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Topic: Focal plane shutter

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	Central shutter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In photography, a central shutter is a type of camera shutter, so called because it is situated between the lens and the focal plane.
		The most basic type of central shutter is the metal leaf shutter, but the diaphragm shutter is used on many professional systems where the central shutter is located within the lens body.
		Shutter speeds are limited to how fast the shutter can be made to move; normally 1/500th of a second for a diaphragm shutter and 1/125th of a second for a leaf shutter.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Central_shutter (366 words)

	Slit-Scan Photography with Large Format Cameras
		In fact, a focal plane shutter is just such a device and the distortion produced by these shutters is fairly well understood by photographers at large and the distortions thus produced are called focal-plane shutter distortion.
		A very famous photograph that depends on focal plane shutter distortion for its visual impact is one made by Henri Lartigue with a large camera equipped with a focal plane shutter.
		Another photographer who took advantage of the characteristics of focal plane shutter distortion but in a more controlled way was Robert Doisneau who photographed a couple spinning on a turntable as a slowed down focal plane shutter exposed the scene sequentially from one edge of the film to the other.
	www.rit.edu /~andpph/text-slit-scan.html (1805 words)

	Morris Web Page asseccories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shutter speeds of 4 to 10 seconds are ideal for this situation.
		Modern focal plane shutters have two blinds, one with an opening in it which, when the shutter is fired moves to a position allowing light to strike the film and another which, at the end of the exposure time, moves across the opening to stop the light striking the film.
		Focal plane shutters have many advantages but it is very important to recognise it's disadvantages and their effects on photography.
	www.camcorder-repair.co.uk /page21.html (601 words)

	UL Photographic Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When you press the shutter button to take a picture, the angled mirror flips upward to permit light to pass to the back of the camera, where the film is. Simultaneously, the shutter, a pair of curtains just in front of the film, opens to let the light hit the film.
		Most shutter release buttons are threaded to accept cable releases, an accessory that enables you to trigger the shutter without touching or jiggling the camera, often at a distance, refer to the section on Camera accessories.
		A rule of thumb for selecting the appropriate shutter speed to stop lens movement is to turn the lens focal length into a shutter speed, so a 300mm lens would require a shutter speed of 1/300th of a second or faster to avoid vibration.
	photosoc.csn.ul.ie /help.php?page=techniques (7605 words)

	[No title]
		FOCAL PLANE SHUTTERS Exposure As is generally known, a focal plane shutter consists of a variable aperture slit passing in front of a stationary film.
		The efficiency of focal plane shutters depends on the numerical aperture of the lens in use, the width of the slit and the distance from the slit to the film plane.
		The reason that this distortion associated with focal plane shutters is generally not a problem is that the curtains in modern shutters move across the focal plane at a rate at least an order of magnitude greater than the rate at which most images move.
	www.rit.edu /~andpph/text-strip-streak-1978.html (11310 words)

	Focal plane shutter and flash photography
		o use electronic flash with a focal-plane shutter, a shutter speed must be selected so the first curtain reaches the end of its travel and then a brief instant passes before the second curtain begins its journey across the frame.
		An illustration at the top is an example of 'out-of-sync' shutter speed in flash photography where portion of the image is not being exposed due to improper synchronization of flash.
		If the subject moves during the time the shutter is open, or the camera moves, the image due to ambient light will not be in register with the image due to flash.
	mir.com.my /rb/photography/fototech/focalplane (1443 words)

	aperture-shutter
		With the advent of automatic cameras the aperture is sometimes combined with the shutter and here the shutter does not open fully if a small aperture is selected but stops opening to create the chosen aperture.
		Following this was the Roller Shutter with a blind travelling across the front or behind the lens with a slit in it...
		This was developed into the Focal Plane shutter as we know it today where there are two blinds, cloth or metal, just in front of the film or sensor.
	www.geocities.com /nikon5700itee/aperture-shutter.html (1282 words)

	Pacemaker Graphic camera manual
		Shutter speeds are changed by (a) turning the winding key, (b) tripping or "running down" the shutter, (c) moving the speed control lever forward or backward.
		The shutter may be tripped without closing the synchronizer circuit by moving the selector slide up to TRIP and down again.
		The lamp will be fired as the shutter is tripped by the body release, but not by pressing a button on the battery case.
	www.butkus.org /chinon/pacemaker_graphic/pacermaker_graphic.htm (1989 words)

	Focal-Plane Shutter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When a slow shutter speed is set, the
		When a fast shutter speed is set, the second curtain
		is selected by moving a lever or shutter speed dial to that
	www.tpub.com /content/photography/14209/css/14209_89.htm (276 words)

	1970 - 1975 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Improvements include a shutter speed display in the viewfinder, a larger shutter button, a plastic-tipped film advance lever, and a slimmer combination self-timer and stop-down lever.
		It was the Copal Square, a vertical-travel, metal-curtain, focal-plane shutter.
		Hybrid shutter (using Copal Square) with mechanical shutter speeds from 1/2 to 1/1000 sec.
	canon.cavey.org /html/1970-1975.shtml (1552 words)

	Bronica Home Brew Lenses Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A leaf shutter camera (such as Bronica SQ and ETRS, Hasselblad 503c/m, and Rolleiflex 6008) requires a leaf shutter in the lenses, since these bodies lack a focal plane shutter in the body.
		Barrel lenses lack any leaf shutter or focusing mechanism (hence the need for a bellows for focusing), usually because they are taken from large format style cameras that have built-in bellows and a focal plane shutter.
		By contrast, most medium format focal plane shutters are limited to slow speeds (usually 1/30th second to 1/60th second and slower) for synchronizing with electronic strobes.
	medfmt.8k.com /bronhb.html (20796 words)

	Specific and strange mounts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This camera had unusual features such as shutter speed-priority AE, maximum-aperture TTL metering and AE, a bright aerial image viewfinder, and focal-plane shutter.
		The EX AUTO had maximum-aperture TTL metering and shutter speed-priority AE.The lens' maximum aperture f-number was corrected automatically when the lens was attached to the camera.
		Shutter speed, aperture setting, incorrect exposure warning, exposure level, film speed, AE lock, flash ready, and other indications.
	canon.cavey.org /html/specific_mounts.shtml (856 words)

	SHUTTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The shutter is used in conjunction with the diaphragm to control the exposure of the film.
		The most important function of the shutter is that it limits the time that light is allowed to pass through the lens and act on the film.
		The blades of this type of shutter are usually located between or near the lens elements and close to the diaphragm.
	www.tpub.com /photography1/ph20957.htm (414 words)

	Test Equipment / Combination Shutter Speed/Curtain Speed Tester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		So if the factory spec of the curtain speed is 10 ms the graph of the curtain speed should measure 5ms on the time axis for a horizontal shutter and 7.5ms for the vertical shutter.
		Use in the same manner as the previous shutter speed tester only with this tester light intensity and distance are not as important.
		It’ll still give shutter speeds but the curves generally won’t be as nice as with focal plane shutters.
	www.kyphoto.com /classics/combinationtester.html (695 words)

	Konica Hexar RF: The Final Frontier?
		At this point, the basic design constraints were still present: shutter fatigue, vibration, and slow synch speeds dictated by the fact that the shutter curtains have to travel across 36mm of film gate.
		The final development of the SE would be in to a shutter that was both electronically timed and driven by a stepper motor instead of a spring.
		The noise level from the shutter is low; the camera has some whine from the motor, but you can attenuate the effect by shooting in continuous mode (firing and winding are nearly simultaneous).
	www.dantestella.com /technical/hexarrf.html (4903 words)

	Speed/Crown/Super Graphic Features
		Super Speed Graphic models all lack the focal plane shutter (though the Super Speed Graphic does have a 1/1000s between-the-lens shutter.) In a genuine Speed Graphic the focal plane shutter is the only part that might be trouble, but it is reliable and there are shops dedicated to fixing them.
		The 2 3/8" minimum film-to-flange distance required by the focal plane shutter on a Speed Graphic precludes the use of 65mm and wider-angle lenses, whereas a Crown Graphic is able to use a 47mm WA lens.
		The focal plane shutters operate as a curtain with different sized openings, and can be set to two speeds with three different openings, producing speeds of 1/30, 1/60, 1/125, 1/250, 1/500, and 1/1000.
	www.graflex.org /speed-graphic/features.html (2320 words)

	Lubrication techniques for cameras (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In a blade-type shutter, the oil may settle on the shutter blades.
		However, shutter oil is the lubricant of choice for focal-plane shutters.
		And, if the shutter belongs to someone else, that person may object to having gray shutter blades.
	www.in-fotech.com /lubrication.htm (2525 words)

	Hasselblad 1600f Camera - a 6x6cm Focal Plane Shutter SLR
		The Hasselblad 1600f gets its name from its top shutter speed of 1/1,600th of a second, and the fact that this is achieved with a vertically traveling f ocal plane shutter (hence, 1600 f).
		Because the lens registration distances (i.e., lens mount to the film plane) are similar, some Hasselblad focal plane body (200/x series) owners have these lenses converted to mount on their Hasselblad cameras too.
		As with most focal plane 6x6cm SLRs, flash synchronization is provided at the body, but is a rather slow 1/25th second for X-synch.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/hassy1600f.html (2864 words)

	High Speed Shutter vs. Ordinary Flash Sync
		This is a feature which allows the flash to synchronize with the focal plane shutter at all speeds up to the top shutter speed available on the camera.
		Since the camera's shutter can't open fully in less time than its max normal sync speed, the film can't be exposed all at once at high shutter speeds.
		The maximum shutter speed is in the neighborhood of 1/4000 or 1/8000, but the fastest flash duration at ordinary sync is much faster.
	webs.lanset.com /rcochran/flash/hss.html (942 words)

	The Praktica L series
		The previous focal-plane shutter with rubberized cloth was mounted part by part in the camera body.
		The new metal-blade focal-plane shutter consists of complete assemblies that are fitted into the camera body.
		The new metal-blade focal-plane shutter has been incorporated in all SLR camera of the PRAKTICA L series i.e.
	www.marriottworld.com /praktica/new_1969.htm (365 words)

	PhotoNotes.org Dictionary - Focal plane shutter
		A camera shutter which lies inside the camera body, immediately in front of the film surface.
		Such shutters are rectangular and made of narrow blinds or curtains which move along, exposing the film surface to light.
		Most SLRs have focal plane shutters, which are of the behind-the-lens kind.
	photonotes.org /cgi-bin/entry.pl?id=Focalplaneshutter (209 words)

	The Graflex Speed Graphic FAQ
		The older Graflex SLR with its patented focal plane shutter and reflex focusing had been so successful as a press camera that the Graflex company set out to design a camera specifically for the emerging ``press'' photographer.
		The focal plane shutter was the same as used in the Graflex, the front in-lens shutter provided extra versatility.
		Because both shutters cannot be used at the same time, there is possibility of confusion.
	www.graflex.org /speed-graphic/FAQ.html (917 words)

	S.K. Grimes - Leica Rotating Drum Camera Shutter Tester
		good and simple way to check the operation of focal plane shutters has existed since the earliest versions of these shutters.
		Consider the operation of an ordinary 35mm focal plane shutter.
		By arranging an apparatus so that a brightly illuminated slot of fixed width and velocity is presented at right angles to the variable width and changeable velocity of the two camera shutter curtains the problem is solved.
	www.skgrimes.com /idcc (791 words)

	pinhole-discussion:: Re: focal plane shutter theory
		> plane shutter, for the purpose of building one for sheet film.
		(parallel to the shutter's slit), when the slit is moving accross the film it
		If the film is 4x5 (landscape), the FP shutter should take this long to move
	www.spitbite.org /pinhole-discussion/2002/0205/1517.html (304 words)

	New York Institute of Photography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A focal-plane shutter usually consists of two parts that operate like a pair of roller window curtains.
		There are two advantages to the focal plane shutter.
		Typically, the time between the opening of the first shutter and the opening of the second is somewhere (depending on the camera) between 1/60 and 1/250 of a second.
	www.nyip.com /tips/archives/focal_pl_shut.html (423 words)

	Hasselblad Focal Plane shutter cameras
		I've posted a page on my website that lists all the Hasselblad focal plane shutter cameras with a lot of technical information on each model.
		I guess since I started with the focal plane model I got used to it.
		I pressed the multiple exposure button and it released the shutter and moved the mirror back to its normal position.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0082uk (1641 words)

	Flash Out Of Sync (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Many 35mm cameras with focal plane shutters are synchronized at only one shutter
		When faster shutter speeds are used, a portion of the picture is fl.
		Figure I shows the flash out of sync on a 35mm camera equipped with a focal plane shutter, Most cameras equipped with a focal plane shutter are only in flash sync at one shutter speed.
	nicephotostudio.com /tips/flash_nonsync.htm (297 words)

	Marriott - 35 mm single lens reflex cameras for sale
		lens aperture is not automatically stopped down by the camera shutter release, but must be set manually each time).
		shutter with delayed action release, interchangeable lens system, built in exposure meter has old-style DIN film sensitivity range, ASA range as today, original Zeiss Ikon ever ready case, all excellent, a fine historic camera fully usable today.
		f/2.8 Tessar (metric focusing), interchangeable front element, Synchro-Compur-X shutter, non-return mirror, bright viewfinder with ground glass ring and split image rangefinder, built in selenium exposure meter (no batteries required) giving semi-automatic exposure, or camera can be used manually without metering, screen-printed aperture settings are worn but otherwise camera is in excellent condition.
	www.marriottworld.com /stock/35slr2stock.htm (2658 words)

	JLF Web Site Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Shutter knob changed from round knob at the beginning to knob with screw ring for shutter cable.
		but was less successful than normal focal plane shutter model.
		New viewfinder with incorporated focal frames for 50mm and 90mm lenses and parallax compensation.
	www.e-mager.com /leicascrewmount.htm (1858 words)

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