org /September99/public/v79n9p854.cfm (2768 words)

	LA NOSTRA ESPERIENZA IN POSTUROLOGIA
		We thus isolated the intrinsic muscles in the sole of the foot that are responsible for maintaining the physiological arched structure of the sole of the foot (Fig.
		Having accurately established where these muscles are inserted, we then constructed an orthotic that would enable a local proprioceptive stimulation using a material with a fibrous-elastic consistency similar to our subcutaneous tissue.
		We applied this form of stimulation to the point where the corresponding muscles proved hypotonic, and were incapable of "supporting" the normal arch.
	www.ksitalia.it /engl/nostraesp.htm (1156 words)

	Buyers Guide
		The "dorsal flexor muscles" include the following: The "tibialis anterior" is a dorsal flexor and is an elongated, spindle-shaped muscle located on the front of the lower leg.
		The "extensor hallucis longus" are muscles used in extending the toe; the "flexor hallucis longus" are used in flexing it and moving it to the side.
		The peroneus brevis muscle originates from the mid portion of the shaft of the fibula and inserts on the base of the #5 metatarsal bone.
	www.cathe.com /calves.htm (728 words)

	The Adductor Hallucis Revisited
		Then a plantar dissection removed all soft tissue to the level of the intermetatarsal ligament, adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique heads), lateral sesamoid, and lateral flexor hallucis brevis.
		Instead, all specimens were found to have only a conjoined insertion of fibers of the adductor hallucis and of the flexor hallucis brevis from the lateral sesamoid into the base of the proximal phalanx.
		Therefore, great caution should be exercised in releasing an isolated insertion of the adductor tendon from the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe since it may actually represent the conjoined insertion of the lateral flexor hallucis brevis tendon and the adductor tendon.
	www.datatrace.com /medical/faiintlweb/2203_01.html (331 words)

	plantar fascia rupture
		On examination, pain was focused around the medial calcaneal origin of the plantar fascia, with tenderness extending into the mid-portion of the plantar fascia and underlying flexor hallucis brevis muscle.
		Both players were treated with aggressive intrinsic muscle rehabilitation to train these muscles to support the medial longitudinal arch; temporary orthotics were made to support the medial arches and off-load the calcaneal origins, which were still quite tender.
		These muscles are quite important in providing dexterity for the toes, as well as adding active support to the medial longitudinal arch as the foot pronates during weight-bearing and then re-supinates as the foot goes to push off.
	www.sportsinjurybulletin.com /archive/plantar-fascia.html (2167 words)

	kS Italia PODALIC POSTURE
		Starting from the concept that in statics the anti gravitational spatial arrangement of the foot's arches is maintained by the active force developed by muscles and fasciae, Dr. Maria Antonietta Fusco singled out what she defined as "the static fibro-muscular chain of the sole of the foot".
		She defined as "functional claw foot" a foot characterized by loose musculo-ligamentous tissue concerning the lateral area of the foot's sole and never concerning the higher part of the medial arch of 1rst, 2nd and 3rd degree according to how many muscles are in hypo tone.
		Then, on the base of this classification, Dr. Fusco engineered orthotics that are able to stimulate each muscle in hypo tone; the aim of this kind of stimulation is to normalize the function of the static fibro-muscular chain of the sole of the foot.
	www.ksitalia.it /engl/Postura_Podalica.htm (1607 words)

	[No title]
		the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle
		The adductor hallucis muscle belongs to the third layer of the muscles of the sole of the foot.
		The third layer of the muscles of the sole of the foot consists of the adductor hallucis muscle, flexor hallucis brevis muscle and
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/lw10.wbc (622 words)

	Muscles and Tendons Menu - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Classification of the vascular anatomy of muscles: experimental and clinical correlation.
		The effect of muscle architecture on the biomechanical failure properties of skeletal muscle under passive extension.
		Flexor tendon healing and restoration of the gliding surface.
	www.wheelessonline.com /05/337.htm (285 words)

	Physiology Online - Proceedings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In experiments on isolated frog muscle, the force produced during lengthening has been shown to be up to twice the isometric force (Katz, 1939).
		While muscle temperature is known to influence the contractile process (Ranatunga, 1984), there has been no systematic investigation of the influence of temperature on lengthening force enhancement in isolated mammalian muscle.
		Small bundles of about five intact muscle fibres, dissected from the flexor hallucis brevis muscle, were mounted horizontally between a force transducer and a servomotor at an initial sarcomere length of 2.4-2.6 µm.
	www.physoc.org /publications/proceedings/archive/article.asp?ID=548PP132 (415 words)

	Sole of Foot
		The arches are arranged both longitudinally and transversely, and are caused primarily by the conformation of the bones of the foot and the ligaments which bind them together, and secondarily by the muscles which act upon the bones.
		While the normal tone of the small intrinsic muscles of the foot also plays an essential part in keeping the arches intact, the long muscles which are inserted by tendons into the bones of the foot have an even more important role.
		These are the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle, the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle, the tendon of the peroneus longus and the tendons of the flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus muscles.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/soleoffoot.htm (1063 words)

	Central Podiatry - Correction of Hallux Varus
		The incision was deepened using sharp dissection to expose the extensor hallucis tendon apparatus and medial and lateral joint capsule.
		Attention was redirected to the medial capsule of the first metatarsophalangeal joint where, using blunt dissection, the tendon of the abductor hallucis muscle was identified, isolated, and not found to be abnormally taut or malpositioned.
		The abnormal first metatarsal cuneiform angle was caused by three factors: a reverse buckling effect of the hallux upon the first metatarsal, an adapted or congenital tightness of the intermetatarsal ligament and/or an anomalous attachment of the adductor hallucis muscle, and the contribution of a tight extensor tendon apparatus.
	www.centralpodiatry.com /journals/hallux.cfm (1959 words)

	Sesamoiditis information at MyFootShop.com!
		The sesamoid bones are an extension of the flexor hallucis brevis (FHB) muscle and give the FHB a greater range of motion and improved lever action at the level of the 1st MPJ.
		The flexor hallucis brevis muscle (FHB) originates on the plantar surface of the calcaneus (heel bone).
		As the FHB fires, the load generated by the body of the muscle is sent through the sesamoid to an extension of the FHB that attaches to the plantar aspect of the great toe.
	myfootshop.com /detail.asp?Condition=Sesamoiditis (930 words)

	Inflammation: Source of Latest Information about Extensor Digitorum Brevis Inflammation
		...wave responses were recorded from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and flexor hallucis brevis muscle...
		The extensor digitorum brevis and bifurcate ligament lie anterior to the sinus tarsi.
		...muscles (extensor carpi radialis brevis m., extensor digitorum m., extensor digiti minimi m.
	www.health-beauty-care.com /inflammation/extensor-digitorum-brevis-inflammation.htm (238 words)

	Plantar Fasciitis and Fascial Rupture: MR Imaging Findings in 26 Patients Supplemented with Anatomic Data in Cadavers ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		to the tendons of the posterior tibialis and flexor digitorum
		the abductor digiti minimi muscle or the peroneus brevis tendon
		of the PA, the flexor digitorum brevis muscle was evident, as
	intl-radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/20/suppl_1/S181 (7741 words)

	Keywords
		It lies deep to the extensor retinaculum, descending with the anterior tibial artery on the anterior surface of the distal end of the tibia to pass lateral to the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
		The point of injection is at the level of the stellate, which lies posterior to the origin of the vertebral artery from the subclavian artery, anterior to the longus colli muscle and the first rib, anterolateral to the prevertebral fascia, and medial to the scalene muscles.
		At its termination, the sensory lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm emerges between the brachialis and biceps muscles and descends to the cubital fossa superficial and lateral to the biceps tendon.
	www.rashaduniversity.com /keywords1.html (17933 words)

	Foot Pain Info .com / Ankle Pain Info .com - Sesamoiditis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tendons of this muscle run along the bottom of the foot, under the head of the first metatarsal bone, and attach to the small bone of the big toe.
		These sesamoid bones are located under the head of the first metatarsal bone, in the tendons of the flexor hallucis brevis muscle.
		Sesamoiditis is the term used to describe irritation (inflammation) of the tendons and tissues surrounding the sesamoid bones of the foot.
	footpaininfo.com /sesamoiditis.html (564 words)

	In vivo specific tension of human skeletal muscle -- Maganaris et al. 90 (3): 865 -- Journal of Applied Physiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Muscle force was calculated by dividing tendon force by the cosine of pennation angle (Fig.
		Muscle volume was estimated from a series of continuous axial-plane MRIs along the lower leg (Fig.
		Estimations of PCSA were obtained from the ratio of muscle volume to fascicular length (2, 9, 13).
	www.jap.org /cgi/content/full/90/3/865 (4661 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		List of regions in the human brain List of bones of the human skeleton List of muscles of the human body List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Retrieved from andquot; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki...
		Muscle Regions of the Body : Head and neck.
		List of human anatomical features List of muscles of the human body List of bones of the human skeleton zootomical terms for location Body orifices for physiological consequences of death, see Death Fact...
	list_of_muscles_of_the_human_body.iqexpand.com (473 words)

	PT Central - Complete Muscle Tables for the Human Body
		Included is each muscle's origin, insertion, action, blood supply and innervation.
		Select here to print the Hosford Muscle Tables in a compact table form.
		Once in a region, you will be able to focus further on the muscles of that region.
	www.ptcentral.com /muscles (192 words)

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