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	Flint (tool) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-05-31)
		Flint tools were made in stone age times by primitive peoples worldwide.
		Paleolithic tools were relatively simple, repeated small flakes being struck or pressed from a flint until the required shape was achieved.
		Freshly made flint tools are very sharp, much sharper than the bronze or even iron blades that replaced them.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/f/fl/flint__tool_.html (150 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Flint Tools
		The earliest technology was a tool kit of haphazardly shaped chopping, cutting, and scraping implements fashioned from pebbles.
		From the later stone ages, archaeologists have identified some 60 or 70 standard kinds of intricate tools with very specific purposes.
		Tools like these can be made by direct percussion (using a hammerstone or other implement to knock flakes from the raw material) or indirect percussion (using the hammerstone to strike a chisel-like tool that is precisely positioned on the raw material).
	encarta.msn.com /media_461516366/Flint_Tools.html (115 words)

	Welcome to GoLive CyberStudio 3
		Flint was a common material used by the Mississippians in the manufacture of utilitarian and ceremonial tools and weapons.
		As these flint hoes were repeatedly used to break up the soil, a glass-like polish began appearing on the hoe’s bit from the glassine chemicals in the plant material.
		Flint celts tend to be made of Dover flint and their find and distribution patterns suggest that they occur most frequently in Southeast Tennessee and surrounding areas.
	www.mississippian-artifacts.com /html/flinti.html (1102 words)

	Synchronicity
		Flint is a difficult material to `read', pieces with major flaws can be discounted by the dull noise they make when struck but many apparently faultless flints shatter due to internal stresses or microscopic flaws.
		The absolute worth of flints as tools is something he doesn't like to be drawn on, for as he says it was irrelevant when there was no alternative and when the raw material for new tools was immediately to hand, when the need arose.
		The importance of stone and stone tools to hunter gatherers is demonstrated by the fact that scientific examination of raw stones, part worked stones and finished stone artifacts shows they were often transported considerable distances from their point of origin.
	www.gec.dircon.co.uk /synchro/flint.htm (1934 words)

	Flint Knapping Tools
		In the case of pressure chipping, the flake of flint is detached by applied pressure or force rather than by the use of a hammerstone or billet.
		The bone tool is placed on the preform edge which serves as the striking platform, and pressure is applied by hand to remove the flake.
		The tool became blunted and marred from contact with the flint in use as a pressure applicator, and this should be evident for proper identification of the flaking tool (Figure 28e).
	www.ou.edu /cas/archsur/OKArtifacts/knapping.htm (495 words)

	The Carmel Caves: Dwellings of Prehistoric Man
		Flint tools, animal bones and human burials found in the Carmel Caves contribute greatly to the understanding of the physical and cultural evolution of man in the early phases of his existence.
		Small flint tools, made of thin flakes, predominate here, many produced by the Levallois technique: a method of carefully trimming the flint core before the desired shape of the flake is struck off.
		Tools typical of this culture are elongated points, flakes of various shapes used as scrapers, end scrapers and many denticulate tools used for cutting and sawing.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/carmel.html (1097 words)

	Knapped Flint and prehistoric Flint Knapping (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-05-31)
		This tool was lucky to have survived the plough intact - all faces and edges of the tool bear rusty marks from close encounters.
		Examples of grey and white flint scrapers of similar working are next, and there are a number of these, showing much secondary working, which can be distinguished from plough 'chipping' by the nibbling away of the edge all being carried out from one side of the edge.
		Whilst the use of some flint tools is obvious from their shape and size, many are not, and it requires an expert to ascertain their exact use and age.
	www.belchalwell.org.uk /artifacts-flint.asp (930 words)

	2 - The Lower, Middle and Early Upper Palaeolithic periods
		When flint is heated in a fire the damaged electrons are 'neutralised' by the energy and the radioactive clock is set at zero.
		A good many of the tools from La Cotte have been recycled or resharpened and this is thought to have been necessary because of an increasing scarcity of flint.
		Tools of the earlier Middle Palaeolithic do seem to conform to a pattern of assemblage types that is pretty standard.
	www.btinternet.com /~ron.wilcox/onlinetexts/onlinetexts-chap2.htm (1713 words)

	OHS - Places - Flint Ridge State Memorial
		The museum at Flint Ridge is built around a restored prehistoric quarry pit and explains both the digging and shaping of flint.
		Students experience how flint was formed, why people used flint for tools and weapons, how the flint was worked out of the ground, what could be made from this colorful stone, and what sets Flint Ridge flint apart from other flints in America.
		Flint Ridge is four miles north of I-70, three miles north of Brownsville, in Licking County, at the intersection of County Roads 668 and 312 (Flint Ridge Rd.).
	www.ohiohistory.org /places/flint (452 words)

	Daten\Internet Dateien\jense_test
		Flint was extracted in these regions during the funnel beaker culture according to the situation in open-cast or in underground mining from down to 11m deep.
		Flint varies from the Lysa Góra, so-called Swieciechow-flint and the banded flint from Krzemionki never appears in the north group of the funnel beaker culture.
		Frequently remains of destroyed tools and tears and broken off pieces of flint as a result of temperature deviations were used as a basic form far from the original area of the raw material.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /HoikaSAA1998.htm (3508 words)

	INTERPRETING THE FUNCTION OF STONE TOOLS:CHAPTER 1
		The New Guinea people's classification of the tools was submitted to statistical analysis, from which it was suggested that the edge angle of the tools was important in that they tended to choose tools with a particular edge angle for a specific task, though not being cognisant of such a process themselves.
		This indicates that tool selection by prehistoric people (or design by retouch as mentioned by Broadbent 1979) would have been very important and in fact necessary in order to carry out the task, that is, selecting a suitable edge for the job in hand.
		Keeley carried out a series of experiments using various tools and he claims to have recognised that specific materials produce distinctive polishes, so that we have bone polish, wood polish, hide polish, etc. The evidence for these distinctive polishes is presented in the descriptions of certain polish characteristics and illustrated with photographs (Keeley 1980).
	www.hf.uio.no /iakk/roger/lithic/bar/bar1.html (2716 words)

	The Neolithic of the Levant (Excerpt 182)
		Both the flint tools and these potsherds resemble Neolithic 4 material from the tells in the same area so the site was certainly occupied in this phase as well as later in the Bronze Age.
		Many of the flint tools were large, particularly several choppers, long trapezoidal axes and adzes and some end and side-scrapers.
		Tools were quite numerous while cores and waste were relatively scarce suggesting that the site was a settlement rather than purely a factory site.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /182.html (2282 words)

	Archipelago 4.4 - Recommended Reading
		Flint knapping has a language hundreds of thousands of years old, and I was stuck in the Paleolithic, practically mute.
		Modern flint knappers use tools make of moose, elk and deer antler, not so much to stay true to the manufacturing methods of our ancestors, but because the antler is moderately soft, and the removal of long thinning flakes across the stone is more likely to be accomplished than with a harder tool.
		Flint tools were being found in ancient river gravels and reputable scientists were attributing these to the hands of early man. Edward (Flint Jack) Simpson made replicas of these artifacts, tumbled and chemically treated them, and sold his “finds” to museums and the public.
	www.archipelago.org /vol4-4/recommend.htm (1928 words)

	Archeological sites 1-99 - Har Karkom corpus
		Flint workshop with many tools, cores and flakes from the Middle Palaeolithic and BAC periods.
		Finds: BAC worked flints; flakes and lithic tools from the Middle Palaeolithic were retouched and reused in BAC times as it can be seen from the lighter patina of the retouchings.
		Flint implements of the Upper Palaeolithic, some tools have secondary retouching from the BAC period.
	www.harkarkom.com /Hkcorpus1-99.phtml (10056 words)

	FLINT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-05-31)
		Flint is found throughout chalk and most clay areas of Britain.
		The flakes can be worked into shape by an assortment of techniques, producing tools with very sharp edges.
		The finest flint tools were made during the Neolithic period and such was the demand that mines were dug down into the chalk to reach the best quality flint.
	www.gallica.co.uk /celts/flint.htm (108 words)

	MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Prehistoric Flint Tools
		MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Prehistoric Flint Tools
		The earliest technology was a practically oriented tool kit of haphazardly shaped chopping, cutting, and scraping implements fashioned from pebbles.
		From the later stone ages, archaeologists have identified some 60 or 70 standard kinds of intricate tools with very specific purposes; some had ceremonial uses.
	encarta.msn.com /media_461554964_761555928_-1_1/Prehistoric_Flint_Tools.html (129 words)

	Alibates Flint Quarries and Ruins
		These colorful Alibates flint arrow points were made by Late Prehistoric folk who lived and hunted in the area around 800 years ago.
		Although termed "flint," the stone is technically a silicified or agatized dolomite occurring in Permian-age outcroppings.
		They used Alibates flint to outfit all parts of their "toolkit" as well as to trade for other materials from other areas.
	www.texasbeyondhistory.net /alibates (1388 words)

	Archaeology and Early History: Industry - Prehistoric
		Very often tools and objects were made for personal or family use, but on other occasions craft and technological skills were used to produce large numbers of tools or objects for barter or trade.
		Large tabular blocks of flint suitable for making robust axes could only be obtained by digging into a chalk hillside or by sinking mineshafts down to the prized layers of natural flint which occur in bands in the upper chalk.
		Remains of Neolithic flint mines are known from Cissbury and Findon in Sussex and at Grimes Graves on the Suffolk/Norfolk border.
	www.dartfordarchive.org.uk /early_history/industry.shtml (984 words)

	Illahun, Kahun and Gurob: page 12
		A remarkable flint knife is that in a large find of the XIIth dynasty (XIII, 6), having remains of binding with fibre and cord on the handle ; flint flakes (4, 5) were also found with it.
		The copper tools have again been found here ; and the recent analyses by Dr. Gladstone, F.R.S., of those found last year have established that the tools of the XIIth dynasty are copper, and those of the XVlll-XIXth are bronze.
		In short, copper and flint ran their course side by side, equally in use, down to the close of the middle kingdom; and when the Empire arose in the XVIIIth dynasty flint had almost ceased to be worked, and bronze had replaced copper.
	www.reshafim.org.il /ad/texts/illahun/12.htm (645 words)

	The Neolithic of the Levant (Excerpt 71)
		The artifacts were all flint and obsidian tools though there is a possibility that some ground and polished stone axes might also be of the same age.
		The flint tools were mostly made on long regular blades, some parallel sided and some pointed.
		The range of tool types, the way they are made and even certain details such as the reuse of broken arrowheads as burins are all the same.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /71.html (568 words)

	ARCE/NC ARCHIVES
		, he confirms that a tool that resembles a metal chisel, but made of flint or jasper, was particularly effective as it was possible to recreate the cutting edge as it dulled by new flaking.
		He also found that the copper and bronze tool heads could be used for longer without loosing their edge so quickly, if they were not used with a mallet.
		The surface is covered with little "dimples" which have been made with a diorite tool, and reflect a process caused "bruising" of the stone; a mechanism for removing a layer of stone.
	home.comcast.net /~hebsed/schar.htm (1658 words)

	Flint Machine Home
		Flint Machine Tools, Inc is in the process of updating this website.
		Flint Machine Tools Inc. is proud to represent the #1 machine tool builders in America.
		Flint Machine Tools Inc. is dedicated to your success by providing you with efficient and quality service.
	www.flintmachine.com (190 words)

	Library - Tools
		The important tools to have are a billet, hammerstone, abrading stone and a pressure flaker.
		Now option one hammer the copper tool into the handle where it should sit tightly if care was used in selecting the right bit, or glue can be used.
		Be forewarned however that there are a lot of lousy tools being sold too, so be sure to buy them from a well recognized knapper, such as those noticed in the "Sales" section.
	www.flintknapping.com /article_tools.htm (1352 words)

	The Knappers - The World and I Magazine
		They call themselves flint knappers, their get-togethers knap ins; these urban and suburban men and women hunch forward on chairs or, more likely, squat on their haunches, plying the world's oldest craft, one that predates Homo sapiens.
		The care with which the implements were knapped also suggests that early people (however primitive their lives may seem to modern man) mist have possessed as strong an aesthetic sense about their work and mist have taken as much pride in their craftsmanship as anyone today.
		Marked replicas of prehistoric tools are much sought after by serious collectors, as are exhibition quality art knives, often bought after bought as investments.
	www.worldandi.com /public/1991/february/cl4.cfm (2233 words)

	Flintknapping Introduction
		When striking the edge of a piece of flint, only a portion of that cone is removed.
		is used to thin, shape and sharpen the flint tool.
		Today flint knapping has been rediscovered by those who are interested in reviving ancient skills.
	www.eskimo.com /~knapper/intro.html (516 words)

	[No title]
		Flint Ridge Flint - Your source for Ohio's Flint Ridge Flint from Flint Ridge State Memorial
		The flint they quarried here became so important the area was neutral territory where quarry workers were immune from assault.
		We are making material from quarries on our land available to flint knappers and other rock hounds.
	www.flintridgeflint.com (100 words)

	Leverstock GReen Chronicle: The Stone Age
		The tools were found in pockets of drift material above the brickearth. That is they were imbedded in material deposited by outwash streams from the melting glaciers of the ice-age.
		However, it is worth remembering that at this time (about 10,000 - 8,000 BC) the physical map of the country as we know it today did not exist, and we were still part of continental Europe, with the Thames flowing into the Rhine.
		A further set of Palaeolithic tools were discovered at "Ellinghams Pit", at the Brickfields off Woodlane End.
	www.homestead.com /bacchronicle/Stoneage.html (276 words)

	Flintknapping - www.findon.info
		During the Neolithic period, flint tools were produced by craftsmen called flintknappers.
		They split flints into rough shapes and then knocked pieces off to form the shape of a tool.
		The arrowhead was held against a piece of thick leather, in the palm of one hand while the other held a bone tool used to apply pressure to the edge.
	www.findon.com /cissbury/flintknapping/flintknapping.htm (388 words)

	NEOLITHIC FLINT TOOLS
		This beautiful Neolithic flint stone tool was fashioned out of the most famous flint of the European Neolithic Period - the golden honey toned from the well-known site of Le Grand Pressigny.
		The flint is unmistakable in its appearance - a rich golden yellow tone with slight translucence.
		This rare tool was intended for heavy use hence its robust size and construction design.
	www.paleodirect.com /n032.htm (790 words)

	NEOLITHIC FLINT TOOLS
		It was fashioned thousands of years ago out of flint mined from a large nearby deposit in Ryckholt that is considered one of the "crown jewels" of West European Neolithic mining sites with regards to its importance and extensiveness.
		Struck from a finely prepared blade tool core, this large flake knife blade is a fine and intact specimen.
		The ceramics, flint tools, and ground stone tools found on the Linear Pottery sites of the North European Plain are essentially similar to those found elsewhere in east-central Europe.
	www.paleodirect.com /n026.htm (412 words)

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