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Topic: Flow rate

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	Flow rate
		Flow rate is a measure of the volume of a fluid that flows past a particular point in a given time.
		Commonly, flow rate is given the symbol Q, and is measured in cubic metres per second or cumecs.
		In the case of a river or of a metallic tube with a flowing liquid is straightforward to cosider the area as the area of a (ortogonal) section of the river or the tube.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/f/fl/flow_rate.html (241 words)

	OMEGA ENGINEERING - Flow Control
		The flow rate and the specific gravity are inertia forces, and the pipe diameter and viscosity are drag forces.
		The flow rate is obtained by measuring the pressure differential and extracting the square root.
		The output signal from the gage is indicative of the flow rate.
	www.omega.com /techref/flowcontrol.html (5120 words)

	Types of Fluid Flow Meters
		Fluid flow causes the float to rise in the tube as the upward pressure differential and buoyancy of the fluid overcome the effect of gravity.
		The height of the float is an indication of the flow rate.
		The reduction is proportional to the flow rate of the fluid.
	www.engineeringtoolbox.com /flow-meters-d_493.html (2191 words)

	Eldridge Products, Inc. - Technology Comparison
		To avoid confusion when discussing flow or flow rate, it is important that the correct terms are used and that the concepts of flow rate, volume flow rate and mass flow rate are clearly understood.
		In general Flow Rate can be understood as the actual velocity (V) of the moving fluid, whereas Volumetric Flow Rate (Q) is expressed in units such as cubic feet, actual cubic feet, cubic meters, liters, cubic centimeters, etc., flowing through a cross sectional area (A) such as a pipe or duct.
		Orifice or orifice plate, nozzle or flow nozzle, flow venturi or venturi tube, pitot tube or pitot static tube, elbow or flow elbow, loop or flow loop flowmeters are all differential pressure flowmeters.
	www.epiflow.com /comparison.html (1840 words)

	Welcome to Flow Control - Solutions for the Fluid Handling Industry
		For example, if measurements were taken of a known flow rate of 100 units per minute, a flowmeter with poor repeatability might measure 85, 101, and 93 units per minute on three consecutive days.
		If these measurements were used to feed material to a process at a given flow rate, different amounts of material would be fed to the process at each of these times.
		In this example, it is seemingly unimportant to accurately measure the flow rate, but it would be beneficial if the flowmeter were repeatable so that equal flow setting changes result in equal flow changes.
	www.flowcontrolnetwork.com /issuearticle.asp?ArticleID=64 (770 words)

	Volumetric Flow-Rate Relationships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Volumetric flow rates can in turn usually be associated with discharge rates at the vent, and thus these two flow types can provide a great deal of information about eruptive conditions even if nobody was around to record the eruption.
		This is the reason why high-discharge rate eruptions tend to be short-lived (often hours to days), and are associated with distinct summit deflation events (indicating emptying of the magma chamber, or at least a part of it).
		Because the discharge rates of almost all tube-fed pahoehoe eruptions on both and Mauna Loa seem to have been between 2 and 5 cubic meters per second, this has been proposed to be the supply rate to each volcano from the mantle (Swanson 1972; Dzurisin et al.
	volcano.und.nodak.edu /vwdocs/hawaii_review/flow_rate/rates.html (683 words)

	mag meter flow meters magnetic electromagnetic flowmeters
		Developed for measurement of flows such as water, wastewater, raw sewage, slurry applications, and cooling water the Tigermag FM-657 is available with a polyurethane liner in sizes from 3 inch to 48 inch.
		This induces a voltage which is proportional to the average flow velocity - the faster the flow rate, the higher the voltage.
		This voltage is picked up by sensing electrodes mounted in the meter tube and sent to the transmitter which takes the voltage and calculates the flow rate based on the cross sectional area of the meter tube.
	www.flowmeterdirectory.com /flowmeter_electromagnetic.html (566 words)

	Mass Flow Rate
		For flow in a tube, the mass flow rate is a constant.
		Considering the mass flow rate equation, it would appear that for a given area, we could make the mass flow rate as large as we want by setting the velocity very high.
		This is commonly referred to as flow choking and the details of the physics are given on a page considering compressible mass flow rates.
	www.grc.nasa.gov /WWW/K-12/airplane/mflow.html (548 words)

	Large Diameter Orifice for Gas Flow
		The advantage of using standard flow instead of actual flow is that the same device (or pump curve) can be used for a gas at various temperatures and pressures without re-calibrating for an infinite range of actual pressures and temperatures.
		Mass flow rate, volumetric flow rates, and/or orifice diameter were entered as zero or negative.
		Mass flow rate, volumetric flow rates, and/or differential pressure were entered as zero or negative.
	www.lmnoeng.com /Flow/OrificeGas.htm (1350 words)

	Flow Meters - Omega
		A flowmeter is an instrument used to measure linear, nonlinear, mass or volumetric flow rate of a liquid or a gas.
		One of the most common flow measurement mistakes is the reversal of this sequence: instead of selecting a sensor which will perform properly, an attempt is made to justify the use of a device because it is less expensive.
		Fluid and flow characteristics: In this section of the table, the name of the fluid is given and its pressure, temperature, allowable pressure drop, density (or specific gravity), conductivity, viscosity (Newtonian or not?) and vapor pressure at maximum operating temperature are listed, together with an indication of how these properties might vary or interact.
	www.omega.com /prodinfo/flowmeters.html (2273 words)

	Environmental Protection Agency > Basic Concepts in Environmental Sciences > Module 2 > Rate
		Gas flow rate is a measure of the volume of gas that passes a point in an industrial system during a given period of time.
		The gas flow rate generated by an industrial process can vary substantially depending on the operating rate of the process equipment and on the temperature and pressure of the gas stream generated.
		The molar flow rate is also related to the mass flow rate (or mass emission rate), which is the amount of material passing through the system (or going to the atmosphere) in a given unit of time.
	www.epa.gov /eogapti1/module2/rate/rate.htm (1309 words)

	Flow Rate Detail
		Model FC A peristaltic pump that delivers selected volume flow rates over a range determined by the setting of two calibrated potentiometer controls, and the tube set size chosen.
		The flow rate sensor of the FM-2 consists of a calibrated flow resistor and two flow-thru pressure transducers.
		Flow rate signal may be used for control purposes.
	www.livingsys.com /flowdetail.htm (274 words)

	Thermal Mass Flow Meter
		As gas flows by the flow sensor, the gas molecules carry heat away from the surface, and the sensor cools down as it loses energy.
		The electrical power required to maintain a constant temperature differential is directly proportional to the gas mass flow rate and is linearized to be the output signal of the meter.
		Sage Thermal Mass Flow Meters are designed for high performance mass flow measurement of flow rate and consumption of gases such as air, oxygen, natural gas, nitrogen, digester gas, bio gas, flare hydrogen, argon, carbon dioxide and other gases and gas mixes.
	www.sagemetering.com /b_pri.htm (897 words)

	Mass Flow Rate
		Considering the mass flow rate equation, it appears that for a given area and a fixed density, we could increase the mass flow rate indefinitely by simply increasing the velocity.
		If we have a tube with changing area, like the nozzle shown on the slide, the maximum mass flow rate through the system occurs when the flow is choked at the smallest area.
		The conservation of mass specifies that the mass flow rate through a nozzle is a constant.
	exploration.grc.nasa.gov /education/rocket/mflchk.html (994 words)

	Liquid Flow Rate Control Demonstration By Computer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Thesis, liquid flow rate control demonstration by computer, is design and establish by utilize microcomputer which is the major part to control liquid flow rate.
		The flow rate measurement section has the main function to measure flow rate and process the flow rate value by use the principle of Turbine meter Flow Measuring Instrument for measuring flow rate.
		The average of errors is approximation testing liquid flow rate its have an average of 6.78%.
	library.kmitnb.ac.th /projects/ind/EIT/eit0029e.html (221 words)

	Flow Line Options Newsletter - Flow Meter Basics
		For example, there are situations such as cooling flows where the absolute flow rate is neither known nor important–the concern is maintaining the flow at a point where the desired result is obtained.
		These may be as simple as reading the rate of flow on an analog indicator or total on a mechanical register, or as complex as having sophisticated control options including electronic outputs, alarms, totalization, and/or dynamic compensation for changing fluid conditions.
		All meters provide two flow rate outputs, 4-20mA analog and a choice of simulated turbine meter or TTL-pulse frequency, permitting the product to be interfaced with a variety of monitoring equipment.
	www.flowlineoptions.com /newsletter.html (1590 words)

	Mass Flow Meters - Schenck AccuRate Bulk Solids Metering (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Multicor® mass flow meter line uses the science of particle acceleration and its resultant forces to measure flow rate and total weight at accuracies of +/- 0.5%.
		Material entering the unit flows into the top of the measuring wheel and is deflected outward in a radial direction creating a "Coriolis force".
		This signal is then electronically processed to produce flow rate and total weight values at accuracies generally better than +/- 2% and with repeatability of 0.5%.
	www.accuratefeeders.com /massflowmeters.html (474 words)

	Water Cooling Flow Rate and Heat Transfer
		The rate of heat transfer between two points is proportional to the temperature difference between those points.
		Lowering the average water temperature, as we did above by increasing the flow rate, means we have a little better heat transfer from the CPU to the now somewhat cooler water.
		If you increase flow rate by going to a bigger pump, you will reach a trade off somewhere where the pump starts putting too much energy into the system and temperatures will start increasing.
	www.overclockers.com /articles599 (706 words)

	Flow Rate
		At 9 drops per second the flow rate is just beginning to become a slow stream.
		To adjust the flow rate, open the valve for a few seconds and then decrease the flow to the correct rate.
		Some fluctuation in the flow rate in between adjustments is normal and even preferable as it indicates the Aquaripure is working correctly.
	aquaripure.com /flowrate.htm (469 words)

	Flow Network : Industrial Sensing Solutions
		This means that the actual velocity of the flow or the quantitative measurement in GPM is not known and is not important.
		Flow rate through a pipe diameter will vary depending upon the nature of the flow profile (laminar or turbulent) and the insertion depth of the flow sensor.
		Our air flow switches are adaptable to a wide variety of applications from very low flow rates to high ones.
	www.flow-network.com (1078 words)

	Peak Flow Meters - American Lung Association site
		A peak flow meter is a portable, inexpensive, hand-held device used to measure how air flows from your lungs in one "fast blast." In other words, the Meter measures your ability to push air out of your lungs.
		A low range peak flow meter is for small children, and a standard range meter is for older children, teenagers and adults.
		For example, peak flow readings may help be a signal for you to implement the medication plan you and your doctor have developed for worsening asthma.
	www.lungusa.org /site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=22586 (1746 words)

	Peak expiratory flow rate \| Health Library \| Walgreens
		This test requires a peak expiratory flow monitor, a small hand-held device with a mouthpiece at one end and a scale with a moveable indicator (usually a small plastic arrow).
		Peak flow measurements are most useful when a person is able to compare the peak flow obtained on a day-to-day basis.
		A fall in peak flow, especially when accompanied by symptoms such as increased cough, shortness of breath, or wheezing, may signal the onset of a flare of lung disease, requiring early treatment to prevent complications.
	www.walgreens.com /library/contents.jsp?doctype=1&docid=003443 (542 words)

	Flow vs
		The concepts of flow and velocity are very useful when talking about the performance of cylinder heads on an engine.
		Volumetric flow rate can be measured when a fluid passes through an area with a velocity.
		The maximum velocity that can occur through the port is approximately 350 ft/s (see Flow Rate) which corresponds to the flow rate measurements given for heads by a flow bench.
	filebox.vt.edu /users/mhagopia/files/flowvs.htm (848 words)

	Hydrogen Flow Rate Control
		Sonic chokes enable hydrogen flow rates to be regulated to ±1/4% solely by controlling upstream pressure.
		nozzles, are still the primary device for regulating a multitude of gas flow rates into the chemical laser at the core of the Airborne Laser being built by Boeing at Edwards AFB.
		What if we wish to be able to vary the H2 flow rate into a fuel cell, yet still take advantage of the features of a sonic choke where, once we establish the desired flow, it is unaffected by any changes in ∆P or backpressure.
	www.flowmeterdirectory.com /flowmeter_artc/flowmeter_artc_03112301.html (1239 words)

	Flow Rate Indicators, Totalizers and Converters
		The selection of the correct instrumentation to accompany a flow meter is critical.
		Many flow metering applications are compromised by the incorrect specification of the control or process indication.
		In some cases the indicator / converter may be mounted directly on the flow sensor and be self contained with no external power required.
	www.jlcinternational.com /flowrate_indicator_converters_3.htm (176 words)

	Constant Flow Rate Valve
		Variable constant flow rate regulating function may be added for flow rate control over a wide range, allowing effective use and stable supply of water (optional).
		If flow rate control over a wide range is required, a butterfly valve or other flow rate adjustment valve (optional) may be installed in place of the fixed orifice.
		Flow rate characteristics when the opening of the butterfly valve (installed in place of the inlet side orifice) is adjusted
	www.aquadevice.com /english/04valve_ufsj.htm (329 words)

	The Peak Flow Meter
		Peak flow readings are useful when starting on a new medicine, because the peak flow readings will show clearly how well the medication is working.
		If your peak flow reading in the danger or red zone: This means you are able to achieve only half, or less than half, of your personal best peak flow rate.
		When used correctly, peak flow meters are excellent tools that reflect the state of the lungs, but you need to treat the device with respect.
	www.ehealthmd.com /library/asthma/asthma_peakflow.html (1242 words)

	The correlation between vibration and flow rate Text - Physics Forums Library
		Suppose I am increasing the flow rate of the water through a sprinkler or a tube, there should be some vibration induced by this increment of flow rate, right?
		The flow induced vibrations are going to be very dependent on the kind of flow you have, the plumbing system itself and other factors.
		Intuition should tell you that as the flow rate increases, the frequency of the vibrations as well as the amplitude should also increase if we are talking no system resonances or structural resonances.
	www.physicsforums.com /archive/index.php/t-73304.html (246 words)

	Flow Rate Alarms - Flow Switches
		Only an allen wrench is required to change the flow alarm setting.
		The standard Hirschmann interconnection provides easy installation and maintenance of the FLOW ALARM and the system it is a part of.
		Have a measuring accuracy of ±2.5% of full scale in the center third of the measuring range, and ±4% in upper and lower thirds.
	www.lakemonitors.com /flowalarms.htm (434 words)

	824 Flow meter, mass flow controller, mass flow meter, flowmeter, gas flow meters
		The 824 Mass Flow body is constructed of 10% glass-filled Nylon 6/6, with Viton® "O"-rings and our patented 316 stainless steel sensor.
		If your flow rate is less than 21 SCCM an additional charge of $100 will be added.
		Note: If your flow rate is less than 21 SCCM an additional charge of $100 will automatically be added.
	www.massflowmetersandcontrollers.com /824.htm (1036 words)

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