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Topic: Fluorapatite

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	Fluorapatite from the Emmons pegmatite
		The crystals occur principally in vugs in altered beryl crystals and are associated with a replacement assemblage of bertrandite, cookeite, and Fe/Mn oxide pseudomorphs after siderite/rhodochrosite.
		Fluorapatites from the Emmons pegmatite may show very complex and beautiful zoning patterns with oscillatory zones, chaotic zoning, as well as areas exhibiting partial dissolution with later overgrowth.
		All fluorapatites analyzed are close to end-member fluorapatite, Ca5(PO4)3F with a wide range of Mn and Sr impurities.
	www.pegmatology.com /bgillerdoc1.htm (325 words)

	Fluorapatite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fluorapatite (Ca F) is a fluorinated calcium phospate.
		Calcium phosphate in the form hydroxyapatite is the material from which teeth are made, and fluoridation of water is presumed to turn some of that calcium phosphate into fluorapatite.
		Fluorapatite is considerably harder than hydroxyapatite and is thought to provide a measure of protection against tooth decay.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/minerals/fluorapatite.html (89 words)

	MINERALS OF THE Pea Ridge Mine, Washington County, Missouri. - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		The texture of the grainy magnetite is due to intergrowths with hematite, fluorapatite, quartz, and calcite.
		Fluorapatite and quartz are the most abundant gangue minerals in the orebody, occurring as small grains, veinlets, and pods.
		Fluorapatite and quartz crystals do not occur together, but solid pods of both fluorapatite and quartz occur along the footwall of the deposit.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-53289036.html (2888 words)

	SOUTH DAKOTA Mineral Locality Index. - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		T.4S., R.4E.; granitic pegmatite: albite, alluaudite, beryl, chrysoberyl (aggregates, striated crystals), clinobisvanite* (microcrystals), fluorapatite, hureaulite* (microcrystals), microcline, rosemaryite* (T), schorl, spodumene, triphylite (Moore and Ito 1979).
		fluorapatite, glaucophane ("homquistite" in wall rock), heterosite, microcline, pyrite, quartz, schorl, sicklerite, spodumene (mined, some large crystals), triphylite.
		T.2S., R.6E.: granitic pegmatite: albite (cleavelandite), autunite* (in fractures), barbosalite, beraunite, beryl (mined, crystals), beta-uranophane, carbonate-fluorapatite (microcrystals and coatings), columbite, fluellite (microcrystals), fluorapatite, heterosite, hureaulite (microcrystals).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-62214071.html (4319 words)

	Fluorapatite Information Center - Fluorapatite
		Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH, or Cl ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice.
		Apatite is one of Fluorapatite very few minerals which are produced and used by biological systems.
		Fluorapatite is slightly stronger than hydroxyapatite; thus, fluoridated water, which will allow exchange in the teeth of hydroxyl ions for fluoride ions, slightly strengthens the teeth.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Chemistry_Topics_E_-_F/Fluorapatite.html (136 words)

	J Petrology 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Magmatic fluorapatites of five African carbonatite complexes were analyzed for rare-earth (REE) and trace elements by electron microprobe and high-resolution synchrotron micro-XRF to explore the fluorapatite composition during different stages of carbonatite magma evolution.
		Fluorapatite trace element characteristics are therefore thought to be indicative for carbonatite evolution, and can reflect the relative degree of magma fractionation.
		We suggest that the (Eu/Eu)cn and Y evolution in the fluorapatites* is a manifestation of an aqueous fluid immiscibly coexisting with the carbonatite magma from early evolution on, which is able to continuously extract divalent Eu and Y from the carbonatite magma.
	www.unb.br /ig/berbu/CMP-1.html (248 words)

	Density Functional Theory Studies of Fluorapatite under Pressure
		In addition to their geological importance, apatites are a major component of bone tissue and have been adapted to bone repair materials.
		Fluorapatite, specifically, is important in strengthening tooth enamel and has been studied extensively with respect to the use of fluoride in drinking water.
		Fluorapatite is a standard model for the apatite group and is widely studied due to its good crystallinity.
	www.sullivan.sg /research/conf4.html (827 words)

	Fluorapatite
		This gemmy green Fluorapatite crystals was exposed by breaking away the host rock of coarse grained marble.
		Fluorapatite can also occur as botryoidal crusts and in massive beds.
		It is commonly found in almost all igneous rocks and in pegmatites and hydrothermal veins.
	www.gc.maricopa.edu /earthsci/imagearchive/fluorapatite.htm (163 words)

	Apatite . Enpsychlopedia
		Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals, usually referring to hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH
		Fluorapatite (or fluoroapatite) is slightly stronger than hydroxyapatite; thus, fluoridated water, which will allow exchange in the teeth of hydroxyl ions for fluoride ions, slightly strengthens the teeth, although too much results in dental fluorosis and/or skeletal fluorosis.
		Fluorapatite is also far more resistant to acid attack and therefore a major constituent of toothpaste is a source of fluoride anions (e.g.
	www.enpsychlopedia.com /psypsych/Fluorapatite (346 words)

	Mineral specimen: Fluorapatite - Mineral specimens Search Results - Fabre Minerals (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fluorapatite in Panasqueira is often Fluorescent, but normally only a little bit.
		Fluorapatite with Siderite, a group of crystals with a very unusual Siderite crystal form.
		This is a sharp, individual, and very transparent crystal of Fluorapatite that is well positioned on its matrix of Quartz and Siderite crystals.
	www.fabreminerals.com /search_results.php?LANG=EN&MineralSpeciment=Fluorapatite (790 words)

	Collector's Edge Mineral Company - Mineral Mining Project Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fluorapatite is found sparingly in many veins at the Sweet Home Mine.
		Fluorapatite is found directly on rhodochrosite, needle quartz, and other minerals.
		Fluorapatite crystals are intimately associated with white dickite in pockets and may occur as “floaters” in this clay.
	www.collectorsedge.com /projects/mine.cfm?mine=shm&nav=minerals (1186 words)

	Enamel Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Knowing that fluorapatite seems to have better defenses toward cavities, it is interesting to find that its structural properties are not very different from those of hydroxyapatite.
		We might be able to imagine then that acids are not able to penetrate the fluorapatite crystal as easily as the hydroxyapatite crystal to begin the structural breakdown into a cavity.
		To find the answer to this question of why fluorapatite seems to be so much more resistant would most likely require further research and experimentation, but at least here we have taken a look at some of the possibilities.
	www.uvm.edu /~swgordon/131-01/131web/caseymorley/discussion.html (258 words)

	[No title]
		Twenty-nine partitioning experiments between fluorapatite (FAP) /chlorapatite (ClAP) and coexisting melts were conducted in the system of CaO-P2O5-CaF2-CaCl2—NaBr at 1120 degree C to 1400 degree C and atmospheric pressure.
		Fluorapatite from the Aoshan fluorapatite-magnetite deposit is Cl-bearing with 0.38-0.98 wt% Cl, 1.83-3.45 wt% F, and 0-52 ppm Br.
		Fluorapatite from the Oka carbonatite has trace amounts of chlorine (up to 0.052 wt%) and bromine (from 9 to 57 ppm).
	library.usask.ca /theses/available/etd-09152005-104638 (567 words)

	Fluorapatite (1306-05-4). Index from Fluoride Action Network Pesticides Project..
		The most common source of fluoride (F-) in the environment is the natural mineral fluorapatite, which is a fluorinated calcium phosphate rock.
		Fluorapatite is mined as the primary source of phosphate fertilizer.
		Since it is hard to distinguish between these minerals, and since they may partially replace each other, a distinction between them is rarely made, and they are simply called "Apatite".
	www.flouridealert.com /pesticides/fluorapatite-page.htm (797 words)

	Fluorapatite (1306-05-4). Index from Fluoride Action Network Pesticides Project..
		The most common source of fluoride (F-) in the environment is the natural mineral fluorapatite, which is a fluorinated calcium phosphate rock.
		Fluorapatite is mined as the primary source of phosphate fertilizer.
		Apatite is the most common phosphate mineral, and is the main source of the phosphorus required by plants.
	www.fluoridealert.org /pesticides/fluorapatite-page.htm (797 words)

	Fluorapatite Article, Fluorapatite Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Apatite is a group of minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH
		Hydroxylapatite is the majorcomponent of tooth enamel, and a large component of bone material.
		Fluorapatite is slightly stronger than hydroxyapatite ; thus, fluoridated water,which will allow exchange in the teeth of hydroxyl ions for fluoride ions, slightlystrengthens the teeth.
	www.anoca.org /minerals/ions/fluorapatite.html (192 words)

	FLUORAPATITE AND BIOTITE CHEMISTRY IN ORTHOPYROXENE-BEARING MIGMATITES: EXAMPLES FROM CALIFORNIA AND SOUTHERN INDIA
		At both localities fluorapatites are coarser grained and recrystallized in the leucosomes compared to the hosts.
		Inclusions of monazite occur sporadically in fluorapatite in the hosts and leucosomes at both localities.
		Monazite inclusions formed by the reaction of fluorapatite with a fluid during or after the solidification of the leucosomes.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2006AM/finalprogram/abstract_113907.htm (526 words)

	Fluorapatite in Colorado
		This is a very nice fluorapatite crystal with good luster on the termination.
		Fluorapatite from Fulford, Eagle Co. Measures 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5cm.
		This is a single pink crystal of fluorapatite from Mt. White with a bit of mica attached.
	www.peaktopeak.com /colorado/mineral.php3?mineralid=115 (41 words)

	Fluorapatite, Andradite, Willemite- Franklin, New Jersey
		Once in a great while this sort of fluorapatite assemblage turns up on the Buckwheat.
		Fluorapatite in this assemblage was once known as "svabite" and is still called that by some collectors.
		Modern analyses suggest that most of this material is indeed fluorapatite, though like svabite it sometimes contains arsenic.
	www.njminerals.org /nzsvabite.html (166 words)

	Fluorapatite: Fluorapatite mineral information and data.
		Fluorapatites occur in almost all igneous rocks, during initial phases of paragenesis, as an accessory mineral, commonly in microscopic crystals, and may occur as very large bodies as late-magmatic segregations alkalic igneous rocks.
		Also occurs crystallized in pegamtitic facies of acidic and basic types of igneous rocks.
		Young, E.J., Mayers, A.T., Munson, E.L., and Cankln, N.M. (1969) Mineralogy and geochemistry of fluorapatite from Cerro de Mercado, Mexico.
	www.mindat.org /min-1572.html (1114 words)

	Chris Armstrong's Homepage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Then using this geological fluorapatite as a model, other fluorapatite samples, and indeed hydroxyapatite samples may be examined in reference.
		Further, as the Raman spectra are changed to such an extent, it is good evidence the metal ions substituting into the actual fluorapatite lattice, rather than just being associated with the surface of the crystallites or the collagen matrix.
		These stoichiometric fluorapatite crystals will then be put into a metal ion solution in order to see the effect of the metal ions on the crystallite surface.
	www.keele.ac.uk /depts/ch/groups/csg/caa/chrishome.htm (1549 words)

	Fluorapatite from the Emmons pegmatite, Oxford County, Maine - Contributed Papers in Specimen Mineralogy Rocks & ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The crystals occur principally in vugs in altered beryl crystals and are associated with a replacement assemblage of betrandite, cookeite, and Fe/Mn oxide pseudomorphs after siderite/rhodochrosite.
		Fluorapatites from the Emmons pegmatite may show very complex and beautiful zoning patterns with oscillatory zones, chaotic zoning, and areas exhibiting partial dissolution with later overgrowth.
		All analyzed fluorapatites are close to end-member fluorapatite, [Ca.sub.5](P[O.sup.4])[sup.3]F, with a wide range of Mn and Sr impurities.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GDX/is_2_78/ai_98370223 (396 words)

	Phosphate Rock
		Phosphate rock can be any rock or sediment with sufficiently high concentrations of some form of the mineral fluorapatite (Ca to be of commercial value.
		Fluorapatite composes the mineral part of vertebrate bones and teeth.
		Collophane is the massive fine-grained variety of apatite in phosphate rock.
	www.state.ar.us /agc/phosphat.htm (323 words)

	IngentaConnect Thermal annealing of fission tracks in fluorapatite, chlorapatite... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this study we standardize etching conditions and optimize track length measurability by etching until etch pits formed at the surface of each apatite crystal reached widths of about 0.74 µ.
		The equivalent isotropic length is more useful than mean length for thermal history analysis because the variation caused by anisotropy has been removed.
		Using normalized etching procedures and equivalent isotropic length data, we found that the fluorapatite anneals most readily, followed by Durango apatite, manganoanapatite, and lastly chlorapatite.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nrc/cjes/2003/00000040/00000007/art00007 (649 words)

	Quintessence Publishing
		The aim of the present study was to test fruit yogurt, a popular snack for children, and the degrees of saturation (pK-pl) with respect to hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite to determine their erosive potential.
		Calcium content was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, phosphorus by the inductively coupled plasma method, and fluoride content by ion chromatography.
		The degrees of saturation of hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite were calculated by use of a computer program.
	www.quintpub.com /journals/qi/abstract.php?iss2_id=205&article_id=2357&article=8&title=Fruit (160 words)

	Mn-Apatite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The dominant band in the spectrum of fluorapatite from Eibenstein is in the 640 nm region with E
		Because Mn(V) has intense absorption in the visible region of the spectrum, if a small proportion of the total Mn is Mn(V) at the P site it would dominate the spectrum and the color of the mineral.
		To determine if the pale blue color is a radiation-induced color, a fragment of the fluorapatite crystal was heated at 400° C for 1 hour.
	minerals.gps.caltech.edu /Manuscripts/2004/Mn_apatite/Index.htm (404 words)

	IVOCLAR
		The fluorapatite crystals contained in IPS d.SIGN imitate the optical properties of natural teeth.
		A unique combination of Fluorapatite and Leucite crystals that imitate the optical properties of natural teeth, dispersing light throughout the material in a manner similar to natural dentition.
		Now the technician can go beyond the limitations of traditional porcelains and achieve the ultimate combination of bright colors (a high degree of luminous reflectance) and high translucency (transmission of light) without adding conventional opacifying agents.
	members.rediff.com /ivml/metalceramic.htm (275 words)

	Advantages of TOF-SIMS Analysis of Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Comparison with XRD, HR-TEM and FT-IR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite were synthesized at 80±1°C and pH 7.4±0.2.
		Fluorapatite was better crystallized, with its (300) reflection shifted to a slightly higher angle.
		In addition, a peak at 19 amu due to fluorine could be clearly seen, although the intensities of PO, PO 2, and PO 3 were very low.
	wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp /jsdmd/2005/24-4ee-6.html (221 words)

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