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Topic: Flicker fusion threshold

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Flicker fusion
		The flicker fusion threshold varies with brightness (it is higher for brighter lights) and with location on the retina where the light falls: the rod cells have a faster response than the cone cells, so flicker can be seen in peripheral vision at higher frequencies than in foveal vision.
		Flicker fusion is important in all technologies for presenting moving images, nearly all of which depend on presenting a rapid succession of static images (e.g.
		Entropy of fusion The Entropy of fusion of a substance represents the increase in the degree of disorder involved in the...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Flicker-fusion (516 words)

	art172 index
		The flicker fusion rate or threshold is a concept in the psychophysics of vision.
		The flicker fusion threshold varies with brightness (it is higher for brighter lights) and with location on the retina where the light falls: the rod cells have a faster response than the cone cells, so flicker can be seen in peripheral vision at higher frequencies than in foveal vision.
		Flicker fusion is key in all technologies for presenting moving images, nearly all of which depend on presenting a rapid succession of static images (e.g.
	art.berkeley.edu /coursework/niemeyer/courses/art172/art_172_wk01/index.htm (1941 words)

	OSH Answers: Lighting Ergonomics - Light Flicker
		Light flicker refers to quick, repeated changes in light intensity - light that appears to flutter and be unsteady.
		The light flicker may be detected by its stroboscopic effect.
		Incandescent lights usually do not cause a flicker problem since the light filaments generally do not cool quickly enough (and make the light dimmer) during the "off" time as the voltage changes in the AC power line.
	www.ccohs.ca /oshanswers/ergonomics/lighting_flicker.html (1107 words)

	Flicker fusion threshold - Definition, explanation
		Like all psychophysical thresholdss, the flicker fusion threshold is a statistical rather than an absolute quantity.
		The flicker fusion threshold is also higher for a fatigued observer.
		The frame rate used in cine projection (48 Hz, each frame shown twice), television (50 or 60 Hertz interlaced), and computer displays (60 to 110 Hertz) therefore allows a reasonable margin for error or unusual viewing conditions.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/f/fl/flicker_fusion_threshold.php (381 words)

	Flicker fusion threshold - The Brain - tribe.net
		Flicker fusion threshold - The Brain - tribe.net
		I'm curious about information on the flicker fusion threshold relative to conscious vision and that which we are not conscious of.
		So it seems that these stimuli are within the flicker fusion threshold for most of us, yet we are still unconsciously affected by the flicker that we cannot consciously see.
	thebrain.tribe.net /thread/ed9382f4-a59b-44d1-ba8b-4c2f4311019e (299 words)

	A Possible Screening Test for Alzheimer's Disease-Part XlII
		Asking individuals to press a button when they notice a change in a flickering light (descending) and when they notice the light starting to flicker (ascending) was used as a basis of trying to distinguish normal from Alzheimer’s diseased individuals.
		Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold and descending thresholds were significantly lower in patients with Alzheimer’s disease compared with normal controls, but ascending thresholds were not significantly different in the two groups.
		In addition, in the patient group, ascending thresholds were also significantly higher than descending thresholds and this latter finding is a reversal of the situation seen in normal elderly subjects; thus might be a characteristic feature of Alzheimer’s disease.
	www.therubins.com /alzheim/alztest13.htm (708 words)

	Journal of Vision - The relationship between flicker fusion and subliminally induced neural plasticity, by Holloway, ...
		Journal of Vision - The relationship between flicker fusion and subliminally induced neural plasticity, by Holloway, Náñez Sr, Seitz, and Watanabe
		Critical flicker fusion threshold (CFFT) is the lowest level of continuous flicker that is perceived as a steady source of light and has historically been shown to be remarkably stable within and across multiple days of testing.
		Holloway, S. R., Náñez Sr, J. E., Seitz, A. R., and Watanabe, T. The relationship between flicker fusion and subliminally induced neural plasticity [Abstract].
	www.journalofvision.org /5/12/14 (271 words)

	What do dogs see? A review of Vision in dogs
		The minimum threshold of light for vision in cats is six times lower than that for humans, and the although the minimum threshold for dogs is thought to somewhat greater than that for cats, it is still much lower than that for humans.
		The frequency at which rapidly flickering light fuses appears to fuse into a constantly illuminated light is termed "flicker fusion" and can be used by investigators to gain information about the retinal rods and cones.
		It appears that the flicker fusion rate for most dogs may be as high as 70 to 80 Hz.
	psychlops.psy.uconn.edu /eric/class/dogvision.html (0 words)

	Kolasinski Dissertation
		However, one aspect associated with flicker is a property of the individual: the flicker fusion frequency threshold, also known as the critical fusion frequency.
		Grandjean (1988) indicated that the human flicker fusion frequency threshold is a circadian bodily function which increases by day and decreases by night.
		Thorough investigation of the flicker fusion frequency threshold should include observations of sickness for each individual at several times during the day to address diurnal changes.
	www.hitl.washington.edu /scivw/kolasinski/rol.html (0 words)

	FlexWATCH e-Newsletter
		Large wireless network projects are being put up in many major cities, Google is providing a free service to Mountain View, California[1] and has entered a bid to do the same for San Francisco[2], New York City has also begun a pilot program to cover all five boroughs of the city with wireless internet.
		These rates would be impractical for the actual frame rate of most film mechanisms so the shutter in the projection devices is actually arranged to interrupt the light two or three times for every film frame.
		The "frame rate" of interlaced systems is usually defined as the number of complete frames (pairs of fields) transmitted each second (25 or 30 in most broadcast systems).
	www.flexwatch.com /Seyeon_eng/newsletter/FlexWATCH_News_061130.htm (591 words)

	Studies in Humans
		examined the effect of PHT in six normal volunteers with regard to critical flicker fusion threshold (CFF).
		No significant change in CFF was observed at 200, 300 and 400 mg of PHT, as tested hourly from one to seven hours after ingestion of PHT.
		Houghton, G. W., Latham, A. N., and Richens, A., Difference in the central actions of phenytoin and phenobarbitone in man, measured by critical flicker fusion threshold, Europ.
	www.remarkablemedicine.com /Clinical/basicmechanisms/otherstudies/studies.html (508 words)

	Claroxan - Best Price on Claroxan 100% Secure Ordering!
		Claroxan not only increases the distance at which you can see an object-- it also increases the speed your eyes can pick up on an object.
		A July 2005 clinical study showed that people with high pigment density also had high "flicker fusion thresholds".
		A person's flicker fusion threshold is actually a measure of temporal vision, or vision processing speeds.
	www.tritonhealth.com /claroxan.php (204 words)

	Psy-Geo Provflux 2005 :: FLOTSPOTPro :: Laurel Beckman
		The human flicker fusion threshold is gauged at 16 Hertz (cycles per second): The observer can visually perceive the pulsation of light occurring 16 times per second or less.
		Carefully observed light flicker encourages human brainwave (hz) synchronization rates for Deep Relaxation (Alpha 8-13 hz), Semi-consciousness (Theta 4-7 hz), and Deep Unconsciousness (Delta.5-3.5 hz).
		It is hoped that the increased availability of flicker locations will encourage the viability and productivity of collective trance states.
	www.pipsworks.com /contact/projects/flotspot.html (305 words)

	Flicker free resizable custom control - The Code Project - Button Controls
		The article describes the problem and the technique used to solve the flickering.
		The issue was that the dialog box would erase my custom control as it erased its own background.
		Therefore, every time I resized the dialog, I would get a flicker due to the dialog box painting grey over my control before the control repainted itself.
	www.codeproject.com /buttonctrl/NoFlicker.asp (0 words)

	Flicker fusion thresholds in Best macular dystrophy.
		Flicker fusion threshold intensities were measured as a function of flicker frequency for patients with Best macular dystrophy having normal or near-normal Snellen visual acuity.
		These data were found to differ from normal in ways that may be interpreted to be an abnormal elevation of the foveal cone threshold, a loss of cone temporal resolution, or both.
		The results led to the conclusion that Best macular dystrophy affects the neurosensory retina even when Snellen visual acuity is normal.
	www.medscape.com /medline/abstract/869758 (145 words)

	Flicker/Fusion Frequency (FLIM)
		In the increasing process the frequency of a flickering light is augmented until a constant light is perceived.
		Additionally a diagram with the threshold values measured during the individual measurement cycles is displayed as well as the test protocol.
		Parallel to the decrease of the flicker and fusion frequencies, corresponding changes in other performance parameters were found (memory, attention, reaction speed etc.).
	www.schuhfried.co.at /eng/wts/flim.htm (481 words)

	Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 6035 : Time course of mental and psychomotor effects of 30 per cent nitrous oxide during ...
		Their mental and psychomotor skills were measured using free recall, tapping board, arithmetic and flicker fusion tests before and 2, 12, 22 and 32 min after establishing and end-tidal concentration of N2O of 30 per cent.
		In the second experiment, 8 subjects received both 30 per cent N2O and oxygen in cross-over fashion, and their flicker fusion threshold was measured.
		In flicker fusion tests, the effects of N2O were similar to those of stimulant drugs; N2O improved the subjects' ability to discriminate the fusion of flickering light.
	www.erowid.org /references/refs_view.php?ID=6035 (312 words)

	Human factors in VR
		Flicker in the display has been cited as a contributor to simulator sickness (Frank et al, 1983; Kolasinski, 1995; Pausch et al, 1992).
		Flicker is also distracting and contributes to eye fatigue (Pausch et al, 1992).
		There is a wide range of sensitivities to flicker between individuals, and also a daily variation within individuals (the threshold for detection of flicker tends to reduce at night) (Boff and Lincoln, 1988).
	www.ehto.org /ht_projects/vrepar/HFACT.HTM (5460 words)

	The Finnish Clinical Test for Drunkenness in Evaluating the Effects of Drugs on Driving Fitness
		Psychomotor laboratory tests included simulated driving, digit symbol substitution, divided attention, critical flicker fusion, Maddox wing, body sway, memory and learning, and 'global' psychomotor laboratory test performance and subjective assessments with visual analogue scales and questionnaires on side-effects.
		The present study was conducted to investigate the applicability of the CTD to detect the effects of drugs acting on the central nervous system (CNS).
		The relationships between BACs and blood BZD concentrations (after acute and chronic use), and psychomotor performance on the CTD were studied in two field studies using medicolegal data files on a total of 387,770 Finnish drivers kept centrally by the National Public Health Institute.
	www.druglibrary.org /schaffer/Misc/driving/s17p6.htm (1414 words)

	A flicker of hope
		This is the point at which the brain perceives a flickering light to be solid, he said.
		Holloway's project tests the relationship between subliminal learning and the brain's ability to perceive a flicker that is viewed as a solid light.
		Holloway's research suggests that a person's CFF threshold can be modified, which could open possibilities to treatment for reading disabilities.
	www.azcentral.com /community/westvalley/articles/0615wvholloway0615Z1.html (521 words)

	Ergonomic Issues of Virtual Reality Systems (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The flickering of the displays involves the risk that some users may suffer attacks (above all at a flicker frequency of 8 to 12 Hz).
		The measurement of the flicker fusion frequency before and after stress is a suitable method for the measurement of psychical and visual strain.
		The decrease of the flicker fusion frequency can be assumed as nearly linear through time.
	vr.iao.fhg.de /papers/hci/ergonomi-en.htm (4014 words)

	ASU Public Affairs - News Releases Archive
		The research project, “Critical Flicker Fusion Threshold as a Function of Subliminal Neural Plasticity,” was presented late last year at the Academy’s 24th annual conference.
		Critical flicker fusion (CFF) is the lowest level of continuous flicker that is perceived as a steady source of light.
		The ability to resolve visual modulation, or “flicker,” is believed to be limited by the primary visual system, because even though the eye can process high rates of flicker (up to 120 hertz, or cycles per second), the visual cortex cannot.
	www.west.asu.edu /publicaffairs/publicrelations/newsarchive.cfm?a=110 (949 words)

	Claroxan: The leader in vision improvement
		Claroxan not only improves the distance at which you can see an object-- it also improves the speed your eyes can pick up on an object.
		A July 2005 clinical study found that people with high pigment density also had high "flicker fusion thresholds" (14).
		A person's flicker fusion threshold is basically a measure of temporal vision, or vision processing speeds.
	www.intelamart.com /claroxan.asp (435 words)

	art172 index
		Department of Art Practice, Center for New Media, Fall 2007
		The illusion of motion in moving pictures is based on one sensitivity of human perception, flicker fusion.
		It is defined as the frequency at which all flicker of an intermittent light stimulus disappears, and the intermittant light appears to be continuous.
	studio.berkeley.edu /coursework/niemeyer/courses/art172/art_172_wk01/index.htm (1989 words)

	Diazepam ( Valium, Diazemuls, Stesolid, Valclair )
		The various tasks used to assess drug effects were classified into six major groups based on apparent similarity of functions tapped.
		These groupings are: reflex speed; critical flicker fusion threshold; attention and vigilance; decision making; learning and memory; psychomotor performance.
		In all functions except simple reflexive responding; some indications of impaired performances were reported, the results being most definitive for the critical flicker fusion where even small doses lowered the threshold and for a slower performance on letter cancellation tasks.
	www.biopsychiatry.com /diazepam.htm (0 words)

	DOT HS 809 642
		The effects of treatment on laboratory tests of critical flicker fusion threshold, choice reaction time and tracking accuracy and on self-assessments of sedation were also examined.
		Measures of critical flicker fusion threshold and self-ratings of sedation also revealed that amitriptyline produced a significant degree of sedation at 4 hours when compared to zimeldine and placebo.
		The sensitivity of the driving test and the critical flicker fusion frequency test were shown by the significant overall effect of alcohol which did not discriminate between the two prior treatments.
	www.nhtsa.dot.gov /people/injury/research/StateofKnwlegeDrugs/StateofKnwlegeDrugs/pages/4Experimental.html (17732 words)

	[No title]
		On measures of CNS arousal (critical flicker fusion), psychomotor speed (choice reaction time (RT)), skilled performance (compensatory tracking), and subjective ratings of sedation (line analog rating scales) the tricyclic compounds clearly impaired performance and led to higher ratings of sedation.
		Measures of cortical flicker fusion (CFF, an indicator of alertness and cortical arousal changes), were recorded.
		AB Studied the problem of the threshold value of life events and the role of long-term problems as provoking agents or as vulnerability factors in the etiology and onset of anxiety, depression, and mixed anxiety and depression.
	www.uic.edu /classes/comm/comm201/stexper.html (4372 words)

	TFH Gaming.com - The Definitive Source for Gaming Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These problems are known to contribute to a disorder known as asthenopia, which Stone described as a type of oculomotor instability.
		Display flicker (CRT refresh rate) reveals that flicker is something to be avoided if at all possible since it is distracting, induces eye fatigue, and appears to be associated with simulator sickness (e.g., Harwood & Foley, 1987; Pausch et al., 1992; Rinalducci & MacArthur).
		The perception of flicker differs among individuals and depends on an individual's flicker fusion frequency threshold, as discussed in the previous section.
	www.gamingillustrated.com /video_game_sickness.php (1104 words)

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