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	Spanish flu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Spanish Flu Pandemic was a pandemic caused by an unusually severe and deadly strain of the subtype H1N1 of the species Influenza A virus (which apparently killed via cytokine storm, explaining the severe nature and unusual age distribution).
		One theory is that the virus strain originated at Fort Riley, Kansas, by two genetic mechanisms — genetic drift and antigenic shift — in viruses in poultry and swine which the fort bred for local consumption.
		Characterization of the 1918 influenza virus polymerase genes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_flu (2560 words)

	Flu
		Influenza, or flu, is an acute respiratory infection caused by a variety of influenza viruses.
		Usually, doctors diagnose flu on the basis of whether flu is epidemic in the community and whether the patient's complaints fit the current pattern of symptoms.
		The Russian flu pandemic in the winter of 1977-8 was caused by a strain of virus identical to the one that caused an epidemic in 1950.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/6/1680_51268.htm (1820 words)

	2 Common Flu Drugs Called Ineffective Against Virus
		Two years ago, 2 percent of circulating flu viruses here were resistant to the two drugs, which are known as adamantanes.
		Flu season is heating up, and outbreaks have been reported in nursing homes in New York, Illinois and several other states.
		The season's dominant strain of flu virus eventually disappears as it runs out of victims; it is replaced by a new strain.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2006/01/14/AR2006011400956_pf.html (608 words)

	Flu
		Influenza (the flu) is a contagious disease that is caused by 3 viruses, influenza A, B and C. It attacks the respiratory tract (nose, throat, and lungs).
		The flu is transmitted when a person who has the flu coughs, sneezes, or speaks and sends the flu virus into the air, and other people inhale the virus.
		The flu is a respiratory disease and not a stomach or intestinal disease.
	www.brown.edu /Student_Services/Health_Services/Health_Education/general_health/flu.htm (1249 words)

	Avian Flu Overview
		Although it's true that avian flu viruses can become human flu viruses, the typical way a flu virus makes the jump from birds to humans is by infecting a pig that just happens to have a concurrent infection of human flu virus - 2 different viruses in the same animal at the same time.
		If the avian flu virus acquires the genetic factors that allow it to easily pass from human to human, then it is possible for the avian virus to make the jump to become a human influenza.
		It is theoretically possible for an avian flu virus to accumulate enough mutations through antigenic drift to gain the ability to infect humans easily, without antigenic shift or an intermediate host involved, but this generally requires a specific series of mutations to happen.
	www.nawabirds.org /fluoverview.htm (1587 words)

	Flu (Influenza), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Flu vaccination (flu shot) is the best way to prevent the flu and its complications.
		The flu virus is usually spread from person to person by breathing in airborne droplets of the virus produced by sneezing or coughing.
		Therefore, the virus can be spread by touching an object that has the flu virus on it and then touching your own mouth, nose or eyes.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/info/chest/diagnose/influenza.htm?view=content (1049 words)

	flu
		commonly called "the flu," is a highly contagious infection of the nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and lungs.
		Flu shots are 70%-90% effective in preventing influenza in healthy adults.
		Flu shots are particularly recommended for persons who are at high risk of having a serious complication when they get influenza.
	www.astdhpphe.org /infect/flu.html (1021 words)

	Influenza, Flu Treatment, Influenza Symptoms, Flu Cures
		Influenza or flu, one of the most prevalent ailments of our time is a respiratory infection caused by a variety of flu viruses.
		The flu shot is an inactivated vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm.
		Flu viruses are normally classified into three groups or types - Influenza A, Influenza B, and Influenza C. Influenza A is the most prevalent form of flu and associated with the most serious of epidemics and pandemics.
	www.arrestflu.com (750 words)

	Avian flu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Avian flu (also "bird flu", "avian influenza", "bird influenza"), means "flu from viruses adapted to birds", but is sometimes mistakenly used to refer to both other flu subsets and the viruses that cause them.
		Typically, when illness (called "flu") from an avian flu virus does occur, it is the result of an avian flu virus strain adapted to one species spreading to another species (usually from one bird species to another bird species).
		As of 2006, "avian flu" is being commonly used to refer to infection from a particular subtype of Influenza A virus, H5N1, which can cause severe illness in humans who are infected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avian_influenza (1879 words)

	WHO: Avian influenza - fact sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Fifteen subtypes of influenza virus are known to infect birds, thus providing an extensive reservoir of influenza viruses potentially circulating in bird populations.
		The quarantining of infected farms and destruction of infected or potentially exposed flocks are standard control measures aimed at preventing spread to other farms and eventual establishment of the virus in a country’s poultry population.
		Of the 15 avian influenza virus subtypes, H5N1 is of particular concern for several reasons.
	www.who.int /csr/don/2004_01_15/en (2036 words)

	CDC - Influenza (Flu) \| The Influenza (Flu) Viruses
		For example, if a pig were infected with a human influenza virus and an avian influenza virus at the same time, the viruses could mix (reassort) and produce a new virus that had most of the genes from the human virus, but a hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase from the avian virus.
		The resulting new virus would likely be able to infect humans and spread from person to person, but it would have surface proteins (hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase) not previously seen in influenza viruses that infect humans.
		In most years, one or two of the three virus strains in the influenza vaccine are updated to keep up with the changes in the circulating flu viruses.
	www.cdc.gov /flu/about/fluviruses.htm (917 words)

	Flu
		The flu virus is usually transmitted through the air and spreads very easily anytime an infected person sneezes, coughs or even speaks.
		The flu vaccine is not 100 percent foolproof.
		Although the vaccine is made from inactive flu virus, it is not possible for a person to become infected with the flu from the flu shot.
	www.usma.edu /PublicAffairs/PV/011102/Flu.htm (622 words)

	Flu Facts
		Flu is the common name for influenza (pronounced: in-floo-en-za), a virus that attacks the respiratory system.
		Some years the change in the flu virus is slight, so even if you get the flu it's a mild case because the antibodies give you partial protection.
		Flu epidemics often start in schools and then move quickly through a community as students "take" the virus home, spreading it to family members and people around them.
	www.kidshealth.org /teen/infections/common/flu.html (1176 words)

	Influenza (Flu) - American Lung Association site
		The second is Flu Mist. Flu Mist is the first nasal spray approved for influenza vaccination. The nasal spray is made from a live but weakened virus, administered to help develop immunity. Flu Mist is only approved by the FDA for healthy people ages 5-49.
		Here's why: The virus that causes influenza may belong to one of three different influenza virus families, A, B or C. Influenza A and influenza B are the major families.
		Another virus that swept the world this past season was the avian influenza virus. Avian influenza viruses are influenza A strains that infect birds. It is mainly transmitted to humans by direct contact with live, sick or dead poultry. Human to human transmission has not been identified to date.
	www.lungusa.org /site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35426 (1981 words)

	WJLA - Flu Virus Resistant to 2 Drugs, CDC Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		A whopping 91 percent of virus samples tested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention this flu season proved resistant to rimantadine and amantadine, a huge increase since last year, when only 11 percent were.
		Gerberding said the agency didn't know how the resistance occurred, saying it may have been the result of a mutation in the virus or overuse of the drugs abroad, such as in countries that permit the drugs to be purchased without a prescription.
		One flu expert, Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University, said the development was "disconcerting" as flu now has joined the ranks of other diseases, such as tuberculosis and HIV, that recently have acquired the ability to resist front-line medications.
	www.wjla.com /headlines/0106/294120.html (765 words)

	Information about Influenza
		Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract.
		A second possibility is suggested by evidence that a virus with a similar hemagglutinin may have circulated from the late 1890s to the early 1900s.
		The virus that reappeared in 1977 was virtually identical to an A(H1N1) virus that circulated in 1950.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/5/1680_51269.htm (1052 words)

	The"Flu"
		Influenza, commonly called “the flu”, is an infection of the respiratory tract caused by the influenza virus.
		The flu spreads in respiratory droplets caused by coughing and sneezing.
		The nasal-spray flu vaccine (sometimes called LAIV for Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine) is a new flu vaccine that was licensed in 2003.
	www.coolnurse.com /flu.htm (1774 words)

	Flu - Influenza Virus Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		Utilization of pulse oximetry for the study of the inhibitory effects of antiviral agents on influenza virus in mice.
		Further studies with short duration ribavirin aerosol for the treatment of influenza virus infection in mice and respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats.
		Virus shedding was similar in treated and control patients, declining gradually from a 50% tissue culture infective dose of 3.5 log10 per ml at admission to 1.8 log10 per ml at 53 h after admission.
	www.lef.org /protocols/abstracts/abstr-051a.html (3890 words)

	Virus definition - Medical and health information on the common cold and flu
		Herpes simplex virus and the hepatitis- B virus are DNA viruses.
		The Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck (1851-1931) was the first person to use the term "virus" for the invisible disease-causing material that he showed to be self-replicating.
		Bird Flu - Bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu) viruses.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5997 (470 words)

	The 1918 Influenza Pandemic
		The influenza virus had a profound virulence, with a mortality rate at 2.5% compared to the previous influenza epidemics, which were less than 0.1%.
		Recently the virus has been reconstructed from the tissue of a dead soldier and is now being genetically characterized.
		The flu that winter was beyond imagination as millions were infected and thousands died.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/uda (1856 words)

	Flu
		Influenza is caused by a virus that causes an upper respiratory infection.
		Complications from flu cause up to 40,000 deaths per year in the U.S. These deaths usually occur in the elderly and in people with chronic health problems, such as heart disease and severe asthma.
		Flu shot: The virus in the flu vaccine has been inactivated, or "killed." This means you cannot catch the flu from getting a shot.
	health.rutgers.edu /Immunizations/Flu.htm (626 words)

	Flu
		Flu season means the months of the year when a lot of people have the flu and it's easy to catch it.
		Because the flu virus changes every year and the vaccine is specially created to fight the viruses that are going to be a problem that year.
		This virus gets around in little drops that spray out of an infected person's mouth and nose when he or she sneezes, coughs, or even laughs.
	www.kidshealth.org /kid/ill_injure/sick/flu.html (656 words)

	Experts predict worldwide flu outbreak - Cold & Flu - MSNBC.com
		It’s all up to a virus that is variable and fickle, constantly changing its genetic makeup, and the time when it hits upon a combination that lets it take off worldwide is a “roll of the genetic dice,” said Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University.
		The pandemic of 1918-19, known as the Spanish flu, sickened an estimated 20 percent to 40 percent of the worldwide population, with a death toll believed to exceed 20 million.
		In addition, the new virus must acquire the ability to pass easily from person to person, either by random genetic change or by picking up genetic material from a previous human flu virus.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/3684599 (1146 words)

	McAfee Inc.
		This virus does not function properly on 386 computers, and execution of infected files on those systems may result in a system hang.
		The virus is located at the beginning of the infected file.
		The virus is located at the end of the infected file.
	vil.nai.com /vil/content/Print921.htm (615 words)

	Flu in Adults
		Differentiating a cold from the flu by symptoms alone can sometimes be difficult or impossible, but in general, people with the flu get sick more suddenly, look much sicker, and feel much weaker than if the ailment were a common cold.
		Flu is an acute infection of the airway tract in the nose and throat that can sometimes spread down into the lungs.
		About 10-20% of people in the United States get the flu every year, and more than 200,000 are admitted to a hospital for complications related to the flu.
	www.emedicinehealth.com /flu_in_adults/article_em.htm (362 words)

	Viral varieties
		A diagram of the structure of an influenza virus, showing eight genes inside, and the outer spikes that can be recognized by the immune system.
		The direct medical cost of flu is guesstimated at $4.6 billion annually (not counting lost work time).
		That shiftiness is related to two proteins on the virus' surface, called hemagglutinin and neuraminadase.
	whyfiles.org /049flu/main2.html (508 words)

	Jack's "Bugs in the News" - "Flu"
		This virus, however, is still an influenza virus, with all of the properties of such a virus; however, now there exists a new strain of influenza virus.
		The acronym, H5N1, stands for: Hemagglutinin type 5 and Neuraminidase type 1 (genetic types associated with proteins within the outer coat of the virus which are required for the virus to be able to infect a cell).
		This strain of virus is apparently directly transmissable from birds (chicken) to humans.
	people.ku.edu /~jbrown/flu.html (1063 words)

	RedOrbit - Health - Scientists Solve Puzzle of Flu Virus Replication (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-30)
		As governments bolster efforts to halt the spread of avian flu which has killed 83 people since 2003, an international team of researchers has discovered that the flu virus infects cells by organizing its genetic material in a set of eight segments.
		Influenza A is the family of viruses responsible for seasonal flu as well pandemic strains such as the 1918 Spanish Flu that killed as many as 50 million people worldwide.
		So far it has not shown it is highly infectious in humans but knowing how the virus replicates and the mechanism that controls it could provide new targets for antiviral drugs.
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/369717/scientists_solve_puzzle_of_flu_virus_replication/index.html (482 words)

	deseretnews.com \| 2 Utah labs received flu virus samples
		Kits containing influenza viruses that included a Type A subtype H2N2 virus similar to the one that caused the Asian Flu pandemic in 1957-1958 was sent to almost 5,000 laboratories in 18 countries to be used to test the labs' proficiency in typing flu strains.
		A lab in Canada realized what the virus was and contacted the World Health Organization, which urged the labs to destroy the samples because of the remote possibility they could trigger a global outbreak.
		This H2N2 virus strain was removed from vaccinations in 1968, and anyone born after that would have little if any immunity to it in the unlikely event it got out, said Dave Mendenhall, bureau director for laboratory improvement of the Public Health Laboratory run by the state Department of Health.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,600126144,00.html (645 words)

	Flu and Cold Resources at PAMF
		In general, the flu is worse than the common cold, and symptoms such as fever, body aches, extreme tiredness, and dry cough are more common and intense.
		The flu is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses.
		Prevention of the flu can be helped by a regular flu shot in the fall of each year.
	www.pamf.org /flu (559 words)

	Influenza - Medical and health information on the common cold and flu
		Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is an illness caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract.
		Influenza viruses are divided into three types, designated A, B, and C. Influenza types A and B are responsible for epidemics of respiratory illness that occur almost every winter and are often associated with increased rates of hospitalization and death.
		Flu Vaccine - The flu vaccination (influenza) is recommended for persons at high risk for serious complications from influenza virus infection.
	www.medicinenet.com /influenza/article.htm (509 words)

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