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	Fluoride Therapy: Encyclopedia of Nursing & Allied Health
		Fluoride therapy may be initiated systemically before a child's teeth emerge during tooth development in order to strengthen tooth enamel (the hard outer surface of a tooth) and prevent dental caries.
		Fluoride therapy is contraindicated for children who are drinking fluoridated water and/or who are also receiving the optimal fluoride dosage (about 1.0 ppm) from foods and bottled beverages.
		Fluoride varnishes that are being used in Europe have been found to be easier to apply and more durable for the patient; however, varnishes have not been approved for use as a fluoride treatment in the United States.
	www.enotes.com /nursing-encyclopedia/fluoride-therapy (1567 words)

	Fluoride therapy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fluoride therapy is the delivery of fluoride to the teeth topically or systemically, which is designed to prevent tooth decay (dental caries) which results in cavities.
		Fluoride therapy is commonly practiced and generally agreed upon as being useful in the modern dental field.
		Fluoridation is the adjustment of fluoride in a water supply to an optimal concentration of between 0.7 to 1.2 ppm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fluoride_therapy (1007 words)

	Fluoride's Differential Effect on Bone Density
		While fluoride tends to increase the density of trabecular bone (aka cancellous bone), it tends to decrease the density of cortical bone.
		Fluoride's differential effect on bone density has been observed in human clinical trials, studies on individuals with skeletal fluorosis, and studies comparing bone density in high-fluoride versus low-fluoride areas.
		"The dramatic increase in the predominantly trabecular bone of the axial skeleton during fluoride therapy is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the predominantly cortical bone of the appendicular skeleton...
	fluoridealert.org /health/bone/density/cortical-trabecular.html (2112 words)

	Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University
		Fluoride is considered a trace element because only small amounts are present in the body (about 2.6 grams in adults), and because the daily requirement for maintaining dental health is only a few milligrams a day.
		Although fluoride in pharmacologic doses has been shown to be a potent therapeutic agent for increasing spinal bone mass (see Disease treatment), there is little evidence that water fluoridation at optimum levels for the prevention of dental caries is helpful in the prevention of osteoporosis.
		Fluoride supplements are available only by prescription, and are intended for children living in areas with low water fluoride concentrations for the purpose of bringing their intake to approximately 1 mg/day (5).
	lpi.oregonstate.edu /infocenter/minerals/fluoride (2908 words)

	Antiresorptive therapy, anabolic therapy, and exercise effects on bone mass, structure, and strength assessed in a rat ...
		However, structural abnormalities or mineralization defects in the bone formed during fluoride administration have been demonstrated in several studies, thus indicating that the increase in bone mass is not necessarily paralleled by an improved bone quality.
		The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect on bone biomechanical competence of current therapies (fluoride and estrogen) or potential therapies (PTH, bisphosphonates, PTH co-therapy with an antiresorptive agent, and exercise) in treatment or prophylaxis of osteoporosis, assessed in either rat femoral neck and rat femoral body, or both.
		Therefore this study provides further evidence for a possible detrimental effect of fluoride on bone quality, and as such agrees with previous investigations recommending discontinuance of the general use of fluoride in treatment of osteoporosis until further clinical trials, using fracture rate as an end-point, have been performed.
	www.fluoride-journal.com /97-30-2/302-119.htm (1189 words)

	What are the long-term effects of ingesting fluoride on our bones?
		The effect of drinking water fluoridation on the fluoride content of human bone, on cancellous bone strength and on the mineral density of bone was studied by analysing 158 autopsy samples of the anterior iliac crest from persons from two different areas.
		Fluoride increases the stability of the apatite lattice and decreases the solubility of the apatite crystals.
		In calves born to the fluoride intoxicated cows, congenital fluorosis was manifested by brown discoloration of enamel, enamel hypoplasia, brown mottling of bone, severe retardation of cartilage cell differentiation, atrophy of osteoblasts, osteopenia, atrophy of bone marrow cells, serious atrophy of bone marrow fat and severely stunted growth.
	www.fluoridation.com /bones.htm (15491 words)

	Tooth - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In moderation, fluoride is known to protect the teeth against cavities.
		The addition of fluoride (sodium monofluorophosphate) to toothpaste is now very common, and may explain the decline in dental caries in the Western world in the past 30 years.
		Fluoride can be used to remineralize decalcified enamel, but new tooth structure cannot be regrown.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tooth (2248 words)

	Fluoride & Stress Fractures
		However, despite 40 years of experimentation, fluoride remains an unapproved drug for this purpose (due to adverse side effects) and thus remains confined to experimental clinical trials.
		Bone fragility of the peripheral skeleton during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis.
		"Bone fragility during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis was observed in 24 (37.5%) of 64 patients treated with sodium fluoride, calcium, and vitamin D for 2.5 years who developed episodes of lower-limb pain during treatment.
	www.fluoridealert.org /health/bone/fracture/stress-fractures.html (1407 words)

	UM Library: NIH: Caries CDC: Abstracts: Tinanoff (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Fluoride varnishes have been shown to be efficacious and have gained popularity recently because they are easy to use and less fluoride is delivered to the mouth (this conference).
		Fluoride mouth rinses or brush-on fluoride gels have been advised for patients at high risk, but no studies were found that analyzed whether home fluoride protocols reduce caries in primary teeth.
		Restorative therapy should always be used in conjunction with preventive therapy and should also be based on an understanding of a child¹s risk factors and age.
	www.lib.umich.edu /dentlib/nihcdc/abstracts/tinanoff.html (2063 words)

	GCR (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The incidence of gastrointestinal effects is lowered with use of the enteric or slow-release preparations of fluoride, or by administration of fluoride with food.
		If fluoride therapy is to be considered, several administration guidelines, as outlined in the above slide, should be followed in order to avoid adverse effects and obtain the maximal benefit from fluoride therapy.
		Cyclical administration of fluoride appears to reduce the negative effect on osteoblasts, as well as reducing the negative effect of fluoride therapy on cortical bone mass.
	www.gcrweb.com /Mod_5/html/text47.html (239 words)

	Fluoride and Bone Abstracts
		Fluoride salts are no better at preventing new vertebral fractures than calcium-vitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis: the FAVOStudy.
		Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly population.
		Use of toenail fluoride levels as an indicator for the risk of hip and forearm fractures in women.
	www.orgsites.com /ny/nyscof2/_pgg2.php3 (1680 words)

	FLUORIDE & BONE: An Annotated Bibliography
		To understand how fluoride alters bone mass it is important to understand the differences in how fluoride affects the two types of bone of the human skeleton: trabecular bone and cortical bone.
		Fluoride's osteosclerotic properties are what prompted the medical community to begin using fluoride as a treatment for osteoporosis (see Section 2).
		To help clarify the relevance of skeletal fluorosis studies to fluoride therapy, it is instructive to note the comment made by Riggs (1983) in his comprehensive review of fluoride as a treatment for osteoporosis.
	www.slweb.org /fluoride-bone.html (11160 words)

	UM Library: NIH: Caries CDC: Abstracts: Newbrun (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The efficacy of topical fluoride in caries prevention depends on (a) the concentration of fluoride used, (b) the frequency and the duration of application, and, to a certain extent, (c) the specific fluoride compound used.
		For office fluoride therapy at the initial visit, a high-concentration agent, either an APF gel with 1.23 percent F (12,300 ppm of fluoride) for 4 minutes in a tray or a 5 percent NaF varnish (22,600 ppm of fluoride) should be applied directly to the teeth four times a year.
		Furthermore, when using a fluoride dentifrice, children in that age group should apply only a pea-size portion on the brush, should be instructed not to eat or swallow the paste, and should expectorate thoroughly after brushing.
	www.lib.umich.edu /dentlib/nihcdc/abstracts/newbrun.html (636 words)

	Fluoride in Drinking Water.
		Evidence is accumulating in science to indicate that fluoride softens bones and teeth.
		Gary Null, Ph.D. At one time, fluoride therapy was recommended for building denser bones and preventing fractures associated with osteoporosis.
		Fluoridation is so nihilistic that it is more of a belief system than a product of science or technology, but health treatments and hazards are supposed to be based upon science, and there has been a peripheral use of science to justify the pretense of a health value.
	nov55.com /fld.html (400 words)

	Role of Fluoride
		One of the big defenses against this process is fluoride which builds up the resistance of teeth to these acids and to the attachment of bacteria.
		Fluorides are, of course, beneficial for children, but many adults also suffer from problems for which fluoride may also be the answer.
		If they believe fluoride will benefit you, they have a wide variety of fluoride treatment options to help you; some performed by your dental team at their office and others are done by you at home.
	www.drsimonrosenberg.com /role_of_fluoride.html (894 words)

	RT Answers - Answers to Your Radiation Therapy Questions
		Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are the mainstays of treating head and neck cancers.
		Side effects of radiation therapy are limited to the area that is receiving treatment.
		Radiation therapy to the head and neck area may increase your chances of mouth infections and tooth decay.
	www.rtanswers.org /treatment/disease/head_neck.htm (890 words)

	Thyroid History
		When sodium fluoride was administered, the same histological changes in the thyroid were seen as are produced in endemic goitre.
		He deliberates that, because fluoride was the reason behind iodine deficiency/goitre areas, it would therefore also reduce the high iodine levels in Basedow patients and begins to use fluorides to effectively cure Basedow's disease - hyperthyroidism caused by excessive iodine consumption.
		and others in a study on workers exposed to fluorides write that “changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis are caused by disorders of the regulatory chain and fluorine impact on thyroid hormones' metabolism at the level of target cells”.
	bruha.com /pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html (6848 words)

	Holistic Junction: Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Tea is naturally high in fluoride and few doctors are trained to diagnose fluoride's adverse effects (2).
		Fluoride cripples and maims too many people in the world who live on naturally high fluoridated water supplies such as in Nalgonda, India (11).
		In the early clinical stage of skeletal fluorosis, symptoms include pains in the bones and joints; sensations of burning, pricking, and tingling in the limbs; muscle weakness; chronic fatigue; and gastrointestinal disorders and reduced appetite.
	www.holisticjunction.com /displayarticle.cfm?ID=3393 (699 words)

	Thyroid History
		When sodium fluoride was administered, the same histological changes in the thyroid were seen as are produced in endemic goitre.
		He deliberates that, because fluoride was the reason behind iodine deficiency/goitre areas, it would therefore also reduce the high iodine levels in Basedow patients and begins to use fluorides to effectively cure Basedow's disease - hyperthyroidism caused by excessive iodine consumption.
		and others in a study on workers exposed to fluorides write that “changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis are caused by disorders of the regulatory chain and fluorine impact on thyroid hormones' metabolism at the level of target cells”.
	www.bruha.com /pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html (6848 words)

	Mothering Magazine News Bulletins November 2006
		The ADA issued this advice because babies exposed to fluoridated water are at high risk for developing dental fluorosis—a defect of the teeth which can result in staining and even corrosion of the enamel.
		The Lancet review described fluoride, along with the rocket fuel additive perchlorate, as an "emerging neurotoxic substance" due to evidence linking fluoride to lower IQs in children, and brain damage in animals.
		Fluoride is linked with other health problems as well, including weakened bones, reduced thyroid activity, and possibly, bone cancer in boys, according to a recent report from a team of Harvard scientists, the US National Research Council and other recent studies.
	www.mothering.com /sections/news_bulletins/november2006.html (2538 words)

	The Effect of Sodium Monofluorophosphate plus Calcium on Vertebral Fracture Rate in Postmenopausal Women with Moderate ...
		(10 mg of equivalent fluoride [fluoride ion]) and 1250 mg of
		Fluoride therapy for the vertebral crush fracture syndrome.
		Fluoride salts are no better prevention at preventing new vertebral fractures than calcium-vitamin D in postmenopausal osteoporosis: the FAVOS study.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/129/1/1 (4345 words)

	May 1950
		“It must be stressed again and again that fluoride therapy requires great patience and that this patience will be rewarded in all cases...
		He found that fluoride levels decreased the iodine levels in blood.
		The higher the iodine levels, the more fluoride had to be used.
	www.bruha.com /pfpc/html/may_1950.html (184 words)

	Osteoporosis and the Primary Care Physician: Time To Bone Up -- Kleerekoper 123 (6): 466 -- Annals of Internal Medicine
		Effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.
		Fluoride reduces the rate of dissolution of bone.
		Pouilles JM, Tremollieres F, Causse E, Louvet P, Ribot C. Fluoride therapy in postmenopausal osteopenic women: effect on vertebral and femoral bone density and prediction of bone response.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/123/6/466 (1471 words)

	BioWaves Sound Therapy
		BioWaves Sound Therapy is a new alternative therapy which is researching the effects of low frequency sound and vibration on human health and wellness.
		Sound Therapy is a new exciting field with the potential to completely shift our heath care paradigms.
		Sound Therapy is actually about as old as made made vocal noises.
	www.biowaves.com (1582 words)

	Sodium fluoride therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis [published erratum appears in Endocr Rev 1993 Aug;14(4):479] -- ...
		Sodium fluoride therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis [published erratum appears in Endocr Rev 1993 Aug;14(4):479] -- Kleerekoper and Mendlovic 14 (3): 312 -- Endocrine Reviews
		Sodium fluoride therapy of postmenopausal osteoporosis [published erratum appears in Endocr Rev 1993 Aug;14(4):479]
		patients who are already fractured at the initiation of therapy.
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/3/312 (432 words)

	Fluoride Therapy Information on Healthline
		Fluoride therapy is the use of fluoride products topically (applied to the tooth surface) or systemically
		These supplements are available only by prescription from a pediatrician or a oral care professional.
		The patient should sink his or her teeth into the tray and let the teeth bathe in the fluoride for a specific amount of
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/fluoride-therapy (1051 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Tooth
		Some foods or sweets may stick to the teeth and so reduce the pH in the mouth for an extended time, particularly if they are sugary.
		It is important that teeth be cleaned at least twice a day, preferably with a toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste, to remove any food sticking to the teeth.
		Regular brushing and the use of dental floss also removes the dental plaque coating the tooth surface.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Tooth (2514 words)

	Monofluorophosphate Combined with Hormone Replacement Therapy Induces a Synergistic Effect on Bone Mass by Dissociating ...
		1989 Fluoride therapy for the vertebral crush fracture.
		1984 Fluoride in osteoporotic vertebral fractures - trabecular increase, vertebral fractures, femoral fractures.
		1996 Drug therapy for vertebral fractures in osteoporosis: evidence that decreases in bone turnover and increases in bone mass determine antifracture efficacy.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/84/9/3013 (4287 words)

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