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Topic: Foehn winds

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	Wind - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wind is the quasi-horizontal movement of air (as opposed to an air current) caused by a horizontal pressure gradient force.
		Winds can be classified either by their scale, the kinds of forces which cause them (according to the atmospheric equations of motion), or the geographic regions in which they exist.
		Zonda wind (on the eastern slope of the Andes in Argentina)
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Wind (2359 words)

	Föhn wind - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the wind descends to lower levels on the leeward side of the mountains, the air heats as it comes under greater atmospheric pressure creating strong, gusty, warm and dry winds.
		Winds of this type are called "snow-eaters" for their ability to make snow melt rapidly.
		Föhn winds are notorious among mountaineers in the Alps, especially those climbing the Eiger, for whom the winds add additional difficulty in ascending an already difficult peak.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foehn_wind (290 words)

	AllRefer.com - foehn (Weather And Climate: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		A foehn originates as follows: Air is first forced upward over the windward mountain slopes, cooling as it encounters the lower pressures of higher altitudes.
		The foehn occurs when the circulation is strong enough to force air over the mountains in a relatively short period of time.
		The nature of the foehn in a particular locale depends on the topography, the strength and direction of circulation, and the moisture supply on the windward side of the mountains.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/foehn.html (392 words)

	Wind (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Wind strength is dependent upon the pressure field and is highest when pressure differences are the greatest.
		The foehn wind is unlike the sea breeze in that it is observed only in mountain areas.
		A foehn (the name originated in the Alps) occurs when a deep layer of prevailing wind is forced over a mountain range.
	pao.cnmoc.navy.mil /pao/Educate/WeatherTalk2/indexwind.htm (1093 words)

	BBC - Weather Centre - WeatherWise - Fact Files - Wind
		Winds are described by the direction they blow from - an easterly wind lows from the east, a westerly from the west.
		Prevailing winds (winds which occur frequently in a particular direction) are arranged in a series of belts around the globe.
		Mountains often produce their own local winds, and wind currents can be shaped as they are forced to rise or funnelled through valleys, greatly increasing their strength.
	www.bbc.co.uk /weather/weatherwise/factfiles/basics/wind_localwinds.shtml (374 words)

	Foehn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A foehn wind occurs when a deep layer of prevailing wind is forced overa mountain range.
		As the wind descends tolower levels on the leeward side of the mountains, the air heats as it comes undergreater atmospheric pressure creating strong, gusty, warmand dry winds.
		Winds of this type are called"snow-eaters" for their ability to make snow vanish.
	www.therfcc.org /foehn-330178.html (148 words)

	The Environmental Literacy Council - The Santa Ana: Katabatic Winds
		While the prevailing winds in California come from the west from the cool Pacific ocean, the Santa Ana, named after the city of Santa Ana near Los Angeles, comes from the high, dry desert plateaus of the mountain ranges east of Los Angeles and San Diego.
		Winds pass over the top of mountains, but, like the eddies that swirl near rocks on a rocky shoreline, some air breaks away from the main wind stream, where it gathers and cools.
		In the case of the Santa Ana wind, these conditions are usually provided by high pressure in the northern Rocky Mountains of the U.S. The clockwise air circulation of this high pressure system forces the winds downwards from the high plateau.
	www.enviroliteracy.org /article.php/672.html (708 words)

	III General Circulation of the Atmosphere
		Chinook (foehn) winds related to “rainshadow” effect, wind blows upslope, cools as its rising causing condensation and precipitation; when it descends down the “lee” side of the mountain, it warms again, and is very dry.
		Because the atmosphere is a fluid on a rotating sphere, with differential heating near the surface, the air is constantly in motion (winds).
		Winds meander in a wave like pattern, with the crests and troughs associated with cyclonic and anticyclonic systems moving generally west to east.
	www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu /~afrei/pg130_fall01_7_circulation.htm (969 words)

	Winds
		Winds in the Arctic blow in mainly from the west as part of the westerlies, the name given to the main pattern of atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere.
		Wind speeds in the western Arctic are generally lower than in the east.
		Wind may be caused either by pressure differences as the atmosphere heats and cools at different rates or by changing topography.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpe/environments/climate/climte_present/winds.htm (554 words)

	Diablo wind - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Diablo wind is a regional term for the foehn wind that often occurs in the San Francisco Bay Area.
		The term is often used because many of the winds originate off of nearby Mount Diablo.
		Locally, the term "Santa Ana wind" is often also used, although that would more accurately refer to foehn winds in Southern California.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Diablo_wind (83 words)

	Unexpected warming induced by foehn winds in the lee of the Smoky Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Foehn winds are commonly observed in the lee of large mountain ranges and are typically associated with dramatic temperature increases and relative humidity decreases due to adiabatic compression of the descending wind.
		Foehn winds have been frequently documented near the mountains of the western United States, and include the Chinook winds near the Rocky Mountains (Oard 1993), the Santa Ana winds near the mountains of southern California (Burroughs 1987; Lessard 1988), and the Sundowner winds near the Santa Ynez Mountains (Blier 1998; Ryan and Burch 1992).
		Foehn winds observed across the western United States can be quite strong and produce an abrupt increase in temperature and decrease in relative humidity as they descend (Blier 1998; Oard 1993; Nkemdirim 1986).
	www.srh.noaa.gov /mrx/research/down/downslope.htm (2911 words)

	Meteorology and Climatology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Chinook winds develop when relatively stable air is forced over a mountain range, then warms as it compresses on the leeward side of the mountains.
		The Santa Ana winds of southern California occur as hot dry air is pushed from a high in the Great Basin over the mountains of southern California, desiccating vegetation and contributing to destructive wildfires.
		A hot spot on the surface, such as a plowed field, may be accompanied by a horizontal wind shear caused by a nearby obstacle, leading to the ubiquitous dust devil.
	www.valdosta.edu /~grissino/geog3150/lecture19.htm (546 words)

	November 7, 2000 Class Notes (David Adair)
		Foehn-type Winds are down sloped winds that flow outward from a region of dynamically induced surface high pressure located over a region of elevated topography.
		These winds are warm and dry because they originate from over the hot desserts of the Great Basin and due to the effects of the adiabatic rate as the air mass descends the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada.
		Santa Ana and Diablo winds are often strong due to the relative pressure gradient and funneling by major breaks in mountains.
	tornado.sfsu.edu /geosciences/classes/m356/Notes_F00/Notes_11_7_00.html (880 words)

	Foehn Wind In The Rocky Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Regionally, these winds are known as "zonda winds" in Argentina, "chinook winds" in the Rocky Mountains, "Diablo winds" in the San...
		...winds" in Argentina, "chinook winds" in the Rocky Mountains, "Diablo winds...
		winds are known as "zonda winds" in Argentina, "chinook winds" in the Rocky Mountains, "Diablo winds" in...
	www.justcolorado.info /browse/foehn-wind-in-the-rocky-mountains.html (282 words)

	Fire Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the western U.S., chinook winds can be pre- or post-frontal and often occur from late August through November, although winter time occurrence is not uncommon in portions of Montana and Colorado.
		Wind speeds of 40-60 mph (18-27 m/s) are common, and winds in excess of 100 mph (45 m/s) have been measured in Colorado.
		Fires during these wind episodes are usually human caused in lighter fuels (grass or grass--timber) and can have spectacularly rapid downwind growth.
	meted.ucar.edu /fire/fwx/fwl3_c.htm (207 words)

	Foehn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Foehn, fen, a warm, dry wind of the Alps.
		It is of great benefit in the spring in removing the heavy snows of that region quickly.
		The word has passed into general use and is applied to winds of the sort, wherever found.
	www.factopia.com /aiton-encyclopedia-vol2/foehn.htm (109 words)

	Mountain Waves Print Version (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Oftentimes, rapid changes in wind speed and direction are caused by rapid rotor evolution and shifting of the wavelength or amplitude of the mountain waves overhead.
		Downslope winds may be either warm or cold, depending on the presence and depth of a cold air mass upstream of the mountain barrier.
		The wind at 2 km is 30 knots and decreases to 10 knots at 6 km.
	meted.ucar.edu /mesoprim/mtnwave/print.htm (10464 words)

	background
		Hence, winds tend to flow upslope during the day and these are called valley winds.
		Winds flowing down the leeward sides of mountains can be quite powerful: Examples are the Foehn in the Alps in Europe, the Chinook in the Rocky Mountains, and the Zonda in the Andes.
		Examples of other local wind systems are the Mistral flowing down the Rhone valley into the Mediterranean Sea, the Scirocco, a southerly wind from Sahara blowing into the Mediterranean sea.
	www.hprcc.unl.edu /nebraska/stuproj/ametf99/wenzl/background.html (469 words)

	USATODAY.com - Answers: Winds that bring quick warm ups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Foehn winds – that name is used also in Germany and Austria – are what meteorologists call katabatic winds.
		One of the basic laws of nature is that as air descends, such as a wind blowing downhill, it warms by about 5.5 degrees F for each 1,000 feet of descent.
		The world's strongest katabatic winds are found around the edges of Antarctica where extremely cold air rushes down from the Antarctic Plateau.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/resources/askjack/2004-02-18-downslope-winds_x.htm?POE=WEAISVA (354 words)

	Untitled
		The fohn-wind family consists of winds that are warm and dry because their air has been warmed by compression as they flow over the mountain ranges and then down the leeward slopes.
		When these relatively warm and very moist winds make landfall, they encounter the coastal mountain ranges of British Columbia, they are forced to rise over the mountain barrier on their trek eastward.
		Lethbridge was left with substantial wind damage and new lakes standing in the surrounding fields and pastures.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/13646/98720 (1027 words)

	Lecture 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In our previous lecture, one of our climatic elements were prevailing winds listing their importance in the distribution of various air masses and storms and the primary wind belts of the Earth that determine the overall climate.
		Winds begin to blow onshore and the Coriolis Force (that deflective force of the Earth's rotation-I assume you've read about this in your text by now) turns the winds into the southwest as they blow onshore.
		This upwelling is due to the persistent winds blowing across the ocean and pulling colder water from the subsurface.
	www.accd.edu /sac/earthsci/sgirhard/1371/chap2.htm (1632 words)

	foehn on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		fön), warm, dry wind that occurs on the leeward slopes of a ridge of mountains.
		Foehn and Bytemobile partner to deliver mobile data optimisation.
		Autriche: le foehn fait des millions d'euros de dégâts
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f1/foehn.asp (462 words)

	FOEHN WIND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A term used in the mountainous regions of western United States to denote dry warm winds which increase the evaporation rate of snow considerably ; A warm wind descending from the mountains and causing important changes in temperature, humidity and air movement; Common in the European Alps; Called Chinook in Canada.
		Foehn (chinooks, foehn), vento Foehn (chinooks, foehn), chinooks (chinooks, foehn, snow eater).
		föhn (chinooks, foehn, snow eater), chinook (chinooks, foehn, snow eater).
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/FOEHN+WIND (417 words)

	local
		Seasonal and local winds result from differing atmospheric pressure gradients over land and larger bodies of water.
		Chinook means "snow eater." These winds are created when a low pressure system on the leeward side of a mountain, such as a cyclone, pulls air over these imposing barriers.
		These winds form when cold air, situated over a highland are such as the ice sheets of Greenland or Antartica, is set in motion.
	www.hprcc.unl.edu /nebraska/stuproj/ametf99/wenzl/local.html (754 words)

	FOEHN - Cloud Structure In Satellite Images
		Foehn is a special weather situation which appears on the lee side of a mountain chain in the situation where an air stream is crossing it perpendicularly.
		Also, due to the rather rare nature of the foehn phenomenon, its contribution to the average distribution of cloudiness in the region is not apparent.
		Another area where Foehn effects are frequently seen in satellite images is the Spanish N coast and the Pyrenean mountains.
	www.zamg.ac.at /docu/Manual/SatManu/CMs/Fh/structure.htm (1054 words)

	Ill winds blow many Austrians into howling fury
		In western Austria and parts of Switzerland, the foehn is recognized as a mitigating factor in criminal proceedings.
		Meteorologists call a wind a foehn (pronounced "fern") when it blows warm and dry from the south, compressing the air as it sweeps down the slopes.
		The alpine foehn, which originates in the Sahara, is a cousin of the Santa Ana winds that fan fires in Southern California, the Chinook winds that rage across the Rockies, and the dreaded mistral known for fouling French tempers.
	www.reddingpalm.com /newsarchive/20020218world013.shtml (759 words)

	LEO Archive: der Föhn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After cooling on the windward ascent at the saturated adiabatic lapse rate of 0.5°C/100 m, with the resulting condensation and precipitation, the air descending on the leeward side of the mountain range is warmed through compression at the dry adiabatic lapse rate of 1°C/100 m.
		This produces a warming wind on the lee side, with higher temperatures than occurred in the same air on the upslope side of the mountains.
		''foehn wind'' / ''föhn wind'' is the correct technical terms in English for the class of warm winds occurring in the lee of mountain ranges (see link and example above).
	forum.leo.org /archiv/2002_11/18/20021118022251e_en.html (199 words)

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