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Topic: Fluid replacement

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	Fluid replacement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes.
		In severe dehydration, intravenous fluid replacement is preferred, and may be lifesaving.
		The third space where bodily fluid resides is the interstitial space, or the space between the cells within the tissues.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fluid_replacement (358 words)

	Position Stand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fluids should be readily available and served in containers that allow adequate volumes to be ingested with ease and with minimal interruption of exercise.
		It is therefore reasonable to surmise that fluid replacement that offsets dehydration and excessive elevation in body heat during exercise may be instrumental in reducing the risk of thermal injury (37).
		Although the impact of fluid deficits on cardiovascular function and thermoregulation is evident, the extent to which exercise performance is altered by fluid replacement remains unclear.
	www.fiu.edu /~clearym/Sports_Medicine/ACSM_Fluid_Replacement.htm (5015 words)

	SSE #50: Fluid and Carbohydrate Replacement During Exercise: How Much and Why? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fluid ingestion equal to the rate of sweating was more effective than voluntary or partial fluid replacement (Bean and Eichna, 1943; Eichna et al., 1945; Pitts et al., 1944).
		The primary benefit of sufficient fluid replacement during exercise is that it helps to maintain cardiac output and allows blood flow to the skin to increase to high levels so as to promote heat dissipation from the skin, thereby preventing excessive storage of body heat (Montain and Coyle, 1992a).
		Fluid replacement does help to prevent loss of water from the blood plasma, but in endurance-trained athletes, this improved maintenance of plasma volume apparently does not by itself increase blood flow to the skin to reduce core temperature (Montain and Coyle, 199b).
	www.gssiweb.com /reflib/refs/23/d0000000200000062.cfm?pid=96 (3895 words)

	Fluid replacement
		And fluids are a vital part of proper nutrition.Whether you're an elite marathon runner, rower or cyclist, or simply work out a couple of times a week in the gym or local health club, it is a virtual certainty that some sort of fluid replacement will improve your performance.
		Correct fluid replacement is essential for training just as much as competition, although more attention tends to be given to the latter.
		It is customary to take on fluid during official breaks in the game such as half-time in soccer or change-overs in tennis but this should be the minimum, especially in a warm environment.
	www.pponline.co.uk /encyc/0311.htm (1498 words)

	Nutrition and the Athlete Fluid Replacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of the key factors of fluid for the athlete is for body temperature control.
		Fluid replacement is a special concern for children involved in sports.
		These beverages provide both a fluid replacement and are a source of carbohydrate fuel.
	www-unix.oit.umass.edu /~excs597k/tow/fluid.htm (549 words)

	MASSACHUSETTS HOCKEY ON-LINE ** Fluid Replacement - Preventing Dehydration
		Restricting fluids during exercise could actually cause a DECREASE in the athlete's performance, and could cause serious medical problems to an athlete.
		This is needed to replace water excreted via urine (1.3 quarts), the skin (0.85 quart by perspiration), and the lungs (0.35 quarts by exhaled air).
		With vigorous exercise, there will be an increase in the loss of fluid from the skin (from up to 3.0 to 5.0 quarts) and from the lungs (up to 0.7 quarts).
	www.masshockey.com /Safety/Fluid (903 words)

	UpToDate Fluid replacement in volume depletion in adults
		There are two major issues that must be addressed when instituting fluid replacement therapy: the type of fluid that is given; and the rate of volume replacement [1].
		The type of fluid given is largely dependent upon the type of fluid that has been lost and any concurrent fluid and electrolyte disorders [1].
		The choice of replacement fluid in hypernatremia, for example, depends upon the source of fluid loss: dextrose and water alone can be given if there has only been water loss (as in diabetes insipidus), whereas a hypotonic saline solution should be administered in patients who have lost both salt and water (as with diarrhea).
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=fldlytes/13345 (626 words)

	Fluid and Electrolytes to support activity Nutrition section - Time-to-Run - nutritional information for athletes
		The only way to prevent heat stroke is to drink sufficient fluid before and during the activity, rest in the shade when tired, and wear lightweight clothing that allows evaporation.
		For noncompetitive, everyday active people, plain cool water is recommended, especially in warm weather, for two reasons: it rapidly leaves the digestive tract to enter the tissues where it is needed, and it cools the body from the inside out.
		Fluid and Electrolyte replacement during and after activity..
	www.time-to-run.com /nutrition/fluid-electrolytes.htm (746 words)

	PT Tip - Fluid Replacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For events requiring a high rate of fluid intake, it is ideal to drink fluids with less than 7% carbohydrate to optimize fluid delivery and sustain hydration.
		Fluids with salt (sodium chloride) are beneficial to increasing thirst and voluntary fluid intake and offsetting the amount lost in sweat.
		Replacing fluids with a beverage that has less than 8% carbohydrate assures the fastest rate of fluid absorption.
	www.tasspt.com /archived_fluid_replacement.htm (388 words)

	American College of Sports Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Recommended fluid intake before, during, and after exercise is an important part of regulating body temperature and replacing body fluids lost through sweating.
		As noted in the ACSM Position Stand, proper fluid ingestion prior to and during competition prevents or delays the detrimental effects of dehydration.
		ACSM's Position Stand, "Exercise and Fluid Replacement," is the fourth issue of fluid replacement guidelines and recommendations for fluid ingestion and the prevention of heat injury during exercise.
	www.acsm.org /publications/newsreleases2003/fluid072303.htm (536 words)

	Input Rate as a Major Determinant of Furosemide Pharmacodynamics: Influence of Fluid Replacement and Hypoalbuminemia -- ...
		not increase proportionally to fluid replacement, and 3) the infusion
		That is, the extent of fluid replacement shifted the dose-response
		the presence of a fluid replacement of 121 ml/h, the bolus of
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/28/3/323 (4726 words)

	GUIDELINES FOR FLUID REPLACEMENT DURING MARATHON RUNNING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This contrasts to the currently popular dogma which holds that thirst is an inadequate index of the fluid requirements during exercise, and thus athletes who drink only in response to their thirst will become sufficiently dehydrated during exercise that their performances will be impaired and their health placed at risk.
		Athlete interview evidence suggests that world-class runners ingest minimal fluid volume during their competitive races, primarily because of the difficulty of such ingestion when racing at the high exercise intensities (~85% of maximum oxygen consumption) and fast running speeds necessary to achieve success in top-level races.
		Among those who develop the hyponatraemia of exercise, the rates of fluid ingestion during exercise are very much higher and may be as high as 1.5 liters per hour (7-9,44).
	www.aims-association.org /guidelines_for_fluid_replacement.htm (5274 words)

	FLUID REPLACEMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		An easy way to determine the amount of fluid you have lost is to weigh yourself before and after exercise.
		Even when exercise is done indoors or in cooler temperatures, fluids lost through sweating still need to be replaced.
		Fluid replacement is important before, during, and after the event.
	www.metrohealth.org /HI/indexes/SPOR5121.htm (392 words)

	The importance of fluid intake nutrition section A Time-to-Run - nutritional information for athletes
		Higher volumes of fluid replacement have proven advantageous for runners and cyclists under these conditions.
		The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that this fluid be replaced through "frequent (every 15 to 20 minutes) consumption of moderate (150 mL) to large (350 mL) volumes [of liquid] if possible".
		The study concluded "it may not be possible for athletes to absorb sufficient fluid to maintain hydration during competitive running exercise.
	www.time-to-run.com /nutrition/fluid.htm (258 words)

	Nutrition and the Athlete, Fluid Replacement, NF92-72 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		One of the key functions of fluid for the athlete is for body temperature control.
		Fluid losses of 7-10 percent of body weight will lead to heat stroke and death.
		Fluid replacement is a special concern for children involved in sports activities.
	ianrpubs.unl.edu /foods/nf72.htm (593 words)

	TMR - Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Drinking fluids before, during, and after exercise is key to improved health, safety, and physical performance for everyone involved in physical activity, from walkers and gardeners to competitive athletes.
		During exercise, individuals should start drinking early and at regular intervals in an attempt to consume fluids at a rate sufficient to replace all water lost through sweating (body weight loss) or consume the maximum amount that can be tolerated.
		ACSM recommends that fluids be near 59-72 degrees F, be readily available, and in a container easy to use for minimal interruption of the exercise routine.
	medicalreporter.health.org /tmr0396/fluid.html (595 words)

	Industry Adopts Brake Fluid Replacement Guidelines, Bill Williams, Brake & Front End, May, 2004
		Early on in the process, it was apparent to all those on the task force that the opinions about why brake fluid should be flushed varied widely and most of them had something to do with the moisture content of the brake fluid and its boiling point.
		While moisture is definitely an issue with brake fluids, no consistent and accurate measurement identifying the percentage of moisture that is detrimental to brake fluid performance has been found in the literature.
		This is where the fluid is exposed to the highest degree of heat and the heat causes the corrosion inhibitors to breakdown.
	www.babcox.com /editorial/bf/bf50412.htm (2524 words)

	Encyclopedia: Fluid replacement
		Comparative brain sizes In animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), acts as the control center of the central nervous system.
		An intravenous drip in a hospital Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein.
		In physiology and medicine, hypovolemia is a state of decreased blood volume; more specifically, decrease in volume of blood plasma.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Fluid-replacement (819 words)

	Fluid Replacement in Athletes: How Much Is Too Much?
		The life-threatening condition known as hyponatremia occurs when excess fluids -- ingested orally or intravenously -- cause depletion of sodium in the body.
		With the increasing popularity of ultradistance triathlons and Iron Man events in the 1990s, the incidence of hyponatremia has risen, and the condition is now under close scrutiny by sports medicine specialists and scientists around the world.
		The ACSM's general recommendations detail the amount and composition of fluid that should be ingested in preparation for, during, and after exercise or athletic competition.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/17/1676_50170.htm (665 words)

	All-Net \| CVVH: filter replacement fluid calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Each hour, the volume of filtration replacement fluid (FRF) is adjusted to yield the desired fluid balance.
		All fluids removed from the patient (ultrafiltrate, urine, gastric drainage, etc.) and all fluids administered to the patient except for the FRF are totaled each hour.
		The desired fluid balance is determined (e..g., removal of 50 ml/hr) from clinical considerations.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /all-net/english/kidpage/CVVH/FRFCALC.HTM (189 words)

	Intravenous fluid replacement minimised dehydration during sodium picosulphate bowel preparation for colonic surgery -- ...
		Intravenous fluid replacement minimised dehydration during sodium picosulphate bowel preparation for colonic surgery -- Brosnahan 5 (3): 85 -- Evidence-Based Nursing
		Intravenous fluid replacement minimised dehydration during sodium picosulphate bowel preparation for colonic surgery
		Randomized clinical trial of intravenous fluid replacement during bowel preparation for surgery.
	ebn.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/5/3/85 (535 words)

	Military Medicine: Water versus Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Fluid Replacement during Loaded Marching Under Heat Stress
		This study compared the effectiveness of carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) fluid replacement versus water (WAT) on hydration status, physiological and subjective responses, and exercise performance during a 3 × 60-minute loaded (14 kg) treadmill walk in 35°C ambient temperature and 55% humidity.
		A fluid bolus of 5 mL-kg^sup -1^ body mass was ingested immediately before exercise, followed by 3 mL-kg^sup -1^ every 15 minutes during exercise and rest periods.
		Estimates of metabolic cost and exercise intensity were calculated based on the formula of Pandolf20 and assuming a VO^sub 2^max of 53 mL-kg^sup -1^min^sup -1^ for this population (C. Byrne, unpublished observations).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3912/is_200508/ai_n14899876 (1002 words)

	MTX-75 Manual Transmission Fluid Replacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Initial impressions after replacing the Redline D4 with the Ford oil was that the shifts were much more positive.
		It is unlikely, however, since it is almost impossible to drain every single drop of the old fluid out of the transmission, but if you like to err on the safe side, order three quarts.
		The fluid should be between 0 and 5mm below the fill hole (5mm is about ¼ of an inch).
	focus.noegruts.com /trannyoil/trannyoil.htm (1371 words)

	Fluid Replacement in Athletes: How Much Is Too Much?
		Yet more recently, scientists have increasingly focused on what happens when too much fluid is ingested.
		He suggests that athletes eat foods that are high in potassium, such as bananas.
		And not all athletes are created equal when it comes to fluid loss and sweat concentrations, Stoddard adds.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/17/1676_50170 (665 words)

	Sport Rider - Ask the Geek: Clutch Fluid Replacement
		Once you've sucked up as much of the dirty fluid as you can, dab any leftover dirt with a clean rag, being careful not to leave any lint behind.
		Leaving the screw open, slowly pump the lever-the fluid in the hose will prevent air from going back into the system on the return stroke.
		Keep pumping (while ensuring there is always fluid in the master cylinder) until you see clean fluid in the tube.
	www.sportrider.com /tech/146_0110_askthegeek (461 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Thirst - absent
		Absence of thirst is a lack of the urge to consume fluids.
		The absence of thirst at various times during the day is normal, if the body is not requiring fluid replacement.
		Drink adequate amounts of fluids, even if you do not feel thirsty (6 - 8 glasses per day may be advised).
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003086.htm (358 words)

	A Fluid Replacement for Mechanical Parts - Creativity Pool
		Plus, in order to make hydrolic rods, you would need some sort of piston again to push around the fluid (so the fluid would serve as an extension, but the whole construction would basically be the same thing, except for the fluid reducing the imminent efficiency, e.g.
		It has the fluid inside and a component that is free floating for no friction.
		Hydrolic fluid or a thicker fluid in compressed form will float a material like a plastic disc and there is no resisitance which increases the velocity that an object can go.
	www.creativitypool.com /viewtopic.php?t=1868 (875 words)

	N.P.O. fluid replacement
		IV fluid replacement for NPO deficit = 2mL/kg for each hour NPO prior to surgery.
		50% of this deficit is replaced within the first hour of surgery with the remaining 50% being replaced over the next 2 hours.
		If in this example, the patient stayed in the hospital overnight with an IV infusion at 100 mL/hr while NPO, all their NPO deficit (1 liter) would already be replaced.
	www.manuelsweb.com /npo_deficit.htm (185 words)

	Corvette Forum - 1st post!! Tranny fluid line replacement help.
		I have seen some high pressure rubber lines that are uncoated, but I like the extra protection the ss braid offers- since the lines will be running under the car.
		Someplace that is conveinent on the tube carrying fluid towards the cooler is where you would want to install your tee and sensor.
		Some people may be concerned with warming the trans fluid in cold weather...
	forums.corvetteforum.com /showthread.php?t=578233 (1610 words)

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