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Topic: Flywheel energy storage

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	Flywheel
		Flywheels are one of the oldest and most common mechanical devises in existence.
		Flywheels are one of the most promising technologies for replacing conventional lead acid batteries as energy storage systems for a variety of applications, including automobiles, economical rural electrification systems, and stand-alone, remote power units commonly used in the telecommunications industry.
		There are safety concerns associated with flywheels due to their high speed rotor and the possibility of it breaking loose and releasing all of it's energy in an uncontrolled manner.
	www.upei.ca /~physics/p261/projects/flywheel1/flywheel1.htm (717 words)

	Flywheel energy storage system with integral molecular pump - Patent 5462402
		The integral flywheel energy storage system as recited in claim 2, wherein said gas molecules are produced during aging of said flywheel and wherein said molecular sieves are characterized by an affinity for said gas molecules.
		The integral flywheel energy storage systems as recited in claim 3, wherein said gas molecules are absorbed by said molecular sieves so as to prevent said absorbed gas molecules from contributing to pressure in said second chamber.
		Another object of the present invention is to provide a pressure regulating system for a flywheel energy storage system disposed within a sealed housing wherein bearings supporting a shaft of a flywheel supports rotating elements of a pump moving gas molecules from a first chamber to a second chamber within the housing.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5462402.html (2865 words)

	Flywheel energy storage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Advanced flywheels are made of high strength carbon-composite filaments that spin at speeds from 20,000-100,000 RPM in a vacuum enclosure.
		Flywheels are not affected by temperature changes as are chemical batteries, nor do they suffer from memory effect.
		When used in vehicles, flywheels also act as gyroscopes, since their angular momentum is typically of a similar order of magnitude as the forces acting on the moving vehicle.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Flywheel_energy_storage (1625 words)

	Flywheel energy storage - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A typical system consists of a massive flywheel disc suspended by magnetic bearings inside a vacuum chamber to reduce friction, connected to a combination electric motor/electric generator.
		A flywheel is more effective when its inertia is larger, as when its mass is located farther from the center of rotation either due to a more massive rim or due to a larger diameter.
		Flywheels are not affected by temperature changes as chemical batteries are nor are they suffering from the memory effect.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /f/fl/flywheel_energy_storage.html (500 words)

	NASA - Exploration Systems - From Child's Toy to ISS: Flywheels Hold the Power
		Flywheel energy storage systems are under development to provide a more efficient and cost-effective alternative to electrochemical batteries in spacecraft, as well as in cars and other everyday applications.
		Flywheel batteries could save NASA tens of millions of dollars a year in equipment and energy costs, as they could be used in satellites as well as the space station, and they would yield significant benefits for terrestrial applications as well.
		While flywheel technology is now in use in several terrestrial applications — such as providing backup power for hospitals and serving as a power bridge (filling the gap between power outage and generator startup) in manufacturing plants — it is still a young technology.
	exploration.nasa.gov /articles/flywheel_lite.html (1999 words)

	Flywheel energy storage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Since the 1950s flywheel powered buses were used in Yverdon, Switzerland, and there is ongoing research to make flywheel systems smaller, lighter, cheaper, and have a greater capacity.
		Flywheel power storage systems in current production (2001) have storage capacities comparable to batteries and faster discharge rates.
		One of the primary limits to flywheel design is the tensile strength of the material used for the disc.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/f/fl/flywheel_energy_storage.html (536 words)

	Energy Storage
		Energy storage systems are enabling technologies; their goal is to enhance and extend the operating capabilities of other assets on the grid.
		Generally, renewable energy sources are intermittent or vary in intensity throughout the day, with much of the potential for generated power not coincident with the peak demand.
		Two issues make or break most projects: first, 'properly sizing and dispatching the energy storage to achieve an economically optimal system (lowest lifecycle cost of energy)'; and secondly, 'designing the power converter interface between the AC power bus and the energy storage to be efficient, reliable and robust'.
	www.3nw.com /energy/resources/estorage.htm (2899 words)

	Composite Flywheel Energy Storage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Current research in flywheel energy storage in the Composites Manufacturing Technology Center at Penn State University is aimed at developing a cost effective manufacturing and fabrication process for advanced composite rotors.
		Flywheels offer the potential of higher energy and power density in comparison with conventional energy storage devices such as chemical batteries.
		The rotor on this flywheel battery consists of concentric rings of glass and carbon reinforced epoxy that are either press fit at the interfaces or separated with compliant polyurethane interlayers for radial stress relief during operation.
	www.esm.psu.edu /labs_facilities/cmtc/flywheel.html (1928 words)

	Why Energy Storage
		Without storage, the industry must operate within a "justin-time" framework that is dependent not only on variable end-use demands, but is also completely at the mercy of one of the most uncontrollable variables known: weather.
		With storage, the owners only must build out what is necessary to carry a heavy, but normal load—resulting in a much higher utilization of the existing equipment, and hence a higher return on their investments (ROI).
		By utilizing energy storage technologies, each of these challenges facing the industry can be greatly diminished thereby leading to a more efficient market that costs less to operate, that is more responsive to market changes, and that is more reliable in the event of a disruption.
	www.americanenergyindependence.com /energystorage.html (1389 words)

	Flywheels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A flywheel is a device that is used to store energy in a rotating mass.
		Flywheels are relatively simple systems that have been in use for years.
		Friction and drag are reduced in a flywheel by the use of magnetic bearings and a vacuum system.
	www.uaf.edu /energyin/webpage/pages/energy_storage/flywheels.htm (201 words)

	Flywheels
		One of the possible applications is in flywheel energy storage systems, which are considered to be an attractive alternative to electrochemical batteries due to higher stored energy density, higher life term, deterministic state of charge and ecologically clean nature.
		One such application is in flywheel energy storage systems, which allow storage of energy in the form of kinetic energy of a rotating body(rotor) and which are considered to be an attractive alternative to conventional electro-chemical batteries.
		The energy storage flywheel consist of high strength and lightweight composite material, a high efficiency motor/generator, and a low loss magnetic bearing utilizing advanced control theories implemented with real-time control and state-of-the-art electronic technology.
	www.virginia.edu /romac/flywheels.htm (986 words)

	N04-T013 - Advanced Flywheel Energy Storage for Pulsed Power Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Existing battery based energy storage systems are not suited for short duration, high cycle life, deep discharge, and small required size applications.
		Flywheels can cost effectively fill the short duration, high cycle life applications that batteries and UC's cannot, specifically as products that are cost competitive with existing battery based systems for specific applications where flywheels out perform and offer benefits.
		Adequate energy is present in conventional flywheel storage systems to provide more power for a shorter duration.
	www.navysbir.com /04/60.htm (299 words)

	Flywheel Basics
		A flywheel cross-section is shown at right (with inner and outer diameters ID and OD, height H) which spins about a vertical axis through its center.
		Precession torque (tending to tilt the flywheel spin axis), for a stationary flywheel battery application (subjected to earth rotation of one revolution per day), does not present serious problems, but is not negligible.
		But long-term flywheel power storage for on-site UPS and building-integrated solar or wind power has not been pursued, and is essentially not now available from the dozens of existing flywheel device developers.
	www.geocities.com /dfradella/basics.htm (1419 words)

	FAQ: Kinetic Energy Storage
		The energy density of a flywheel is probably the first criteria for the selection of a material.
		In general we think that flywheels are well suited for a power to energy ratio of 1 second to 10 minutes where batteries prefer 1 hour and more.
		A flywheel of the size we are using is not a toy to play with, like a car speeding with 200mph witch isn't meant for children anymore.
	www.aspes.ch /faq.html (1385 words)

	Flywheel energy storage system focus of display (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A flywheel is a rapidly-spinning cylinder or disc suspended in a vacuum-sealed container that stores electrical energy, much the way a spinning bicycle tire is propelled by and contains a certain amount of energy.
		A solar-powered flywheel uses photovoltaic panels to generate electricity to spin the flywheel.
		The flywheel is being supplied by U.S. Flywheel Systems, Newberry, Calif. Solar power applications of flywheel technology are part of the research being carried out under an agreement between DOE and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
	www.nrel.gov /news/press/1997/12flywh.html (264 words)

	Getting Flywheels Ready to Fly
		The flywheel is a kind of mechanical battery that converts energy to mechanical motion and, when needed, converts that motion back to energy.
		At full operating speed, the flywheel rotor's linear velocity is two and one half times the speed of sound (or 1875 mph), and if allowed to spin down without load would spin for more than 12 hours before coming to rest.
		The next step in the development of the energy storage system is to build and endurance test an engineering model.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/battery-00b.html (689 words)

	Beacon Power
		A flywheel energy storage system draws electrical energy from a primary source, such as the utility grid, and stores it in a high-density rotating flywheel.
		The Smart Energy Matrix™ is designed to deliver megawatts of power for minutes, providing highly robust and responsive frequency and voltage regulation capabilities for increased grid reliability.
		Flywheel-based energy storage systems, unlike lead-acid batteries, are sustainable “green” technology solutions that do not use hazardous materials for production, nor create them during operation.
	www.beaconpower.com /products/EnergyStorageSystems/flywheels.htm (338 words)

	ICE Lab Publications on Flywheel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Unfortunately, use of batteries present difficulties due to their poor energy density, limited cycle lifetimes, reliability problems, and the difficulty in measuring the state of charge.
		Flywheel energy storage offers a viable alternative to overcome some of the limitations presented by batteries.
		The OCR is intended to be a prototype energy storage device for low earth orbit satellite applications.
	www.enme.umd.edu /ice_lab/papers/pflywheel.html (312 words)

	Flywheels - Electricity Storage Association - power quality, power engineering, esco
		Most modern flywheel energy storage systems consist of a massive rotating cylinder (comprised of a rim attached to a shaft) that is substantially supported on a stator by magnetically levitated bearings that eliminate bearing wear and increase system life.
		The flywheel is connected to a motor/generator mounted onto the stator that, through some power electronics, interact with the utility grid.
		While high-power flywheels are developed and deployed for aerospace and UPS applications, there is an effort, pioneered by Beacon Power, to optimize low cost commercial flywheel designs for long duration operation (up to several hours).
	www.energystorage.org /tech/technologies_technologies_flywheels.htm (353 words)

	Mining Engineering - University of Missouri-Rolla (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Through third party testing, field trials and commercially deployed units, flywheel energy storage manufacturers have demonstrated that discrete flywheel energy storage modules are a viable energy storage option, which is technically suited for reliable and cost-effective use in various applications.
		Using today’s technology at a discrete energy storage level, the author presents a conceptual system design to achieve MW output levels - not only for seconds, but even tens of minutes.
		The purpose is to present the technical feasibility of combining the best features of high-speed flywheel energy storage with proven developments in high-power electronics for energy storage and delivery.
	campus.umr.edu /energyrd/infosem.htm (142 words)

	Dr Amit Rastogi - Superconducting Flywheel Energy Storage
		Flywheel systems are high speed rotational machines containing a rotor of mass M, radius R spinning at an angular speed w.
		Flywheels are extensively used in power quality applications, satellites and traction control.
		The regenerative breaking systems on the trains supply power to the flywheel during charging cycles and the stored energy can be used to smoothen the load when a number of trains start at the same time.
	www2.eng.cam.ac.uk /~tac1000/WebPage/Research_rastogi.html (624 words)

	Awesome Library - Technology
		Flywheels may be an alternative to batteries for storage.
		Provides results of a study that suggests that the use of a flywheel may be desirable to stablize bikes for children.
		Describes the CEMB flywheel energy storage system that is alleged to store four times the energy of a battery of similar weight.
	www.awesomelibrary.org /Classroom/Technology/Machines/Flywheels.html (668 words)

	Flywheel, Energy Storage, Battery-Free UPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Flywheel energy storage systems store kinetic energy in the rotor of a motor/generator by constantly spinning it.
		The KST flywheel offers the optimum battery-free protection against mains disturbances and power quality problems that affect processing plants and commercial facilities.
		The KST Voltage Conditioner offers the same protection as the flywheel against mains disturbances and power quality problems with a 85ms to 100ms ride through in case of power interruptions.
	www.keyitec.com /keyitecflywheel.html (396 words)

	Flywheel Energy Storage - House Solar Energy Efficiency
		A flywheel, a component of all automobiles, consists of a wheel whose heavy weight resists sudden changes of speed, thereby securing uniform motion in the working parts of a car engine.
		Although flywheel units need not be small and light to fit in a residential environment, a 50 kWh unit discharging at 10 kW, a rate exceeding the needs of a typical residence, would be about the size of a coffee pot.
		Claims are that flywheels are especially feasible for smaller, niche stationary applications within 10-250 kw, a range suitable for residential use.
	www.nemmar.com /real-estate-Flywheel-Energy-Storage.html (780 words)

	A space-based flywheel energy storage system - EnergyVortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The contract, valued at $750,000, is for the preliminary design of a space-based flywheel energy storage system for satellite applications, and is a Phase II award under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program of the U.S. Small Business Administration's Office of Technology.
		Flywheel energy storage systems have the potential to be used in a variety of space-based applications, including providing power to low-earth-orbit satellites during the 30 minutes these satellites orbit in darkness and their solar panels cannot provide power.
		Compared to electro-chemical (battery) alternatives, a flywheel-based system is expected to be more reliable, have a much longer life, be able to be charged and discharged constantly, and deliver higher performance even under extreme temperatures - all significant advantages for space applications.
	www.energyvortex.com /pages/headlinedetails.cfm?id=2086 (419 words)

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