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Topic: Flight control surfaces

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	Aircraft flight control systems - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since an increase in control surface area in bigger and faster aircraft leads to a large increase in the forces needed to move them, complicated mechanical arrangements are used to extract maximum mechanical advantage in order to make the forces required bearable to the pilots.
		The servo valves control the movement of the actuators.
		Mechanical and hydraulic flight control systems are heavy and require careful routing of flight control cables through the airplane using systems of pulley and cranks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flight_control_system (2079 words)

	Flight controls - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary control of yaw is with the rudder.
		Because they are furthest from the pivot point of the main control surface, their small aerodynamic effects are magnified by leverage to achieve the deflection of the main surface.
		Control horns may also incorporate a counterweight which helps to balance the control and prevent it from "fluttering" in the airstream.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flight_controls (2041 words)

	New Page 1
		The flight control surfaces are stiff, movable parts of the blimp that are mounted to the tail.
		The elevators are used to control the angle of ascent or descent (pitch axis) of the blimp.
		Flight surface controls - control the rudder (left/right movement) and the elevators (up/down movement).
	www.aero.iitb.ac.in /~airships/airship2.html (765 words)

	Flight Control Surfaces
		The elevators control the angle of attack of the wings.
		Some airplanes have trim tabs on all three control surfaces that are adjustable from the cockpit; others have them only on the elevator and rudder; and some have them only on the elevator.
		The tab is moved in the direction opposite that of the primary control surface, to relieve pressure on the control wheel or rudder control.
	www.aviation-history.com /theory/flt_ctl.htm (756 words)

	FA-18 Hornet Flight Control System Review
		That desired response is fed to the primary flight controls as an output of the airplane's current control laws.
		The flight control computer outputs position the hydraulic flight control surface actuators via servos, and the desired aircraft response is achieved.
		Flight control systems switching valves, used to change the hydraulic system that operates a servo in the event of a hydraulic failure, have their own built-in-tests that are run whenever the primary hydraulic circuit pressure is removed from the switching valve.
	www.safetycenter.navy.mil /media/approach/vault/articles/2004/0681.htm (1242 words)

	flight 427
		The control surfaces move in response to pilot control inputs through the action of hydraulic actuators.
		At lower airspeeds, the opposing force is not as great and the actuator can move the surface further into the airstream, resulting in a larger deflection; at higher airspeeds, the actuator can not move the surface as far, since the airstream is “blowing” the surface back “down” to its neutral position.
		This airplane was flying at a slower airspeed than the 427 flight, and there is a greater motion of the rudder and the rudder pedal due to the lower aerodynamic forces opposing rudder motion.
	www.eurosafetyinternational.com /library/videos/flight427.htm (1085 words)

	World war and aviation. Flight control instruments developed before World War II.
		Without the ability to control the flight of an aircraft, from takeoff to landing, despite clouds, haze, smoke, snow and other obscurations to earth and particularly earth's horizon reference, the progress of aviation, strong in its first three decades, would have been completely stunted.
		The Wright brothers knew they needed a flight control to counteract the tendency of their airframe to roll to one side or the other.
		Just a few short years after the Wrights' first flight in 1903, Glenn Curtiss improved on wing warping by providing the triangular sections at the end of the wing of his "June Bug," the early "aileron." After the Wright's "elevator" and "rudder," this "aileron" became the third discrete flight control surface.
	www.daileyint.com /flying/flying2.htm (1251 words)

	CONCORDE SST : FLIGHT SYSTEMS
		On the flight deck, a display in the centre panel shows the positions of the flight control surfaces and also what electrical or mechanical channel is currently being used to control them.
		On a traditionally controlled aircraft the controls would be harder to operate when the deflection of the control surfaces is increased at high speeds due to air resistance.
		On Concorde, the artificial feel system re-instates this resistance into the controls to make the aircraft handle as a traditional aircraft would, as otherwise the flight control would just move to where they were sent, with very little effort by the pilot, making it very easy to over-control the aircraft.
	www.concordesst.com /flightsys.html (842 words)

	SBIR/STTR Interactive Topic Information System (SITIS)
		The objective of this research is to demonstrate the integration of flight control and active flow control for a small or micro (wing span of less than ten feet) unmanned air vehicle.
		A goal is to demonstrate the use of aerodynamic flow control to reduce or eliminate the use of conventional aerodynamic flight-control surfaces.
		The vehicle may be flown autonomously or piloted remotely, but the active flow control actuators should be fully integrated with the flight control system such that no special input by a pilot is required for use of the flow control actuator(s).
	www.dodsbir.net /sitis/archives_display_topic.asp?Bookmark=20097 (719 words)

	DISCONNECT - A Cautionary Tale of Aviation Safety
		Safe flight depends on the pilot maintaining authority over flight control surfaces that are required to control the aircraft.
		With the control rod disconnected from the elevator actuator, the pilot was unable to control the aircraft.
		In critical flight control linkages, objecting on grounds of cost to at least having a standard available to address the problem of improper locking device installation is of questionable probity.
	www.aerospaceproducts.com /disconnect.html (3398 words)

	The use of Neutron Radiography in the Inspection of Aircraft Composite Flight Control Surfaces
		The indications by neutron radiography for all inspected flight control surfaces from these three aircraft, together with the rudders from the other two aircraft inspected at McClellan AFB and RMC, are summarized in Table 1.
		Of all the flight control surfaces inspected, a preliminary analysis suggests that the rudders have had the greatest structural degradation.
		Further analysis of the maximum allowable degradation for each of the flight control surfaces needs to be completed, together with inspections of a greater number of flight control surfaces to identify any trends that may be present.
	www.ndt.net /article/pacndt98/9/9.htm (1543 words)

	Parts Cleaning Web - Archives
		The flight control surfaces on which Derlan works range from flaps, vanes, and ground spoilers to wing-to-body fairings, elevators, and horizontal and vertical stabilizers.
		Aircraft flight control surfaces coated with oils, grease, and other aviation lubricants are cleaned before overhaul.
		Prior to their purchase of the high-pressure aqueous cleaning center, Derlan’s cleaning of the flight control surfaces was, in Trevett’s words, "very labor intensive." Flight control surfaces were manually cleaned using solvents, brushes, and rags.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/05/04270.htm (679 words)

	Virtual F16 Motion Simulator for AFCS Research and Development - Readme
		The F16 aircraft is widely studied in the modern control literature due to the unstable longitudinal dynamics, which make flight control system design for the F16 a challenging endeavor.
		The flight control system status may also be modified using the keyboard commands listed in Table 5.
		Each control algorithm, the elevator failure, the sound, and the reference body-axis coordinate system may be toggled on or off at any time by clicking on the appropriate button.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~karpenko/F16/F16_readme.html (1857 words)

	Flight Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The rudder is used for directional control, yaw, and is hydraulically actuated.
		The spoilers are used for roll control and upon landing to 'spoil' the flow of air over the wing.
		These large control surfaces can be independently controlled for pitch and roll control.
	homepages.enterprise.net /corkish/History/flight_control.htm (148 words)

	ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATION FEASIBILITY STUDY
		An alternate to hydraulic actuation of primary flight control surfaces is desirable.
		Electromechanical actuation of primary flight controls is feasible and practical using the most recent advances in the state-of-the-art in magnetic materials for high-performance servomotors, high-current-capacity transistor switches for motor power control, and digital microprocessors for servo and redundancy management logic.
		The control surface performance requirements and methods of analysis are presented for direct drive electromechanical power servos.
	quanterion.com /Documents/Documents.asp?ArgVal=30 (195 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		There is NO mechanical linkage between the stick and rudder pedals and the flight control surfaces.
		The FCC software determines what commands are transmitted to the various flight control surfaces, so the pilot is to some extent only a voting member.
		As part of his or her takeoff checks the pilot pushes a trim knob that sets all of the flight control surfaces for takeoff.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/sep_02_08.php (786 words)

	Radio-Frequency Wireless Flight-Control System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Hydraulics were introduced to provide the pilot with the capability to manipulate the flight-control surfaces on the wings and tail of the aircraft.
		Considerable experimentation was done to explore the size and distribution of the near-field diffraction and interference patterns associated with the hangar and the placement of the airframe in the line-of-sight path between the wireless transceivers.
		When the control switches were placed in the "RF mode" position, the WFCS digital RF data link passed the control data for the actuator servo valve to control movement of the aileron.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Feb00/DRC9908.html (1248 words)

	TUBdok - Robust sampled-data control of hydraulic flight control actuators
		In todays flight-by-wire systems the primary flight control surfaces of modern commercial and transport aircraft are driven by electro hydraulic linear actuators.
		Changing flight conditions as well as nonlinear actuator dynamics may be interpreted as parameter uncertainties of the linear actuator model.
		Therefore, a static output controller is choosen, the model discretized by approximation and the specifications represented by eigenvalue location.
	doku.b.tu-harburg.de /volltexte/2006/299 (243 words)

	Neutron Radiography of Aircraft Composite Flight Control Surfaces
		An initial trial was set up to investigate the flight control surfaces of 3 aircraft, to determine the parameters for a final licensed system, and to compare the results to other non-destructive methods.
		As well, to expedite inspections so that all flight control surfaces from one aircraft could be completed in less than two weeks, there was a need to decrease the exposure time by both faster film/conversion screen combinations and by incorporating the capability of near real-time, digital radioscopy.
		Therefore, in order to inspect the large aircraft flight controls, including the horizontal stabilizer (which was not inspected during the first 3-aircraft trial due to its size), significant modifications to the Facility were required (Figures 4 and 5).
	www.ndt.net /article/ecndt02/1/1.htm (2136 words)

	Small-Pogo Project
		I've figured out a way to connect up the flight controls using aluminum tubing for the hinge barrel and a piano wire for the hinge pin.
		On the rotator controls the near (to the servo) one will be driven directly one direction while the far one will be driven the opposite direction through the hinge pin.
		Instead of using a separate set of controls for rotation I can use the mixing feature of the transmitter and use two of the basic four for both lateral (coordinated) and rotational (asymetric) control.
	www.alt-accel.com /s-pogo/up-feb8a.htm (1143 words)

	Dryden Technical Reports Server
		Flight tests of a propulsion-controlled aircraft (PCA) system on an F-15 airplane have been conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center.
		The airplane was flown with all flight control surfaces locked both in the manual throttles-only mode and in an augmented system mode.
		Flight evaluation results showed that the PCA system can be used to land an airplane that has suffered a major flight control system failure safely.
	dtrs.dfrc.nasa.gov /archive/00000239 (250 words)

	Smart Flight Control Surfaces With Microelectromechanical Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		In this paper, smart flight control surfaces are designed using multi-node microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to displace control surfaces and change the surface geometry.
		The desired pitch, roll, and yaw moments are produced, drag can be reduced, and unsteady aerodynamic flows are controlled by smart flight control surfaces.
		We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the application of smart flight control surfaces for coordinated longitudinal and lateral vehicle control.
	www.ewh.ieee.org /soc/aes/taes/aes382/3820543.htm (173 words)

	Free Term Papers on Aircraft Flght Controls
		The flight controls are extremely important and every pilot needs to have a basic understanding of how they work.
		Using the yoke and rudder pedals, the pilot deflects the flight control surfaces to maneuver the aircraft.
		In most aircraft, the three primary flight controls are the ailerons, elevators and the rudder.
	www.freefortermpapers.com /show_essay/817.html (296 words)

	Dryden Technical Reports Server
		With modern digital control systems, using engine thrust for emergency flight control to supplement or replace failed aircraft normal flight controls has become a practical consideration.
		Preliminary studies have also been conducted that show that engines on only one wing can provide some flight control capability if the lateral center of gravity can be shifted toward the side of the airplane that has the operating engine(s).
		Simulator tests of several airplanes with no flight control surfaces operating and all engines out on the left wing have all shown positive control capability within the available range of lateral center-of-gravity offset.
	dtrs.dfrc.nasa.gov /archive/00000147 (320 words)

	Flight Control Actuator Analysis and Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Designed for recent graduates of engineering or for practicing engineers outside the aerospace industry who need practical exposure to the types of actuation hardware, sensors, and design practice used on both commercial and military aircraft.
		Students should have an acquaintance with control design software (MATLAB is used in the course for certain example problems).
		Overview of aircraft flight control surfaces, components, and functions: primary flight control, secondary flight control; trim and feel, power control units
	www.kuce.org /aero/pfv.php?aid=17 (254 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Blimps Work"
		The two engines on the blimp provide the thrust necessary to move ahead.
		When the engines are not running, electric fans move air into the ballonets.
		The control panels used by the pilots include the following:
	travel.howstuffworks.com /blimp1.htm (962 words)

	Electrical Actuation for Aircraft Flight Control Surfaces
		The focus of the effort was the motor drive, which includes the controller, inverter, and motor used to control the EMA.
		Researchers created the program to demonstrate to members of the user community, both military and industry, that a small, lightweight, efficient high-horsepower electric actuation system was a viable alternative to hydraulic actuation systems.
		The concept of the more electric aircraft (MEA) initiative is to use electrical power for driving aircraft subsystems that are currently powered by hydraulic, pneumatic, or mechanical means including utility and flight control actuation, environmental control system, lubrication and fuel pumps, and numerous other utility functions.
	www.afrlhorizons.com /Briefs/Dec01/PR0103.html (515 words)

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