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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Flushing Remonstrance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The predecessor to the US Constitution's Freedom of Religion in the Bill of Rights, the Flushing Remonstrance was signed on December 27, 1657 in what is now Flushing, New York by a group of citizens who were affronted by persecution of Quakers.
		Flushing is a section of the borough of Queens in New York City, New York.
		Nora was flushing with eagerness, but the priest saw how white the old captain's fingers were, where they clasped his walking-stick, how blurred and feeble his face had grown.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Flushing-Remonstrance (579 words)

	William Thorne and the Flushing Remonstrance
		From pertinent language in the Indian deed to Flushing (April 14, 1684) it is probable that the actual settlement took place in the fall of 1644 or in the spring of 1645; more likely the later in view of the rigors of the winter season.
		In July 1657, the year of the Remonstrance, there are indications that William Thorne was a proprietor of Jamaica, founded the preceding year, and that he may actually have resided there, as adduced from the marriage reference to a "Sussannah Thorne" in the early Jamaica Town Records (July 10, 1667).
		That part of the Flushing branch of the Thorne family remained strongly Anglican is further evidenced by the fact that the rector of St. George's Protestant Episcopal Church in Flushing during the years 1820 to 1826 was Rev. John G. Thorne.
	thorn.pair.com /thorn/thornlineage/wt_remon.htm (2889 words)

	Representative Crowley: New York: Flushing
		Flushing is a neighborhood in north central Queens (1991 pop.
		After the arrival of the English Quakers in 1657 Stuyvesant sought to renege on earlier promises of religious toleration, prompting freeholders in the area led by John Bowne to issue the Flushing Remonstrance, considered one of the earliest documents proclaiming religious freedom in America.
		Flushing became a commuter suburb after trolley lines were extended (1888-99) and the Long Island Rail Road was electrified.
	crowley.house.gov /newyork/flushing.htm (616 words)

	[No title]
		Local residents of Flushing often proudly claim Flushing is the birthplace of religious freedom, which is a little misleading-but it did play a very important but often overlooked part in colonial history.
		Flushing is an extreme case, but other cities, towns, and neighborhoods all across the country are becoming more diverse too, and each will have to learn to live with pluralism.
		The dazzling display of diversity in Flushing often attracts attention in the media, but it is the larger significance of the study that seems particularly relevant and important in an era characterized by increasing religious and ethnic pluralism.
	www.pluralism.org /affiliates/shanson/index.php (998 words)

	A Walk Through Queens . History \| Thirteen/WNET
		The Flushing Remonstrance written in 1657 is sometimes regarded as the first declaration of independence and as a forerunner to the First Amendment.
		The Quakers reacted by writing the "Flushing Remonstrance." The Remonstrance argues the cause of religious freedom and extends freedom of worship to Quakers, Jews, Turks, Egyptians, Presbyterians, and Baptists.
		The Flushing Remonstrance is sometimes regarded as the first declaration of independence and as a forerunner to the First Amendment.
	www.thirteen.org /queens/history.html (844 words)

	Welcome to Flushing Town Hall
		Flushing's first European settlers arrived in the 1620's, naming it after the seacoast village of Vlissingen (meaning "running water") in their native Holland.
		Throughout the 18th Century, the Flushing Friends Meeting House was at the forefront of the movement to secure freedom of conscience throughout the American colonies, and the Flushing Remonstrance was an important influence on the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
		In the 19th century, Flushing became a center of the abolitionist movement, and a major stop on the Underground Railroad for freed slaves.
	www.flushingtownhall.org /about/fl-history.php (247 words)

	First Baptist Church of Flushing - Who We Are
		The vision of First Baptist church of Flushing is to evangelize, disciple, grow and unleash the body of Christ in the context of a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual community.
		Flushing has a rich history of religious inclusion dating back to the 1647 Flushing Remonstrance.
		Flushing was also the site of early anti-slavery activity in the 18th century.
	www.fbcflushing.org /docs/who.html (1110 words)

	History of Flushing Meeting
		Flushing Meeting formally condemned slavery as incompatible with the principles of Christianity in 1767 and urged members not to purchase slaves in 1773.
		Flushing Quakers would not participate in the war effort and a number of them suffered the confiscation of property as punishment for refusing to supply the British with requisitions.
		The Flushing Female Association continued their charitable efforts "for the education and amelioration of the Negro" until 1989, when the Association was finally disbanded.
	www.nyym.org /flushing/history.html (2856 words)

	ADL Celebrates Flushing Remonstrance: Precursor to First Amendment by More than One Hundred Years - Press Release
		The Remonstrance was issued by the leading citizens of Flushing in response to a declaration by Peter Stuyvesant, which declared that Quakers would be denied aid and hospitality and prevented from entering New Amsterdam.
		The Remonstrance extended the "law of love, peace and liberty" to Jews, Turks, Egyptians, Protestants, Independents, Baptists and Quakers and created a precedent for religious tolerance that would be embraced by the founding fathers at the Constitutional convention.
		In addition to a dramatic re-creation of the disagreement between Peter Stuyvesant and the leaders of Flushing, Deputy Queens Borough President Peter Magnani officially reissued the Remonstrance and religious leaders, students and community members all symbolically signed the new version of the edict.
	www.adl.org /presrele/CvlRt_32/3852_32.asp (319 words)

	Flushing Remonstrance Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		A U.S. Postage Stamp commemorating religious freedom and the Flushing Remonstrance.
		This was done in demonstration to the policy of Governor Peter Stuyvesant, who banned all other religions outside of the Dutch Reformed Church from being practised in the colony.
		Peabody, Michael D. "The Flushing Remonstrance." Liberty Magazine, Nov/Dec 2006.
	www.bookrags.com /Flushing_Remonstrance (183 words)

	flushing
		The Flushing Town Hall, constructed in 1862 by a local carpenter, is an example of Romanesque Revival.
		It served as town hall before Flushing became a part of Queens and then a part of New York City, then became a municipal courthouse, and is currently the seat of the Flushing Council on Culture and the Arts.
		Quaker settlers sent a letter to Stuyvesant in that year that has come to be known as the Flushing Remonstrance, that reiterated the settlers' desire for religious freedom.
	www.forgotten-ny.com /forgotflush/flushing.html (1602 words)

	tour21
		Flushing has been inhabited since the 1640s, and despite the best efforts of developers to homogenize it, Flushing has a very rich historic legacy still extant regarding freedom of religion, opposition to slavery (some of Flushing's old houses were likely Underground Railroad stations) and inventive engineering.
		We had hoped to visit Waldheim, the flashpoint of Flushing's history vs. development dispute (and one where the developers seem to be winning) but humid conditions and time constraints forced a retreat.
		After NYC consolidation in 1898 Flushing Town Hall became a municipal courthouse, but it suffered from a gradual deterioration over the decades; there were fitful attempts to turn it into an anthropological museum in the 1970s.
	www.forgotten-ny.com /forgottentour21/tour21.html (1681 words)

	ChurchState.org : Our Heritage of Freedom: The Flushing Remonstrance
		Bowne's argument based on the Flushing Remonstrance succeeded and the colony's governor, William Stuyvesant, was ordered to stop harrassing religious minorities.
		Sentiment grew in Flushing to oppose this infringement upon the right to enjoy liberty of conscience as provided in the town charter.
		It was decided to send a remonstrance to the governor in protest of his action.
	www.churchstate.org /article.php?id=84 (291 words)

	Pressure Point Fall 2003: Flushed with Pride
		The Flushing Remonstrance was a public protest on the part of the residents of Flushing, N.Y., and was directed unabashedly at their governor, Peter Stuyvesant, in 1657.
		At a time when it sometimes seems America is losing her moorings in terms of both free speech and religious tolerance, perhaps we should reflect on those things like the Flushing Remonstrance that helped make America the great experiment in diversity and democracy that it was and is.
		Or as another diversity-minded denizen of the environs of Flushing once remonstrated: “Some boys take a beautiful girl and hide her away from the rest of the world / I wanna be the one to walk in the sun / And girls they wanna have fun / Oh, girls just wanna have fun”
	www.nyla.org /index.php?page_id=679 (752 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		Two immediately recanted, but the writer of the remonstrance, Edward Hart, and the sheriff of Flushing Tobias Feake, remained firm in their convictions.
		The town government of Flushing was removed and Dutch replacements were appointed by Stuyvesant.
		Descendants of the signers will be invited, and the original copy of the Remonstrance will be brought down from the State Archives in Albany for display.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Flushing_Remonstrance (323 words)

	Liberty Magazine
		Although the Flushing patent of 1645 had promised “the right to have and enjoy liberty of conscience, according to the custom and manner of Holland, without molestation or disturbance from any magistrates, or any other ecclesiastical minister,” Stuyvesant felt that this freedom had permitted the moral license of this “disobedient community.”
		On December 27, 1657, the citizens of Flushing responded to the banishment by drafting a remonstrance against the governor.
		When Stuyvesant received the Flushing Remonstrance, he retaliated by proclaiming March 13, 1658, a Day of Prayer for the purpose of repenting from the sin of religious tolerance.
	www.libertymagazine.org /article/view/532 (1251 words)

	Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Queens: Sermons: Something to Crow About
		They created a document, known as "the Flushing Remonstrance", and it was signed by the town clerk, sheriff, and several town magistrates in support of the right of Quakers and others to worship as they chose.
		The Remonstrance is nothing less than a demand for freedom of religion made by American colonists to their political superiors — a risky and courageous act.
		The Town Clerk and the Sheriff were jailed for this and the entire Flushing town government was removed and replaced with the governor's supporters.
	www.uucqueens.org /sermon_2005-02-06.html (2469 words)

	Cultural Affairs from the Queens Borough President's Office, New York City Local Government
		The Flushing Remonstrance was a forerunner to the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution that gives people the freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
		On December 27, 1657, it was signed by 29 Flushing residents who risked fines and banishment imposed by Governor Peter Stuyvesant in order to state their call for freedom.
		Highlighting the celebration will be the display of the actual Flushing Remonstrance document at the Flushing Library through December 2007 as well as a candlelight walk past historic Flushing sites on December 27, 2007 – the 350th anniversary of the date of the actual signing.
	www.queensbp.org /content_web/cultural_affairs/cultural_remonstrance07.shtml (738 words)

	Long Island Section - Vlissingen
		But Flushing's true contribution to history came over a confrontation in the late 1650s and early 1660s.
		The Dutch had allowed a group of English religious dissidents from New England to settle the town, and among its early residents was a population of Quakers.
		In reaction, members of the town drafted what would become one of the foundational documents in American history, the Flushing Remonstrance.
	www.nnp.org /vtour/regions/Long_Island/vlissingen.html (277 words)

	Religious Movements Page: Flushing Remonstrance (1657)
		This remarkable remonstrance recorded by the peoples of the Town of Flushing in the colony of New York bears testimony both to the presence of religious discrimination and the courage of a community to resist the edict of the governor.
		The document came to light during research conducted by Newsday for a serious of articles on the history of Long Island which were published between September, 1997, through June, 1998.
		The editors of Newsday have preserved both the series of historical articles along with hundreds of original source documents at a web site entitled Long Island - Our Story.
	religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu /sacred/flushing_remonstrance_1657.html (349 words)

	Flushing Remonstrance
		Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of the Town of
		You have been pleased to send unto us a certain prohibition or command that we should not receive or entertain any of those people called Quakers because they are supposed to be, by some, seducers of the people.
		Written this 27th of December in the year 1657, by mee.
	www.nyym.org /flushing/remons.html (201 words)

	New York State Historical Association
		Since its founding in 1899, the Research Library has developed noteworthy collections on Colonial American and New York State history and culture, 19th-century American art history, and Native American culture.
		This October, the New York State Historical Association, in cooperation with The Archives Partnership Trust, will present a special lecture and members-only reception celebrating the 350th anniversary of the Flushing Remonstrance at the New York State Cultural Education Center in Albany.
		New York State History Day is a program that engages students in a self-guided creative history project over the course of the school year, culminating in competition that proceeds to a national level.
	www.nysha.org (226 words)

	Gotham Center Forums
		In 1657, 350 years ago, the citizens of Flushing, Queens wrote to Peter Stuyvesant protesting a decree prohibiting Quakers from worshipping in the Dutch colony of New Netherland.
		Known as the Flushing Remonstrance, Stuyvesant was unmoved.
		Legal scholars believe that the Flushing Remonstrance influenced the principles codified in 1791 in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.
	www.gothamcenter.org /forums/current.shtml (1029 words)

	Text of the Flushing Remonstrance -- Newsday.com
		Remonstrance of the Inhabitants of the Town of Flushing
		You have been pleased to send up unto us a certain prohibition or command that we should not receive or entertain any of those people called Quakers because they are supposed to be by some, seducers of the people.
		Clicking through the section reveals just how much Long Island and Queens have changed over 100 years.
	www.newsday.com /community/guide/lihistory/ny-history-hs301a1v,0,7673847.story?coll=ny-lihistory-navigation (285 words)

	Eastman's Online Genealogy Newsletter: February 2007
		Freedom of Religion in America to be Celebrated: A Call for the Descendants of the Signers of the Flushing Remonstrance, Peter Stuyvesant, Too
		On December 27, 1657, thirty townspeople of Flushing, Queens signed a "remonstrance" addressed to Peter Stuyvesant, the director general of the Dutch colony, New Netherland.
		The two-page letter, set down by a local cleric, protested Stuyvesant's ban on the rights of Quakers to assemble and worship in the colony.
	blog.eogn.com /eastmans_online_genealogy/2007/02 (6148 words)

	Sarah Orne Jewett Text Project
		She had risen with proper courtesy, and was standing by the old man; now she ventured to take hold of his arm.
		He looked flushed and eager, and she forgot herself in the instinct to take care of him.
		Nora was flushing with eagerness, but the priest saw how white the old captain's fingers were, where they clasped his walking-stick, how blurred and feeble his face had grown.
	www.public.coe.edu /~theller/soj/now/maid.html (11052 words)

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