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Topic: Flour beetle

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	red and confused flour beetles - Tribolium Spp.
		Whereas the confused flour beetle is the same color but its antennae end is gradually club-like, the "club" consisting of four segments (Walter).
		The red and confused flour beetles may be present in large numbers in infested grain, but are unable to attack sound or undamaged grain (Walter).
		Flour beetles can feed and survive on even the smallest bits of grain, so cleaning is a crucial part of controlling these pests.
	creatures.ifas.ufl.edu /urban/beetles/red_flour_beetle.htm (1157 words)

	Tribolium castaneum
		Red flour beetles have caused distress to even the individuals who have discovered the quick and resilient creature time and time again in cereal boxes or bags of flour.
		Ten randomly selected beetles were then added to each tube and these 10 tubes were numbered and labeled "1/4 inch", then placed in their own rack, which was also labeled with the height of the salt layer.
		In all of the control and variable test tubes except the tubes containing 3/4 inch of salt, the beetles and their larvae were dispersed throughout the flour including the salt layer and the bottom of the test tube.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi/PandaJ/beetle.html (1368 words)

	Moths / Beetles \| pest control specialists - business and home
		Flour Beetles are mainly pests of cereal products and commonly found in bakeries and flour mills and some times domestic premises.
		Often eggs from beetles are in foodstuffs, pet food or bird food we consume but if the foodstuffs are ‘left’ a long time before being used or you were sent older stock from the warehouse/shop then the eggs have a chance to hatch out and complete their life cycle.
		Carpet Beetles are now one of the major pests of textiles, their success being attributed to central heating, which ensures uniform temperatures, and to the increasing use of wall-to-wall carpeting, which allows the insects to breed undisturbed.
	www.pestuk.com /pest-information/moths-beetles.htm (1618 words)

	Flour Beetles(Tribolium spp)
		Confused flour beetles are the most abundant and injurious insect pest of flour mills in the U.Kingdom, United States and Australia.
		The sides of the confused flour beetle head capsule are notched at the eyes so that a visible ridge is present.
		The eyes of the red flour beetle are separated by less than two eye diameters while those of the confused flour beetle are separated by more than three eye diameters.
	www.the-piedpiper.co.uk /th7a.htm (882 words)

	PestWeb \| Rust-red Flour Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The rust-red flour beetle and the confused flour beetle are often grouped together due to the similarity in their appearance, biology, and behavior.
		The antennae of the rust-red flour beetle is distinctly club-like, with a three segmented club and it has grooved wing covers.
		The sides of the rust-red flour beetle are curved, whereas the thorax of the confused flour beetle is straighter.
	agspsrv34.agric.wa.gov.au /ento/pestweb/Query1_1.idc?ID=-1919870117 (485 words)

	Urban Entomology [Ebeling Chap. 7] Pests Of Stored Food Products (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This polished chestnut-brown or flish beetle (figure 177) is 9 to 4 mm long, and is similar in appearance to the closely related rice weevil, but lacks the pale markings of its elytra, and its vestigial wings are useless.
		This beetle (figure 187, E, E) is uniformly pale brown in both sexes, as a rule, but may vary from dark brown in the male to flish brown in the female; it ranges from 2.3 to 3.2 mm in length.
		These beetles belong to a family that is principally known as predaceous, and it is not surprising that they feed on the larvae of blow flies and cheese skippers that infest meat.
	www.entomology.ucr.edu /ebeling/ebeling7.html (19647 words)

	First Beetle to Have Its Genome Sequenced (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The red flour beetle could rival the fruit fly and perhaps even take the place of the fly in certain types of research, says entomologist Richard Beeman of the U.S. Agricultural Research Service, who is working on the genome project.
		For the beetle the honor of having its genome sequenced may be overdue.
		Beetles naturally produce antibiotics, and the genome may reveal clues that could lead researchers to develop new antibiotics and other drugs.
	www.genomenewsnetwork.org /articles/12_03/beetle.shtml (443 words)

	FDA Consumer: The bugs that bug FDA inspectors the most - flour beetles; Food and Drug Administration; includes related ...
		They burrow down into flour so they cannot be seen and, with food particles clinging to the hair on their little (one-seventh of an inch long) bodies, look just like what they are hiding in.
		Flour beetles are the most abundant and destructive of these insects and are the insects most often found by FDA inspectors in food manufacturing plants and warehouses.
		The beetles manage to hide in all kinds of places, including corrugated cardboard packing, in the gear boxes of machinery where grain is ground into flour, and even in bait set out to control rodents.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1370/is_v20/ai_4191385 (1156 words)

	Insect Pests of Home-Stored Foods
		Indian meal moth, flour beetles, sawtoothed grain beetles and carpet beetles (dermestids) are common pests of food items in Colorado homes.
		Indian meal moth, flour beetles and sawtoothed grain beetles are particularly common in Colorado homes and are found throughout most of the world.
		Flour most commonly is infested by either of two closely related beetles, the confused flour beetle and the red flour beetle (Tribolium, Figure 1).
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/insect/05501.html (1741 words)

	Stored Food Pest - General Exterminating, Inc.
		Although coarse grades of flour are preferred, Indian meal moth larvae are often found feeding in whole grains, cereal, dried fruits, nuts, seeds, and powdered milk.
		Confused and red flour beetles are serious pests in flour mills and food storage areas.
		The saw-toothed grain beetle is a common pantry, warehouse and grocery pest.
	www.generalx.com /pantry.html (973 words)

	Confused and Red Flour Beetles, HYG-2087-97
		Confused flour beetles are the most abundant and injurious insect pest of flour mills in the United States.
		Badly infested flour is characterized by a sharp odor and moldy flavor.
		Antennae segments of the confused flour beetle increase in size gradually from the base to the tip to form a club of four segments; in the red flour beetle, the last segments at the tip of the antennae are abruptly larger than the preceding ones, forming a three-segmented club.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2087.html (978 words)

	Beetle Mania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The red flour beetle (about 1/8-inch long), shown here on a cereal flake, is a grain and cereal pest that ARS researchers are trying to understand genetically to develop improved biopesticides.
		The eyes on this beetle are white or clear and not the typical fl color because of a defective pigment gene.
		Starting with a healthy red flour beetle from a corn bin in Georgia and subjecting it to 2 years of intensive breeding, Beeman and colleagues produced an army of identical beetle twins.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/AR/archive/nov05/beetle1105.htm (1333 words)

	G7370 Pantry Pests, MU Extension
		Small reddish brown beetles in and around stored cereal grain products usually are the first signs of an infestation called "bran bugs." While this common name is applied to several different insects, those most often encountered are the saw toothed grain beetle, the confused flour beetle and the red flour beetle (see Figure 1).
		The adult drugstore beetle is most readily distinguished from the cigarette beetle by the three-segmented club of the antenna.
		Weevils are beetles of the family Curculionidae and are characterized by a head elongated into a snout.
	muextension.missouri.edu /explore/agguides/pests/g07370.htm (2363 words)

	UMCE Flour Beetle Fact Sheet
		Both beetles primarily infest flour and, to a small extent, foods made of processed grains.
		Confused flour beetles and red flour beetles are often found together.
		Flour beetles are not known to carry or spread any diseases that affect humans.
	pmo.umext.maine.edu /factsht/flourbtl.htm (548 words)

	Confused Flour Beetle, Pantry Pests, Beetle Control
		The confused flour beetle and the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) are similar in appearance and habits.
		Adult confused flour beetles have the antennae gradually enlarged toward the tip; the antennae of the red flour beetle have the last three segments abruptly enlarged.
		These beetles often hitchhike into the house in infested flour and can build up into large populations on food accumulations in cabinet cracks and crevices and in furniture.
	www.pestproducts.com /confusedflourbeetle.htm (215 words)

	Confused Flour Beetle - Penn State Entomology Department Fact Sheet
		The life cycle of the red flour beetle is usually shorter than the confused flour beetle.
		The pronotum is widest in the middle as compared to the confused flour beetle where the pronotum is wider toward the front margin.
		The confused and red flour beetles cannot feed on whole undamaged grain; they are, however, often found among dust, fines, and dockage.
	www.ento.psu.edu /extension/factsheets/confused_flour_beetle.htm (977 words)

	Confused Flour Beetle \| Hulett Environmental Services
		Confused flour beetles are reddish-brown in color and have a flat body.
		Female beetles each lay 300 to 400 eggs in flour or other foods during a period of five to eight months.
		The Confused flour beetle is a scavenger and must rely on other insects to damage grain before it can feed on it.
	www.bugs.com /conf_flour.html (245 words)

	SGA Insect Identification Key
		In the sawtoothed grain beetle the temple region behind the eye is greater than 1/2 the eye diameter, in the merchant grain beetle the space behind the eye is less than 1/2 the eye diameter.
		The adults of both the red and confused flour beetle are 0.1 inch long and red in color.
		The last 3 antennal segments of the red flour beetle are abruptly larger, whereas they gradually increase in size in the confused flour beetle.
	bru.usgmrl.ksu.edu /flinn/1.2benott.html (536 words)

	Managing Pantry Pests (304-03) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There are a number of species of tiny beetles that infest flour, but the two most common flour beetles are the confused (right) and red flour beetles.
		The antenna of the red flour beetle ends abruptly in a three-segmented club while the antenna of the confused flour beetle gradually enlarges toward the tip, ending in a four-segmented club.
		A confused flour beetle crawling on the counter is almost certain from a nearby food source.
	lancaster.unl.edu /enviro/pest/factsheets/304.htm (2649 words)

	Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
		Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Insecta: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
		The antenna of the red flour beetle ends in a 3-segmented club and the sides of the thorax are slightly curved.
		The confused flour beetle has no apparent club on the antennae and the sides of the thorax are straighter.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /IN566 (1581 words)

	Confused flour beetles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Confused flour beetle adult is 1/8 in (3-4 mm) long; full-grown larva is 1/8-1/4 in (4-5 mm) long.
		The adult confused flour beetle is reddish brown.
		The confused flour beetle is almost identical to the red flour beetle, which has a more curved thorax and abruptly clubbed antennae with 3-segmented clubs.
	www.west-ext.com /confused_flour_beetle.html (434 words)

	Flour Beetles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Flour beetles, often called "bran bugs", are probably the most common stored grain insect pests in Kentucky.
		In addition, the head margins of the confused flour beetle are enlarged and notched at the eye with a ridge over the eye.
		The red flour beetle head margins are nearly continuous with no ridge.
	www.ca.uky.edu /entweb/storage/flourbeetle.html (346 words)

	Confused flour and red flour beetle
		The red flour beetle is primarily a pest in southern states.
		The confused flour beetle is primarily a pest in northern states.
		Adult beetles of these two species have shiny, reddish brown bodies that are about 1/7 inch long, flattened, and oval.
	www.pantrypest.com /confusedflour.htm (1110 words)

	flour beetle control, Flour Beetle Control, FLOUR BEETLE CONTROL, flour beetle control, Flour Beetle Control, FLOUR ...
		On the Confused Flour Beetle the antenna gradually lengthen with 4 segments at the end.
		Red Flour Beetles lay eggs with a glue like excretion which helps to attach them to surfaces where food is likely to be available.
		Red Flour Beetles are small, fast and quick to hide when ever people are around disturbing where they have been feeding.
	www.bugspray.com /article/redflour.html (1630 words)

	Confused Flour Beetle
		Adult confused flour beetles have the antennae gradually enlarged toward the tip; the antennae of the red flour beetle have the last three segments abruptly enlarged.
		These beetles often hitchhike into the house in infested flour and can build up into large populations on food accumulations in cabinet cracks and crevices and in furniture.
		INTERESTING FACTS: Confused flour beetles are the most abundant and injurious insect pest of flour mills in the United States.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/entomology/factsheets/confused.html (239 words)

	Confused Flour Beetle
		In Canada, it is found in flour and feed mills and in homes and bakeries, surviving in those parts of the buildings and equipment that are inaccessible for cleaning.
		The adult is a brown beetle, about 4 mm long, and closely resembles the red flour beetle.
		On the prairies, an infestation in a flour mill can be remedied by opening the mill completely in the winter when the temperature has dropped to between -20 and -30 degrees.
	www3.telus.net /conrad/insects/conflour.html (407 words)

	Pantry pest , pantry pest traps, cloth moths
		Often the first indication of the infestation is the appearance of small moths flying about or the presence of beetles in or near the food package.
		Dermestid beetles are more resistant to cold temperatures and lower humidities of the northern states.
		Live adult carpet beetles and clothes moths are rarely found because they do not feed on fabric.
	pantrypest.com (1543 words)

	Stored Goods Pest
		The confused flour beetle is often mistaken with the red flour beetle but the antennae of the confused flour beetle is gradually enlarged whereas the red flour beetle's antenna enlarges abruptly to form a three segmented club.
		Each female flour beetle may lay as many as 300 to 400 eggs in her three-year life time.
		This grain beetle is found in such foods as breakfast cereals, flour, dried fruits, macaroni, dried meats, chocolate and other similar material.
	www.shoplocalbiz.com /silverdale/kitsap_pest_stored.htm (643 words)

	Flour Beetle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The red flour beetle is about 1/8 inch long and brownish red.
		They are often found infesting grain and flour products, but may be seen walking in kitchen cabinets.
		) The eggs are laid in the flour or grain and the immature stages remain in the material.
	www.upcrc.com /guides/houseid/flourbtl.htm (105 words)

	Kansas State Collegian: National project to utilize K-State's popular red flour beetle specimen 10/30/03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The red flour beetle is a pest in flour mills but has a good genetic model, he said.
		Brown said the research of the red flour beetle is on a list, and may be started in about two years.
		The beetle project is bigger species than flies, and we look forward to this type of research," she said.
	www.kstatecollegian.com:16080 /stories/103003/new_redflour.shtml (411 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Thermal Death Kinetics of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In this study, we used the WSU heating block system to identify the most heat tolerant life stage of red flour beetle and determine its thermal death kinetics at a heating rate of 15°C/min.
		The relative heat tolerance of red flour beetle stages was found to be older larvae > pupae and adults > eggs and younger larvae.
		Using a heating rate of 15°C/min to approximate the rapid heating of radio frequency treatments, the relative heat tolerance of red flour beetle stages was found to be older larvae > pupae and adults > eggs and younger larvae.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=164613 (566 words)

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