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Topic: Fluorene

	9-aminoalkylfluorenes
		Fluorenes bearing a 9-aminoalkyl substituent are useful antiarrhythmic agents.
		As an illustration of the process, a fluorene derivative such as 9-(3-aminopropyl)-9-cyanofluorene can be mixed with about an equimolar quantity of an alkylating agent such as cyclohexyl bromide in a solvent such as benzene and in the presence of triethylamine.
		For example, a 9-substituted fluorene such as 9-aminocarbonylfluorene can be reacted with a cyanoalkene such as acrylonitrile in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride or Triton B to provide the corresponding 9-aminocarbonyl-9-(.omega.-cyanoalkyl)fluorene, for instance 9-aminocarbonyl-9-(2-cyanoethyl)fluorene.
	www.nmbest.biz /scitechcatalog/9-aminoalkylfluorenes.html (4211 words)

	Fluorene (CASRN 86-73-7) \| IRIS \| US EPA
		Fluorene produced no positive results in reverse mutation assays in five strains of Salmonella typhimurium (1000 ug/plate) or in forward mutation assays in Salmonella strain TM677 (50 ug/mL) (McCann et al., 1975; LaVoie et al., 1979, 1981; Sakai et al., 1985; Bos et al., 1988; Kaden et al., 1979; Mamber et al., 1983).
		DNA damage assays with fluorene were not positive in Escherichia coli at concentrations of up to 2 mg/mL (Mamber et al., 1983, 1984) or in primary rat hepatocyte cultures at a maximum concentration of 3 mM (Sina et al., 1983).
		Fluorene produced positive results in a DNA dammage assay (strand-break assay) in L5178Y/mouse lymphoma cells at 0.15 uM in the presence of hepatic homogenates and at 0.5 uM in the absence of hepatic homogenates (Garberg et al., 1988).
	www.epa.gov /iriswebp/iris/subst/0435.htm (2169 words)

	info: Fluorene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fluorene, or 9H-fluorene, is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
		Fluorene should not be confused with fluorone, nor with the element fluorine.
		Fluorene Degradation Pathway MapThis pathway was contributed by Dr. Anna Maria Solanas, University of Barcelona, completed by Jingfeng Feng, University of Minnesota, and up-dated by Carla Essenberg and Lynda Ellis, University of...
	www.napoli-pizza.net /Fluorene.html (455 words)

	Fluorene (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 32, 1983) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fluorene was tested for carcinogenicity in mice by skin application and by subcutaneous administration and in female rats by oral administration in the diet.
		Fluorene is present as a major component of the total content of polynuclear aromatic compounds in the environment.
		Human exposure to fluorene occurs primarily through the smoking of tobacco, inhalation of polluted air and by ingestion of food and water contaminated by combustion effluents.
	www.inchem.org /documents/iarc/vol32/fluorene.html (150 words)

	Fluorene Degradation Pathway Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fluorene is one of the compounds on the EPA Priority Pollutants List.
		This naphthenoaromatic compound bears structural relationships to other chemicals of concern (carbazoles, dibenzothiophenes, dibenzofurans, and dibenzodioxins) and is thus a useful model for biodegradation studies.
		In this pathway, fluorene is converted to phthalic acid and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate by way of 9-fluorenone and a biphenyl intermediate.
	umbbd.msi.umn.edu /flu/flu_map.html (394 words)

	Epoxide resin compositions and method
		In this manner, the difunctional fluorene component may be used to increase epoxy resin chain length, without introduction of increased cross-linking.
		Generally, both the substituted fluorene and the epoxy resin are di-functional with respect to this reaction, thus the ratio of reactive epoxy resin molecules to reactive fluorene compound should be between about 1:0.05 and 1:0.9, and typically about 1:0.09-1:0.7.
		Mixtures of hydroxyphenyl fluorenes may be utilized as the chain extension agent, in compositions according to the present invention.
	www.nmbest.biz /scitechcatalog/oxygen_impermeable_leak_free_container/epoxide_resin_compositions.html (6027 words)

	Epoxy adhesive film for electronic applications - Patent 4769399
		The adhesive composition of claim 7 wherein said fluorene curative is present in the range of from about 5 to 50 percent by weight.
		The adhesive composition of the present invention may be produced by combining an effective amount of the phenoxy resin, the fluorene curative, Y.sub.E and/or Z to provide an adhesive having the characteristics suited for a particular application.
		The fluorene curative, may be any suitable compound represented by the above Formula IV which imparts the desired resultant characteristics to the adhesive film.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4769399.html (2573 words)

	Selective enumeration of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria by a most probable number procedure
		Fluorene, in particular, is converted to a bright yellow product by many PAH degrading cultures (Grifoll et al.
		Fluorene inhibited growth of this oil degrading enrichment culture at all concentrations that were tested and the extent of inhibition increased with increasing fluorene concentration (Fig.
		Boldrin, B., Tichm, A., and Eritzsche, C. Degradation of phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene by a Mycobacterium sp.
	www.bioremediationgroup.org /BioReferences/Tier1Papers/selective.htm (5227 words)

	Abstracts of Selected Recent Publications:
		The angle between the least-squares planes of the two fluorene rings of (3) is 58.45 (9) and 60.95 (10)¡, respectively, for the two conformations, and their corresponding bonding parameters also differ slightly in a number of instances.
		This bowing apparently arises from two molecules impinging on the convex face of the bowed ring, augmented by hydrogen bonding between the peripheral ¹ electrons of the concave face and the hydroxyl H atom of another molecule adjacent to that face.
		Fluorene (1) exists exclusively in the ap configuration in solution (NMR) as well as in the crystalline state, reflecting the unfavorable interaction between the tert-butyl and fluorene-ring p electrons in the sp configuration.
	www.science.siu.edu /chemistry/meyers-institute/Abstracts.html (1910 words)

	Photoisomerization of (E and Z) 2-t-butyl-9-(2,2,2-Triphenyl)ethylidenefluorene
		With the synthesis of the unsubstituted model compound done, the next step was to place a substituent in the fluorene ring to break up the symmetry and to be useful for studying the photophysics of the compound.
		One phenyl group is on one side of the ring and another phenyl group is on the other side with the third phenyl ring away from the fluorene.
		The closeness also caused the resonances of the adjacent protons on the fluorene ring to occur at a high field in the proton NMR spectrum.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT9/Abstracts/Phillips (479 words)

	What you need to know about PAH Fluorene
		Fluorene is a low molecular weight PAH and an EPA Priority Pollutant.
		Fluorene is a common PAH component of used motor oil.
		In one case, Fluorene was found in groundwater at a coal and oil plant some 30 years after the plant shut down.
	www.weitzlux.com /pahlawsuit/fluorene_403051.html (410 words)

	Amazon.com: Fluorene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The effect of humic acids on the water solubility and water - Organic carbon partitioning of fluorene and its NSO-heteroanalogues: Carbazole, dibenzofuran,...
		Thiophene analogues of fluorene (Arkiv för kemi) by Salo Gronowitz (Unknown Binding - 1967)
		Evidence for a novel pathway in the degradation of fluorene by Pseudomonas sp.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Fluorene&index=blended&page=1 (814 words)

	Fluorene derivatives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The invention relates to fluorene derivatives of the formula ##SPC1## And their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
		In particular, the invention relates to certain novel fluorene derivatives, to methods of preparing the novel derivatives and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
		The novel fluorene derivatives of the present invention are compounds of general formula (I) ##SPC2## and their pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts.
	www.sacnewsmonthly.com /invent/organo-chalcogen_compositions/fluorene_derivatives.html (2032 words)

	Fluorene Degradation Pathway Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fluorene is one of the compounds on the EPA Priority Pollutants List.
		This naphthenoaromatic compound bears structural relationships to other chemicals of concern (carbazoles, dibenzothiophenes, dibenzofurans, and dibenzodioxins) and is thus a useful model for biodegradation studies.
		In this pathway, fluorene is converted to phthalic acid and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate by way of 9-fluorenone and a biphenyl intermediate.
	umbbd.ahc.umn.edu /flu/flu_map.html (394 words)

	High refractive index monomers for optical applications patent invention
		An optical coating comprising: a monomer containing a substituted fluorene structure wherein said fluorene structure is a bromo-substituted fluorene; and surface modified inorganic nanoparticles dispersed within said fluorene, wherein said optical coating has a refractive index of at least 1.58.
		The coating of claim 2 wherein said bromo substituted fluorene monomer is selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid 3-[9-(3-acryloyloxy-propyl)-2,3,7-tribromo-9H-fluoren-9-yl]-propyl ester, acrylic acid 3-{9-[3-acyloyloxy-propoxy)-propyl]-2,3,7-tribromo-9H-fluoren-9-yl}-propy- l ester, 3-[9-(3-acryloyloxy-propyl)-2,7-dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-yl]-propyl ester, and 2-[9-(2-acryloyloxy-ethyl)-2,7-dibromo-9H-fluoren-9-yl]-ethyl ester.
		The coating of claim 10 wherein said fluorene structure is bromine substituted at one or more of the 2, 3, and 7 positions.
	www.freshpatents.com /High-refractive-index-monomers-for-optical-applications-dt20060706ptan20060147703.php?type=claims (714 words)

	EWG Investigation \| U.S. Tap Water Quality Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fluorene remains unregulated in tap water, without a maximum legal limit.
		Because Fluorene is unregulated in tap water, no violations are recorded in EPA's violations database, the Safe Drinking Water Information System.
		Under the federal tap water law, water suppliers are not required to routinely test for Fluorene, and any level is legal in tap water.
	www.ewg.org:16080 /tapwater/contaminants/contaminant.php?contamcode=2264 (398 words)

	FLUORENE (O-BIPHENYLENEMETHANE)
		The lower molecular weight PAHs of 2 or 3 ring groups such as naphthalenes, fluorenes, phenanthrenes, and anthracenes have toxicity which tends to decrease with increasing molecular weight.
		Fluorene is a member of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH).
		Fluorene family compounds are base materials for dyes and optical brightening agents.
	www.chemicalland21.com /specialtychem/finechem/FLUORENE.htm (630 words)

	Spectrum Laboratories : Chemical Fact Sheet - Cas # 86737
		Savannah, GA, fluorene was observed to have half-lives (as determined by 14-CO2 evolution)
		Switzerland had an avg fluorene concn of 0.26 ng/ml and a range of 0.04-0.38 ng/ml.
		Fluorene levels of 4-3500 ug/kg were detected in municipal
	www.speclab.com /compound/c86737.htm (1288 words)

	Oxidation of Fluorene and Column Chromatography
		Using the procedure below, only part of the fluorene is oxidized and fluorenone is not formed quantitatively.
		Column chromatography is used to separate the product, fluorenone, from the remaining fluorene.
		Note that dichromate is a versatile oxidizer but it is also poisonous and all chromium compounds need to be disposed of separately.
	wwwchem.csustan.edu /chem3022/Fluorenone.htm (1313 words)

	Chem2OA3 - 2002 - Experiment 1: Introduction
		The objective of this experiment is to identify an unknown drug tablet by a TLC comparison with standard compounds.
		You will not perform the oxidation that gives fluorenone, but you will be separating a mixture of fluorene and flurenone (which would result from the oxidation reaction).
		Draw out the structures of fluorene and fluorenone (trouble finding their structure, try http://webbook.nist.gov).
	www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca /courses/2oa3/labmanual_2002-03/2oa3_exp1.html (2634 words)

	Modeling of inner filter effect in synchronous spectrofluorimetry by using partial least squares
		The inner-effect filter for fluorene is easily detectable in spectrofluorimetric measurements in mixtures where there are compounds, such as benzo(k)fluoranthene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and pyrene.
		The application of methods, such as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to the quantification of fluorene in mixtures containing compounds capable to quench its signal, provides high errors in the analytical results.
		The precise and accurate quantification of fluorene in presence of benzo(k)fluoranthene, indene(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and pyrene, was achieved by constant-wavelength synchronous fluorimetry in combination with Partial Least Squares (PLS) calibration.
	www.edpsciences.org /articles/analusis/abs/2000/02/ana5/ana5.html (224 words)

	Oxidation of Fluorene and Column Chromatography
		Background: Like thin layer chromatography, silica gel is used as a stationary phase and an organic solvent, less polar than the silica gel, is used as the mobile phase.
		Place and develop three spots on a silica gel TLC plate: pure fluorene, pure fluorenone, (from the reagent shelf) and the mixture you are to separate.
		Using the masses of the fractions from the column chromatography, give a more quantitative figure for the percents of fluorene and fluorenone.
	science.csustan.edu /stone/3022/ColumnChromatography.htm (1229 words)

	Polymer Synthesis \|\| Eric Tillman \|\| Bucknell University
		By employing 9-bromoanthracene (a) and its derivatives as ATRP initiators, we have successfully produced polymers of a low polydispersity index (PDI) and possessing near quantitative flourene labeling (c).
		Current projects include employing derivatives of 9-bromofluorene, such as 2,7,9-tribromofluorene, as ATRP initiators to allow for aryl halide coupling of the fluorene component, leading to polymer-grafted poly(fluorene).
		Research is underway to prevent radical-radical coupling of the initiating fluorenyl radical (b), by replacing the 9-H with a bulky alkyl group.
	www.bucknell.edu /x17926.xml (504 words)

	fluorene - OneLook Dictionary Search
		fluorene : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [home, info]
		Fluorene : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		fluorene : Webster's Revised Unabridged, 1913 Edition [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?loc=rescb&w=fluorene (145 words)

	Fluorene
		This is the definition of the term Fluorene
		Fluorene (n.) A colorless, crystalline hydrocarbon, C13H10 having a beautiful violet fluorescence; whence its name.
		It occurs in the higher boiling products of coal tar, and is obtained artificially.
	linkspider.serversystems.net /dictionary/lookup/fluorene (88 words)

	EWG Investigation \| U.S. Tap Water Quality Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An Environmental Working Group analysis shows that 0 people from 0 California communities drank tap water containing Fluorene between 1998 and 2003.
		For fifty pollutants the legal limit is higher than health-based levels [see more].
		Notice: No health based standards for Fluorene were exceeded in California.
	www.ewg.org:16080 /tapwater/statereports/state_contaminant.php?state=CA&contam=2264 (240 words)

	EWG Investigation \| U.S. Tap Water Quality Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fluorene is a pollutant from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels (including oil, gasoline, coal and wood) and refuse; intermediate in production of dyes and other chemicals.
		An Environmental Working Group analysis shows that 0 people from 0 Minnesota communities drank tap water containing Fluorene between 1998 and 2003.
		Notice: No health based standards for Fluorene were exceeded in Minnesota.
	www.ewg.org:16080 /tapwater/statereports/state_contaminant.php?state=MN&contam=2264 (240 words)

	Fluorene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It has the form of odorless white crystals with melting point 116 Â°C and boiling point 295 Â°C. It is combustible.
		Fluorene should not be confused with fluorone, which is a different chemical.
		In many cases you are not aware of files & info that is installed without your consent.
	www.guideofpills.com /w/index.php?title=Fluorene&action=edit (408 words)

	Probing Charge Transport in -Stacked Fluorene-Based Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		-stacked fluorene chain in poly(dibenzofulvene) are studied by a joint experimental and theoretical approach involving high-resolution gas-phase photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum-mechanical methods.
		We specifically investigate the electronic couplings between fluorene moieties as well as the intramolecular reorganization energies, for both holes and electrons.
		The values for electronic couplings and reorganization energies estimated here are compared with those derived recently for pentacene.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jpcbfk/2006/110/i19/abs/jp060855j.html (139 words)

	EWG Investigation \| U.S. Tap Water Quality Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Potential health impacts associated with Fluorene include gastrointestinal or liver toxicity.
		An Environmental Working Group analysis shows that 0 people from 0 Rhode Island communities drank tap water containing Fluorene between 2001 and 2003.
		Notice: No health based standards for Fluorene were exceeded in Rhode Island.
	www.ewg.org:16080 /tapwater/statereports/state_contaminant.php?state=RI&contam=2264 (244 words)

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