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Topic: Fluid and crystallized intelligence

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	Fluid and crystallized intelligence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In psychometrics, fluid and crystallized intelligence (abbreviated gf and gc respectively) are factors of intelligence test scores originally described by Raymond Cattell.
		Crystallized intelligence is usually described as being dependent on learning, while fluid intelligence is independent of past experience.
		In other words, fluid intelligence is a simple, innate, general ability, which stays fairly constant throughout life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence (470 words)

	Factor analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Suppose a psychologist proposes a theory that there are two kinds of intelligence, "verbal intelligence" and "mathematical intelligence".
		The numbers by which the two "intelligences" are multiplied are posited by the theory to be the same for all students, and are called "factor loadings".
		His research lead to the development of his theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Factor_analysis (1727 words)

	[No title]
		Fluid intelligence is thought to be primarily innate in nature and is related to all types of problem solving.
		Crystallized intelligence, however, increases with age and other subtests of the Wechsler scale are correlated with it.
		As Darkenwald and Merriam (1982) observe, "The decrease in fluid and the increase in crystallized intelligence serve as equalizers with the end effect of a fairly stable overall IQ measure throughout adulthood" (p.
	home.twcny.rr.com /hiemstra/tlchap2.html (4909 words)

	Article2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fluid intelligence was defined by Belski in 1990, as "on-the-spot reasoning ability, a skill not basically dependant on our experience." Belsky indicates this type of intelligence is active when the central nervous system is at it physiological peak.
		The Fluid Intelligence Test (FIT-RIII), X. Jouve (2000) purports to be "a good indicator of general intelligence." It is used in vocational guidance in the sciences, and was especially conceived to determine if an individual could succeed in a scientific career.
		The testing of fluid intelligence, as it is accomplished in the TotalView test battery, appears to be a relatively safe way to gain some insight into an individual's general intelligence, particularly in terms of one's ability to learn quickly and apply that learning in quite different contexts.
	www.predictsuccess.com /Article2.asp (854 words)

	Is Poker Skill Just Intelligence? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The past century of research on intelligence has been centered around an observation made by Charles Spearman in 1904, that a broad variety of seemingly unrelated cognitive abilities are positively correlated; if you’re good at one, you tend to be good at another.
		Fluid intelligence, loosely speaking, is a kind of mental agility that tends to peak at around the age of 40 and decline thereafter.
		In poker terms, fluid intelligence is the ability to make the right decision by thinking it through at the table, while crystallized intelligence is the ability to make the right decision because you’ve seen similar situations many times and know the correct decision.
	www.cardplayer.com /poker_magazine/archives/showarticle.php?a_id=14942&m_id=65571 (1508 words)

	WVU psychology professor receives grant to study cognitive aspects of aging
		Fluid intelligence is tied to biology and deals with an individual’s ability to make on-the-spot decisions that are not dependent on experience.
		Crystallized intelligence is the amount of information a person has absorbed and accumulated from a society’s culture over time.
		Being able to use information to solve problems or make decisions is one of those skills that draws from both fluid and crystallized intelligence," Patrick added.
	www.nis.wvu.edu /releases/aginggrant.htm (370 words)

	The Prometheus Society > Articles > Theories of Multiple Intelligence
		That means that our fluid intelligence and our crystallized intelligence are so similar at an early age that it's almost impossible to tell them apart.
		Those that put their intelligence to work in other ways, such as becoming ranchers or artists, will not show the same intellectual growth, and may even show a decline in IQ on conventional measures of intelligence.
		Comparable data for culture fair (fluid) intelligence tests is more meager, partly because culture fair tests haven't existed as long, and partly because much less practical use has been made of them.
	www.prometheussociety.org /articles/multiple.html (3397 words)

	CHC Theory
		Gf, usually called "fluid intelligence" or "fluid reasoning," refers to inductive and deductive reasoning with materials and processes that are new to the person doing the reasoning.
		Gc usually called "crystallized" or "crystallized verbal" ability [but called Comprehension-Knowledge on the Woodcock-Johnson III (Woodcock, McGrew, and Mather, 2001], refers to the application of acquired knowledge and learned skills to answering questions and solving problems presenting at least broadly familiar materials and processes.
		Subtests of general knowledge and vocabulary are relatively pure measures of crystallized intelligence.
	alpha.fdu.edu /psychology/chc_theory.htm (2214 words)

	Discussion on IQ, age is pretty fluid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fluid intelligence is more or less the smarts you were born with, your ability to think and reason and process information.
		Crystallized intelligence is the information and vocabulary you have managed to amass from school and from plain old everyday life.
		Now it stands to reason that unless you are a complete goof-off your crystallized intelligence will continue to rise as you go through life because, at least in theory, you're always learning stuff and acquiring new skills.
	www.azcentral.com /news/columns/articles/0212clay12.html (384 words)

	The American Federation for Aging Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One study of intelligence over a lifetime found that by the age of 81, only 30-40% of study participants had a significant decline in mental ability.
		Fluid intelligence (also called "native mental ability") is the information processing system.
		Crystallized intelligence is accumulated information and vocabulary acquired from school and everyday life.
	www.healthandage.com /html/min/afar/content/other6_1.htm (1365 words)

	Fluid and crystallized intelligence
		An individually administered measure of general intelligence developed from fluid and crystallized theory.
		Research has found that there are two components to intelligence: crystallized and fluid intelligence.
		In psychometrics, fluid and crystallized intelligence (abbreviated gf and gc respectively) are factors of intelligence test scores originally described by Raymond...
	www.logicjungle.com /wiki/Fluid_and_crystallized_intelligence (276 words)

	KAIT
		This individually administered intelligence test is designed to assess persons 11 to 85+ and is composed of separate Crystallized and Fluid scales.
		The theoretical model for the scale was derived from Horn and Cattell's (1966, 1967) conceptualization of Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence while models for the 8 subtests included Luria and Golden's (1981, 1980) planning ability and Piaget's (1972) formal operations.
		An additional subtest for each scale (Famous Faces for the Crystallized and Memory for Block Designs for Fluid) are available as a substitute to one of the core subtests.
	alpha.fdu.edu /psychology/kait.htm (1580 words)

	The Role of Aging in Adult Learning: Implications for Instructors in Higher Education
		The significance of this seminal study seems to be that noticeable overall mental decline in the primary abilities does not generally occur until later in life.
		Additionally, it should be noted that research pertaining to the secondary mental abilities usually focuses on two: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence (Cavanaugh, et.
		Younger people perform at a higher level where rote memorization that is part of fluid intelligence is measured whereas older, more experienced people make up for this in what is called crystallized intelligence through better developed verbal abilities and judgment (Merriam, 2001).
	www.newhorizons.org /lifelong/higher_ed/crawford.htm (3950 words)

	[No title]
		Fluid intelligence is, "...the ability to perceive complex relations and engage in short-term memory, concept formation, reasoning, and abstraction" (p.
		Crystallized intelligence is influenced more heavily by education and experience.
		Fluid intelligence is generally thought to peak in adolescence and crystallized intelligence is beleived to increase or remain stable during most of adulthood.
	www.fsu.edu /~adult-ed/jenny/learning.html (6047 words)

	Institute for Applied Psychometrics
		Elliott, C. The measurement of fluid intelligence: Comparison of the Wechsler scales with the DAS and the KAIT.
		Horn, J. The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence.
		Raykov, T. Growth curve analysis of ability means and variances in measure of fluid intelligence of older adults.
	www.iapsych.com /gfvalidity.htm (3388 words)

	Five Letters from Grady Towers
		This model of intelligence was elicited from data supplied mostly by college students (roughly the top 25 percent of the IQ spectrum).
		These are the same three major factors discovered by Horn and Cattell when they first named fluid and crystallized intelligence.
		The verbal form of intelligence took preeminence from the first days of intelligence testing because it predicts literacy and the literate run the world.
	www.megasociety.net /noesis/141/towers.html (2073 words)

	What is intelligence
		The theory that intelligence is a trait which can be measured is known as the ____________________ approach.
		The main purpose of these tests is not to measure intelligence (whatever that is) but rather to identify children who are in need of some type of special educational services.
		The concept of mental age is no longer used and now all IQ tests compare an individual's score to the scores of people the same age in the standardization sample, a large group of people on whom the test has been tried out.
	personal.ecu.edu /ironsmithe/psich09.htm (1834 words)

	[No title]
		fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence both decline b.
		crystallized intelligence remains fairly constant from adolescence to old age c.
		fluid and crystallized intelligence remain fairly constant from adolescence to old age 20.
	www-rcf.usc.edu /~smadigan/Test3Key(FormA).doc (873 words)

	Newswise
		WVU intelligence aging cognitive psychology health fluid crystallized
		That question being debated among psychologists worldwide will be the focus of a study by a West Virginia University Assistant Professor of Psychology.
		She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the Department of Psychology's life-span developmental psychology program.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view?id=AGING.WVU (396 words)

	Return-Path: <eperrone@umich (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		increases, and general intelligence stays the same.
		decreases, and general intelligence stays the same.
		Crystallized intelligence increases with age, while fluid intelligence
	www.umich.edu /~psycours/350/jaeckelj/testquest.htm (1889 words)

	1101: INTELLIGENCE
		Intelligence regarded as a measure of current mental functioning, fluid
		Thurstone's primary mental abilities: there is a set of specific factors comprising intelligence
		crystallized intelligence can compensate for decline in fluid intelligence with age
	www.mindspring.com /~dileader/classes/1101/notementalabilities.htm (415 words)

	Raymond Cattell -
		Raymond Bernard Cattell (20 March, 1905 - 2 February, 1998) was a British and American psychologist who theorized the existence of fluid and crystallized intelligences to explain human cognitive ability.
		He was notoriously productive throughout his 92 years, and ultimately was able to claim a combined authorship and co-authorship of 55 books and some 500 journal articles in addition to at least 30 standardized tests.
		Psychology and social progress: Mankind and destiny from the standpoint of a scientist.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Raymond_Cattell (776 words)

	Poker Chip News and Poker Chip Reviews
		One only need observe Layne for a moment to instantly witness an effervescent, chatty, intelligent, and refreshingly honest young man. Nearly everyone is aware of Layne’s nickname, “Back-to-Back Flack,” for his amazing feat of winning two coveted World Series of Poker bracelets back-to-back in no-limit hold’em events in 2002.
		I'm sticking to the theme I set on Monday when I posted an article about whether success in poker is a factor of intelligence or of skill or both.
		More key to these ponderings is how deeply intelligence is tied to the natural predilection for acquiring those poker senses and skills.
	www.chipnews.org /index.php?/archives/200509.html (4063 words)

	KAIT: Kaufman Adolescent and Adult Intelligence Test
		The Kaufman Adolescent & Adult Intelligence Test (KAIT) is a multi-subtest battery that thoroughly covers the age range from 11 years to 85+, and is based on the Cattell-Horn model of fluid/crystallized intelligence.
		It yields Fluid, Crystallized, and Composite IQs, each with reliability and stability coefficients in the.90s.
		The two-factor structure (Crystallized and Fluid) is based on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses described in the manual.
	ags.pearsonassessments.com /group.asp?nGroupInfoID=a3650 (1067 words)

	Curriculum Vitae - Paul B. Baltes
		Furry, C. A., and Baltes, P. The effect of ability-extraneous performance variables on the assessment of intelligence in children, adults, and the elderly.
		Hofland, B. F., Willis, S. L., and Baltes, P. Fluid intelligence performance in the elderly: Intraindividual variability and conditions of assessment.
		Baltes, P. B., and Kliegl, R. On the dynamics between growth and decline in the aging of intelligence and memory.
	www.mpib-berlin.mpg.de /en/mitarbeiter/cv/baltes-body.htm (7399 words)

	Secrets Of Aging - Mind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While it takes longer for us to adapt to new situations or to learn new things as we age, our base of knowledge is always growing.
		Try this shockwave activity to learn about "fluid" and "crystallized" intelligence.
		Short term memory tends to decrease with age.
	www.secretsofaging.org /mind (123 words)

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