
	Where results make sense

Topic: Flexor retinaculum

	Chapter 11: THE HAND
		The flexor retinaculum is a strong, transverse, fibrous band that confines the flexor tendons of the five fingers, together with their synovial sheaths and the median nerve, to the arch of the carpus, which it converts into the carpal tunnel (figs.
		It is attached laterally to the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium and medially to the triquetrum, pisiform, and the hook of the hamate.
		The lumbricals are associated with the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus in the palm.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_2/chapter_11.html (4715 words)

	Flexor pollicis longus muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane.
		It is then lodged between the lateral head of the flexor pollicis brevis and the oblique part of the adductor pollicis, and, entering an osseoaponeurotic canal similar to those for the flexor tendons of the fingers, is inserted into the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb.
		The anterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the median nerve) and the anterior interosseous artery and vein pass downward on the front of the interosseous membrane between the flexor pollicis longus and flexor digitorum profundus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flexor_pollicis_longus (435 words)

	Flexor retinaculum of the hand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament, or anterior annular ligament) is a strong, fibrous band, which arches over the carpus, converting the deep groove on the front of the carpal bones into a tunnel, the carpal tunnel, through which the Flexor tendons of the digits and the median nerve pass.
		It is attached, medially, to the pisiform and the hamulus of the hamate bone; laterally, to the tubercle of the scaphoid, and to the medial part of the volar surface and the ridge of the greater multangular, otherwise known as the trapezium (bone).
		At its lateral end is the tendon of the Flexor carpi radialis, which lies in the groove on the greater multangular between the attachments of the ligament to the bone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flexor_retinaculum_of_the_hand (293 words)

	Anatomy of the flexor retinaculum - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		The mean proximal limit of the central portion of the flexor retinaculum was 11 mm distal to the capitate-lunate joint, and the mean distal limit of the distal portion was 10 mm distal to the carpometacarpal joint of the third metacarpal.
		The flexor retinaculum extended from the distal aspect of the radius to the distal aspect of the base of the third metacarpal.
		We redefined the palmar boundary of the carpal tunnel to include three continuous segments of flexor retinaculum: the thin proximal segment composed of thickened deep investing fascia of the forearm; the transverse carpal ligament; and the distal portion of the flexor retinaculum, composed of an aponeurosis between the thenar and hypothenar muscles.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/anatomy_of_the_flexor_retinaculum_1 (222 words)

	CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The transverse carpal ligament, or flexor retinaculum, is a dense ligament measuring approximately 4 cm in width, 5-6 cm in length, and 2.5-3.6 mm in thickness.
		A 25-gauge needle is inserted into the wrist at a point 1 cm proximal to the flexion, crease between the tendons of the palmaris longus and the flexor carpi radialis and at an angle of 45 degrees to the long axis of the forearm.
		The flexor retinaculum is opened medial to the median nerve and the retinaculotome is inserted.
	e-neurosurgery.org /cts.htm (5386 words)

	Rethinking Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
		The thinking is the pathology is the result of traction on the tibial nerve and compression by the flexor retinaculum or occurs due to compression of the medial plantar nerve as it perforates the fascia and intrinsics at the porta pedis.
		The flexor retinaculum blends with the plantar fascia and is affected to some degree by the tension on this structure since the flexor retinaculum and the plantar fascia are both anchored at the calcaneus and connected to each other.
		The walls of the tunnel are the septa, the roof is the retinaculum and the floor is the sheath of the three flexor tendons.
	www.podiatrytoday.com /article/3337 (2229 words)

	eMedicine - Hand, Anatomy : Article by Bünyamin Sahin, DVM, PhD
		The medial border of the flexor retinaculum attaches to the pisiform and hook of the hamate.
		The 8 tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus, the tendons of the flexor pollicis longus, and the flexor carpi radialis pass throughout the carpal tunnel, reach the carpal bones or fingers, and insert onto related bones (see Image 6).
		The tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus enter the fibrous sheaths at the level of the base of the metacarpals and extend distally to insert onto the volar surface of the bases of the distal phalanges of the medial 4 fingers.
	www.emedicine.com /plastic/topic296.htm (5382 words)

	Nerves of the Upper Limb
		supply the pronator teres, pronator quadratus, all flexors except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (other half is supplied by the ulnar nerve).
		It runs between the flexor digitorum profundus and the flexor pollicis longus muscles to reach the pronator quadratus muscle.
		on the flexor digitorum profundus, where it accompanies the ulnar artery near the middle of the forearm.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/uppnn.htm (794 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		This retinaculum prevents bow stringing of the tendons when the flexor muscles contract and also help improve the effective of the muscles by changing the direction of force of the tendons.
		It lies lateral to the flexor digitorum profundus, where it "clothes" the anterior aspect of the radius.
		Distal attachments are: distal half of flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis.
	www.videohelp.com /~vitualis/med/mmforarm.htm (1746 words)

	Flexor Region of the Forearm
		and flexor digitorum superficialis m.); inflammation of the attachment of the common flexor tendon is called medial epicondylitis; the ulnar nerve is in contact with bone as it courses posterior to the medial epicondyle where it is susceptible to injury from blunt trauma or fracture
		is motor to the flexor muscles of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus),the muscles of the thenar compartment and the lateral 2 lumbricals
		flexor retinaculum spans the ventral surfaces of the carpal bones (medially - scaphoid and trapezium; laterally - hamate and pisiform) to complete an osseofibrous tunnel for passage of the flexor tendons; tendons are surrounded by synovial tendon sheathes where they pass deep to retinacula
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/flexorforearm.html (2944 words)

	US of Nerve Entrapments in Osteofibrous Tunnels of the Upper and Lower Limbs -- Martinoli et al. 20 (Supplement 1): 199 ...
		The flexor retinaculum (medium gray region in a and c; open arrowheads in b and d) forms the roof of the carpal tunnel and the floor of the Guyon tunnel.
		retinaculum of the carpal tunnel, the cubital tunnel retinaculum
		the flexor digitorum longus tendon and superficial to the flexor
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/20/suppl_1/S199 (7203 words)

	Functional Anatomy of Hand
		The whole mechanism of flexor tendon, its sheath and fibrocartilage to which it is attached at the MPJ and IPJ, all move smoothly together- thus the slightest adherence due to scar from trauma, infection, burn, Rheumatoid inflammation or prolonged immobilization will be disastrous for effective hand function.
		After passing under the flexor retinaculum, the tendon covered by its fibrous flexor sheath distal to the MPJ is inserted into the flexor surface of the base of the terminal phalanx of thumb.
		the Flexor pollicis brevis flexes and adducts the proximal phalanx.
	www.angelfire.com /me4/bashar/Docs/Hands.html (3545 words)

	muscles of the feet
		The flexor digitorum longus is a deep muscle originating from the middle half of the back of the tibia and runs deep under the foot inserting in the bases of the distal phalanges of the second, third, fourth, and fifth toes.
		The flexor hallucis longus (flexor of the big toe) is a large superficial muscle that lies on the fibular side of the leg.
		The tibialis posterior is a deep muscle that lies between the flexor longus digitorum and the flexor longus hallucis.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/m1feet.htm (1413 words)

	The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome \| Deborah Pate, DC, DACBR
		Anatomically, the carpal tunnel is formed by all the carpals of the wrist, which is deepened by the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium on the radial side and by the pisiform and hook of the hamate on the ulnar side.
		This concavity is converted into a tunnel by the tough flexor retinaculum which stretches between the tubercle of the scaphoid and ulnar styloid.
		The eight flexors of the fingers, the long flexor of the thumb, and the median nerve all share the space in the tunnel.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/10/15/20.html (698 words)

	Technique
		The middle flexor layer is comprised of the following: the flexor digitorum superficialis, originating from the humeral medial epicondyle; the tubercle of the coracoid process; and the anterior oblique line of the radius.
		The ulnar nerve and artery are in a separate penetration of the flexor retinaculum rejoining the carpal tunnel.
		The carpal tunnel itself is formed by the flexor retinaculum, extending from the pisiform and Hook of Hamate bones to the tubercles of the scaphoid (navicular) and trapezium carpal bones.
	www.amtamassage.org /journal/sp_01_journal/carpal_tunnel2.htm (1418 words)

	The Extrinsic Muscles of the Hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus enter a common synovial sheath deep to the flexor retinaculum.
		The halves of the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis are attached to the margins of the middle phalanx.
		The tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus passes through the split in the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis and attaches to the base of the distal phalanx.
	info.med.yale.edu /anatomy/notes/upper-limb7-4.html (175 words)

	Surgical method and instrument therefor - Patent 5089000
		A method as recited in claim 7 wherein the cutting blade of the surgical instrument contacts the flexor retinaculum at its distal end and divides the flexor retinaculum while the probe is withdrawn from the carpal tunnel.
		A method as recited in claim 9 wherein the probe is configured to be inserted into the carpal tunnel before the flexor retinaculum is divided; and wherein said cutting blade contacts the flexor retinaculum at its distal end and divides the flexor retinaculum while the probe is withdrawn from the carpal tunnel.
		The carpal tunnel is formed by an arch of the eight wrist bones, spanned on its palmar surface by the transverse carpal ligament, the flexor retinaculum.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5089000.html (7980 words)

	A Closer Look At Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
		As it courses distally closer to the medial malleolus, the fascia thickens and forms the flexor retinaculum, which overlies the nerve at this area.
		Fibrous septae from the retinaculum separate the nerve and posterior tibial artery from the flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and posterior tibial tendons.
		Although release of the flexor retinaculum is possible endoscopically, distal release of the abductor hallucis deep fascia and the first branch of the lateral plantar nerve is quite difficult with this technique.
	www.podiatrytoday.com /article/2136 (2364 words)

	AANS.org \| Education and Meetings \| AANS Scientific Journals \| Neurosurgical Focus
		In the forearm, the median nerve travels in the epimysium of the flexor digitorum superficialis volar to the flexor digitorum superficialis and palmar to the flexor digitorum profundus.
		As the median nerve approaches the wrist, it passes radially to emerge between the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor carpi radialis.
		Variations in the anatomy of the median nerve at the wrist are of importance to the surgeon dividing the flexor retinaculum.
	aans.org /education/journal/neurosurgical/july97/3-1-1.asp?... (2709 words)

	eMedicine - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : Article by Patrick Browning, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The flexor retinaculum, or transverse carpal ligament, attaches to the scaphoid tubercle, the ridge of the trapezium, and the ulnar aspect of the hook of the hamate and pisiform.
		The separate flexor digitorum superficialis tendons are arranged in two rows, with the tendons to the third and fourth digits positioned volar to the tendons of the second and fifth digits.
		With the wrist in a neutral position, the median nerve is seen anterior to the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon of the index finger or posterolaterally between the flexor digitorum tendon of the index finger and flexor pollicis longus tendon.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic135.htm (4061 words)

	Flexor Retinaculum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		: (1) tibialis posterior, (2) flexor digitorum longus, (3) tibial nerve and posterior tibial vessels, and (4) flexor hallucis longus.
		Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome (TTS) etiology is associated with hypertrophic abductor hallucis muscle, tenosynovitis, or spontaneous entrapment of the tibial nerve beneath the flexor retinaculum and deep fascia along the medial border of the foot.
		In addition, stretching the flexor retinaculum and the abductor hallucis muscle further compresses the tibial nerve and its branches within the tarsal tunnel.
	cis-ps2.osu-com.okstate.edu /hector/low_limb/FlexorRetinaculumtr.htm (311 words)

	[No title]
		Abductor and flexor brevis muscles in both the thenar and hypothenar compartments are difficult to separate due to similar fiber arrangement and close proximity.
		Are the flexor carpi radialis tendon and the ulnar nerve in the carpal tunnel?
		is motor to the flexor muscles of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus),the muscles of the thenar compartment and the lateral 2 lumbricalsproper palmar digital nn.common palmar digital branches of the median n.; common palmar digital branches of the superficial br.
	www.uams.edu /m2004/gross_tables/9-1.doc (1433 words)

	Lab Manual - Hand
		Reflect the palmar aponeurosis distalward, separating it from the palmaris longus and the flexor retinaculum, defining the distal border of the latter.
		Trace the ulnar artery and nerve into the palm across the flexor retinaculum to the interval between the hook of the hamate and the pisiform.
		Pull the long flexor tendons toward the fingers from beneath the superficial palmar arterial arch and trace the tendons of the long flexors to the flexor digital sheaths.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/hand.html (1232 words)

	Ulnar nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike the median nerve which travels below the flexor retinaculum of the hand and through the carpal tunnel, the ulnar nerve and artery pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum via the ulnar canal.
		The dorsal branch runs posteriorly beneath the flexor carpi ulnaris, perforates the deep fascia, and, running along the ulnar side of the back of the wrist and hand, divides into two dorsal digital branches; one supplies the ulnar side of the little finger; the other, the adjacent sides of the little and ring fingers.
		The palmar branch represents the continuation of the ulnar nerve as it crosses the flexor retinaculum of the hand on the lateral side of the pisiform bone, medial to and a little behind the ulnar artery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ulnar_nerve (946 words)

	Flexor retinaculum
		Frame processing technology flexor retinaculum combines the flexor tendons are tissues that connect the muscles to bone.
		Flexor retinaculum your finger may be reconstructed with a satisfactory flexor retinaculum outcome.
		It is flexor retinaculum defined as the mcp joint should flex.
	flexor.thebomaster.com /flexor-retinaculum.html (332 words)

	Median nerve
		In the forearm, the median nerve supplies flexors to digits II-V. • At the wrist, the median nerve lies lateral to sublimis tendons between the flexor carpi radialis and the palmaris longus.
		A palmar cutaneous branch leaves the nerve proximal to the carpal tunnel, and runs along the ulnar side of the flexor carpi radialis tendon superficial to the flexor retinaculum.
		The median nerve descends in the forearm adherent to the undersurface of the flexor digitorum sublimis and lying superficial to the flexor digitorum profundus.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/09.2-PeriphNerve-Upper/MedianNerve.html (1293 words)

	eMedicine - Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome : Article by Gianni Persich, DPM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the tibial nerve or its associated branches as it passes underneath the flexor retinaculum at the ankle level or distally.
		The flexor retinaculum (laciniate ligament) constitutes the roof of the tarsal tunnel and is formed by the deep fascia of the leg and the deep transverse fascia of the ankle.
		The posterior tibial nerve lies between the posterior tibial muscle and the flexor digitorum longus muscle in the proximal region of the leg and then passes in between the flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus muscle in the distal region of the leg.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic565.htm (3994 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)