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Topic: Fluidic logic

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	Fluidic logic
		Fluidic logic is the implementation of Boolean algebra functions using streams of fluid (such as water or air).
		It is used mostly in environments where electronic digital logic would be unreliable (e.g., systems exposed to high levels of electromagnetic interference or ionizing radiation).
		Currently it is possible to purchase fluidic logic elements from Air Logic (http://www.air-logic.com/) in Racine, Wisconsin.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fl/Fluidic_logic.html (153 words)

	Fluidics - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Fluidics is science and technology of the application of a fluid or compressible medium to transmit energy and signals.
		The physical premices of fluidics are pneumatics and hydraulics, based on the theoretical foundation of fluid dynamics.
		Fluidic logic is an advanced domain of fluidics.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Fluidics (150 words)

	Encyclopedia: Logic gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In this article, the various types of logic gate are illustrated with drawings of their relay-and-switch implementations, although the reader should remember that these are electrically different from the semiconductor equivalents that are discussed later.
		Logic circuits are often classified in two groups: combinatorial logic, in which the outputs are continuous-time functions of the inputs, and sequential logic, in which the outputs depend on information stored by the circuits as well as on the inputs.
		The field-programmable nature of programmable logic devices such as FPGAs has removed the 'hard' property of hardware; it is now possible to change the logic design of a hardware system by reprogramming some of its components, thus allowing the features or function of a hardware implementation of a logic system to be changed.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Logic-gate (4333 words)

	Digital circuit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Logic gates often use the fewest number of transistors in order to reduce their size, power consumption and cost, and increase their reliability.
		However, asynchronous logic is thought to be superior, if it can be made to work, because its speed is not constrained by an arbitrary clock; instead, it simply runs at the maximum speed permitted by the propagation rates of the logic gates from which it is constructed.
		Most practical algorithms for optimizing large logic systems use algebraic manipulations or binary decision diagrams, and there are promising experiments with genetic algorithms and annealing optimizations.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Digital_circuit (3292 words)

	Class Definition for Class 326 - ELECTRONIC DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUITRY
		Logic is a science dealing with the basic principles and applications of truth tables, Boolean algebra, etc. and is also called symbolic logic which is a mathematical approach to the solution of complex situations by the use of symbols to define basic concepts.
		Subject matter wherein the logic circuit includes a specific circuit or device to enable a testing function to be performed (e.g., a bypass circuit that connects a signal input directly to an output, thus bypassing the logic circuit for a testing purpose, etc.).
		Subject matter wherein the logic circuit includes a unipolar transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc326/defs326.htm (4092 words)

	Digital circuit -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Electronic logic is often constructed from small electronic circuits called (A computer circuit with several inputs but only one output that can be activated by particular combinations of inputs) logic gates.
		One application of fluidic logic is in military hardware that is likely to be exposed to a nuclear (Click link for more info and facts about electromagnetic pulse) electromagnetic pulse (nuclear EMP, or NEMP) that would destroy any electrical circuits.
		Mechanical logic might also be used in very small computers that could be built by (The branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)) nanotechnology.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/d/di/digital_circuit.htm (2758 words)

	Fluidic type leak testing machine - Patent 4350038 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		A fluidic start signal sets a first fluidic flip flop device to actuate the charge valve to supply pressurized air to the container and energize a first fluid time delay unit which determines the time that the container is to be filled with air.
		Upon the operation of a fluidic start signal, the normally closed charge valve is supplied with pressurized air through a fluidic memory unit such as a first flip flop device to shift to its open position and thus connect the container to be tested to the regulated source of air.
		The fluidic actuation of the fluid operated charge valve 5 is effected by a pressurized connection to the main supply line 2 through a start signal button 3 which applies fluid pressure to terminal "a" of a conventional fluidic flip flop unit FF1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4350038.html (2738 words)

	Gas flow monitor for anesthetic machines - United States Patent 3,952,740
		The anesthetic gas and the respiratory gas are mixed in the fluidic gate and the resulting gas mixture flows through the OR output leg thereof and into the breathing circuit, when the flow rate of the respiratory gas in the control stream is sufficiently great.
		An alarm means is connected to the NOR output leg of the fluidic gate, for manifesting an alarm signal when a reduction in the flow rate of the respiratory gas in the control stream of the fluidic gate causes the power stream to flow through the NOR output leg of the fluidic gate.
		The fluidic gate then operates to direct the nitrous oxide from the power stream 33 into the NOR output leg 34, thereby pressurizing the tube 36 and closing the circuit in the pneumatically actuated switch 40.
	xrint.com /patents/us/3952740 (3472 words)

	Class 326: ELECTRONIC DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUITRY / U.S. Patent Classification Definitions
		An emitter-coupled logic device is a nonsaturated bipolar logic device in which the emitters of the input logic transistors are coupled to the emitter of a reference transistor.
		Subject matter wherein the logic means includes a unipolar transistor in which current carriers are injected at a source terminal and pass to a drain terminal through a channel of semiconductor material whose conductivity depends largely on an electrical field applied to the semiconductor from a control electrode (gate).
		Subject matter wherein the logic function unit includes an arrangement in which the source channel of plural input transistors are connected to the source and the gate of a referenced transistor, and are commonly grounded (biased) through a current source for performing a nonsaturated, differential logic operation.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/326.htm (10329 words)

	Electrofluidic converter - United States Patent 3,942,559
		Fluidic capacities may be connected to the feedback conduits, and the control inlets may be connected to a pressure source through loading conduits.
		As soon as bistable fluidic element W is supplied with pressure fluid through supply inlet E, the pressure fluid jet issuing from interaction chamber WK engages, due to the Coanda Effect, the outer wall of outlet A.sub.1, for example, and leaves the fluidic element through this outlet.
		To prevent a new switching over of the fluidic element W before armature 3 has closed the other feedback conduit, both feedback conduits are provided with respective capacities C.sub.1 and C.sub.2, so that the support of the switching operation by the pressure fluid acting on the armature is maintained for a longer time.
	xrint.com /patents/us/3942559 (2773 words)

	alternative digital logic technologies
		Fluidics -------- Some digital logic circuits work by flows of fluids, typically air, flowing through shaped channels and cavities; this is called "fluidic logic".
		The same systems used in fluidic computers are also in use in pumping applications where reliability and lack of moving parts are paramount, such as in moving radioactive waste.
		This was my best source on fluidics; although the title makes the guy sound like a raving loon, he explains on page 17 that his point is not that you could actually solve uncomputable problems with hydrodynamic systems, but that the standard hydrodynamic equations become pathological in surprising conditions.
	lists.canonical.org /pipermail/kragen-tol/2002-April/000706.html (3025 words)

	Fluidic transmission controller - Patent 4494422 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An object of the invention is to utilize fluidic circuits in the controllers, to thereby eliminate some of the disadvantages of conventional moving-part valve systems, such as valve wear, necessity for complete controller redesign for each engine-transmission match up, very close tolerances on certain valve components, and valve parts complexity.
		These vents are necessary in the fluidic logic elements that feed the spool valves in order to provide a flow path for the hydraulic fluid, since the spool valve represents a blockloaded condition and the fluidic devices are flow devices.
		We contemplate that conventional trimmer valves using spring-urged flow regulator components could be replaced by a fluidic vortex valve arranged to control the actuating pressure P+ by varying the drain rate for one of the fluid outputs from a fluidic comparator located in the P+ pressure control circuit.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4494422.html (2486 words)

	Digital circuit: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Digital circuit
		These two levels are often represented as L and H. The two levels are used to represent the binary integers or logic levels of 0 and 1.
		A voltage of 2 to 3 volts would be invalid and would occur only in a fault condition.
		Most recently, attempts are being made to construct optical computing[?] systems capable of processing digital information.
	www.encyclopedian.com /di/Digital-circuit.html (335 words)

	Fluidic logic -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This provides (Click link for more info and facts about non-linear) non-linear ((electronics) the act of increasing voltage or power or current) amplification, similar to the (A semiconductor device capable of amplification) transistor used in electronic digital logic.
		It is used mostly in environments where electronic digital logic would be unreliable (e.g., systems exposed to high levels of (Click link for more info and facts about electromagnetic interference) electromagnetic interference or (High-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes) ionizing radiation).
		To build a (A backward somersault) flip-flop, a nozzle is directed at a Y junction.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/F/Fl/Fluidic_logic.htm (177 words)

	Interface Devices
		The various devices include both fluidic and moving diaphragm control components, each to be used where its own advantages are needed.
		The indicator may be permanentaly installed in fluid systems for observing logic sequencing in routine operation.
		The 2nd Kit available is an Advanced Fluidic Logic Kit with 24 fluidic NOR logic elements, diaphragm amplifiers, cylinders, back pressure limit sensors and all accessories.
	www.air-logic.com /oldsite/Summary%20Cat/sum12and13.html (338 words)

	Fluidic logic - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fluidic logic - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		This page was last modified 17:25, 21 Mar 2005.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Fluidic logic contains research on
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Fluidic_logic (163 words)

	Learn more about List of topics in logic in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		There is a list of paradoxes on the paradox page.
		There is a list of fallacies on the logical fallacy page.
		Modern mathematical logic is at the list of mathematical logic topics page.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_topics_in_logic.html (515 words)

	Logic Controls
		The Logic Controls include two Training Fluidic Logic Kits, Fluidic NOR Logic Elements, A Manifold Card and Summing Impact Modulator.
		A basic element from which all logic circuits can be constructed.
		Fluidic Transverse Impact Modulator principle has no moving parts, half-millisecond response, high recovery and fan out.
	www.air-logic.com /oldsite/Summary%20Cat/sum14and15.html (162 words)

	Bowles Fluidics Coporation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Using patented “air logic“ fluidic technology the system provides a gentle, soothing massage in a compact, cost-effective and reliable system that can be easily integrated into residential or automotive seating applications.
		Simply switch the system on and the “no-moving-parts” fluidic automatically inflates then deflates pillows in the seat providing a soothing, therapeutic massage that’s preferred by 3 out of 4 people.
		Already in use in both the residential and vehicle markets the system’s reliability, ease of integration, low cost and superior massage feel are proving to be an unbeatable combination for seat makers and vehicle OEMS.
	www.bowlesfluidics.com /products/pneumassage.html (435 words)

	Re: Has anyone designed hydraulic logic gates or a water-logic computer?
		The history of logic gives some insight of the thought processes and the technology available to actualize the building blocks.
		Refer to the Britannica on the Internet at: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/0/0,5716,119910+1+110690,00.html To some extent fluidic logic finds application in today's technology as you can see at: http://www.britannica.com/bcom/eb/article/9/0,5716,35299+1,00.html and at: http://www.whiteknightpumps.com/public/pneulog.html As you can see there are specific applications that lend themselves to use fluids rather than electricity to perform logical functions.
		Fuzzy logic was developed in USA but was heavily exploited by the Japanese industry, typically in control of appliances.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/oct2000/970714363.Cs.r.html (190 words)

	List of topics in logic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Abacus logic -- Abduction (logic) -- Abductivevalidation -- Affine logic -- Affirming the antecedent -- Affirming the consequent -- Antecedent -- Antinomy -- Argument form -- Aristotelian logic -- Axiom -- Axiomaticsystem -- Axiomatization
		Law of excluded middle -- Law of non-contradiction -- Laws of logic -- Linear logic -- Logic -- Logic gate -- Logical assertion -- Logical biconditional -- Logicalconditional -- Logical conjunction -- Logical disjunction -- Logical equivalence -- Logical fallacy -- Logical language -- Logical nor -- Logical operator -- Logicism -- Logicprogramming
		Paraconsistent logics -- Paradox -- Pierce's law -- [Plural quantification]]-- Polish notation -- Polylogic -- Polysyllogism -- Predicate -- Principia Mathematica -- Principle of bivalence -- Proof theory -- Proposition -- Propositional calculus -- Provability logic
	www.therfcc.org /list-of-topics-in-logic-16494.html (498 words)

	List of topics in logic - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Law of excluded middle -- Law of non-contradiction -- Laws of logic -- Logic -- Logic gate -- Logical assertion -- Logical biconditional -- Logical conditional --Logical conjunction -- Logical disjunction -- Logical equivalence -- Logical fallacy -- Logical nor -- Logical operator -- Logicism -- Logic programming
		Metalogic - Modus ponens -- Modus tollens -- Multi-valued logic
		Paraconsistent logics -- Paradox -- Polish notation -- Predicate -- Principia Mathematica -- Principle of bivalence -- Proof theory -- Proposition -- Propositional calculus
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/List_of_topics_in_logic (417 words)

	Master Course Description
		May include input-store-output devices, logic file manipulation, file development, and solving engineering problems.
		Presents fundamental concepts of fluidic devices and control systems.
		Uses practical application in fluid flow phenomena in components and circuits to perform a wide variety of sensing and control functions.
	www.vccs.edu /mcf/FILEDESI.HTM (3591 words)

	US PATENT SUBCLASS 379 / 259-- .~.~ Including deflected electron beam switching device or mechanical or ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Including deflected electron beam switching device or mechanical or optical switching control (e.g., fluidic):
		The supervisory or control signal is often a call address signal.
		Such control often utilizes optical, fluidic, or mechanical logic.
	www.patentec.com /data/class/defs/379/259.html (95 words)

	Course Descriptions 4 -- HMS - MUS
		Provides instruction in networking media, physical and logical topologies, common networking standards and popular networking protocols.
		Introduces number systems, logic, basic algebra, and descriptive statistics.
		Presents topics in sets, logic, numeration systems, geometric systems, and elementary computer concepts.
	www.nr.edu /nrcc2/Catalog/cd4cont.htm (4427 words)

	One more insane idea won't hurt...
		Patterns of similarly sized pebbles in clay can be copied by some kind of folding over mechanism, serving as the control mechanism/genetic code.
		Patterns of fluid flow can be used for computation (this has actually been done - fluidic logic).
		Once the first life form exists, they can then evolve.
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/talk.origins/msg14058.html (257 words)

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