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Topic: Fold (geology)


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  Fold - LoveToKnow 1911
In geology, a fold is a bend or curvature in the stratified rocks of the earth's crust, whereby they have been made to take up less horizontal space.
In powerfully folded regions the axial planes of the folds are no longer upright; they may be moderately inclined, producing an "inversion," "inverted fold" or "overfold." When the inclination of the axial plane is great a "recumbent overfold" is produced (Fr.
One of the important functions of a fold is its direction; this of course depends upon the orientation of the axial plane.
www.1911encyclopedia.org /Fold   (1796 words)

  
 fold - HighBeam Encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
Folds on a grand scale, extending, for example, most of the length of a continent, are known as geosynclines and geanticlines.
The immediate cause of folding is generally conceded to be the horizontal compression of the earth's surface, anticlines being squeezed up by this compression and synclines formed between anticlines.
The problem of the ultimate cause of fold formation is similar to that of fault formation, both being earth movements involved in mountain building and plate tectonics.
www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-fold.html   (732 words)

  
 Summary: Folds, General
In structural geology, a fold is defined as a bend in a planar structure—-the result of some kind of deformation.
Thus, folds are ridges and valleys formed by laterally squeezing the rock beds into a series of arches and troughs.
Well known examples of extensive fold patterns are the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Himalayas in India, Pakistan, and Tibet, the Tian Shan fold belt of central Asia, and the Zagros Mountains of Iran.
www.tec.army.mil /research/products/desert_guide/lsmsheet/lsfolds.htm   (592 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
Folded layers with parallel-fold geometries indicate that layering affected the flow during ductile deformation of the rock (flexural folding).
For flexural flow folds, stylolites or cleavage are found in the inside hinge area recording inner arc contraction and extension veins occur in the outer part of the fold hinges of the same folding, recording outer arc contraction.
The tight folds in the shaly units in the core of the fold are indications of inner arc contraction, and the fractures at right angles to siltstones in the outer arc indicate outer arc extension.
www.geology.wisc.edu /courses/g455/Chapt9-FoldsAugust05.doc   (5896 words)

  
 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY of the PREALPES MEDIANES
Fold interference structures, giving way to very tight folds, result from the simultaneous development of neighboring anticlines, as in the Col de Chaude area of the Tinière-Dorena anticline (Plancherel and Weidmann 1972).
Because the fault-bend fold structure has been inclined to the NW (its present day position), the backthrust, as well as associated splays, suffered a rotation thus appearing as normal faults with the meridional compartment downthrown by 200-400m (Jaccard 1904, 1907; Mosar 1991).
Information on the fold geometry in the Préalpes médianes, their relation with neighboring units and the age of the youngest sediments in the the different prealpine units have made it possible to propose a new model for the structural evolution of the Préalpes médianes.
www-sst.unil.ch /research/prealps/STRUCT.HTM   (2717 words)

  
 Capitol Reef - Geology
A nearly 100-mile long warp in the Earth's crust, the Waterpocket Fold is a classic monocline: a regional fold with one very steep side in an area of otherwise nearly horizontal layers.
The most scenic portion of the Waterpocket Fold, found near the Fremont River, is known as Capitol Reef: "capitol" for the white domes of Navajo Sandstone that resemble capitol building rotundas, and "reef" for the rocky cliffs which are a barrier to travel, like a coral reef.
The tilt of the Waterpocket Fold dies out at Thousand Lake Mountain near the northwestern boundary of the park.
www.nps.gov /care/geology1.htm   (887 words)

  
 IGP UNIL - structural geology
Box-fold shaped structures are another frequently observed fold style, such as in the Dent de Broc anticline (Chassé 1924) or in the Rochers de Naye-Vanil Noir synclines (Wengen 1924; Revertera 1926).
The major thrust sheets form fault-bend like folds that are cut by a large backthrust through the layers in the hangingwall of their ramps.
Folds and their genetically linked thrustplanes die out laterally and are relaied by other folds, thus forming 'en échelon' structures.
www.unil.ch /igp/page22900_fr.html   (2764 words)

  
 Folded Rocks
An anticline is a classic arched fold, where the limbs of the fold dip away from the hinge line.
Folds by their nature are hard to see on the surface unless a man-made or natural feature cuts through the fold.
In a horizontal fold or non-plunging fold, the underlying rock layers are exposed on the surface as horizontal stripes.
www.suite101.com /article.cfm/everyday_geology/69641   (511 words)

  
 FOLD - Online Information article about FOLD
special terms have been assigned to certain portions of the fold; thus, the sloping sides of an anticline or syncline are known as the " limbs," " slopes," " flanks " or " members " of the fold; in an anticline, the part X, fig.
pitch," and the fold is said to pitch (or dip) towards the north, andc.
In its smaller manifestation, this class of folding passes into " crumpling " or " puckering," where quite a large number of folds may be crowded into a single hand specimen.
encyclopedia.jrank.org /FLA_FRA/FOLD.html   (2302 words)

  
 Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for fold
Fold Fold at Wal-Mart Wide Selection, Always Low Prices.
Hogbacks are commonly formed along the eroded flanks of large, tightly folded anticlines and synclines (see fold).
The nail consists of dead cells pushed outward by dividing cells in the root, a fold of epidermis at the base of the nail (see skin).
www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=fold   (762 words)

  
 fold - Search Results - MSN Encarta
Fold (geology), in geology, bend in a rock layer caused by forces within the crust of the earth.
The forces that cause folds range from slight...
Scottish Fold, breed of shorthaired cat, the result of a genetic mutation that causes the ears to fold down.
encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=fold   (162 words)

  
 For Sale : African / Africa geology journals, bulletins, more for sale :
This is a folded map with color, scale 1” = 10 km.
This is a 15 paper boxed set about the geology of Algeria, 10x6.5”, 3 inches thick, illus., including fold-out maps and plates.
This is a large two volume set on geology, water and water problems in Algeria, packaged in two boxes, with each part (each paper) individually bound.
www.woodenski.com /2neat/international/africa.htm   (1567 words)

  
 Lingua Terrae Books Geology USA
Pickering, S.M. Stratigraphy, paleontology, and economic geology of portions of Perry and Cochran quadrangles, Georgia.
Udden, J.A. A reconnaissance survey on the geology of the oil and gas fields of Wichita and Clay Counties, Texas.
Carman, J.E. The Pleistocene geology of northwestern Iowa.
home.planet.nl /~m.rappol/geousa.htm   (1965 words)

  
 Maryland Geological Survey: Geology of Sideling Hill Road Cut
Erosion of these folds has produced a series of subparallel ridges and valleys, in which the ridges are capped by erosion-resistant sandstones, and the intervening valleys are underlain by soluble limestones and easily eroded shales.
A syncline is a fold in which the strata on either side dip inward toward the axis.
Such folding resulted from the enormous compressional stresses developed in the Earth's crust by the collision of the North American and African continents.
www.mgs.md.gov /esic/brochures/sideling.html   (1356 words)

  
 UAF Geology and Geophysics   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
These studies aim to develop a better understanding of the structural geometry and evolution of fold-and-thrust structures such as detachment folds and duplexes, while also seeking to reconstruct the structural evolution and paleogeography of the Brooks Range.
Geometric-kinematic models and balanced cross sections are the primary tools used to reconstruct the geometry and evolution of structures, combining structural observations with data from stratigraphy, thermochronology (e.g., fission-track dating), and geophysics (e.g., deep seismic data).
The focus of recent studies has been on young folds and thrust faults in the northern Alaska Range and in the Yakataga fold-and-thrust belt along the Gulf of Alaska margin.
www.uaf.edu /geology/Facultyn/wallace.htm   (290 words)

  
 Geology
The entire rock package was subjected to several periods of deformation during the Precambrian resulting in complex fold patterns, and significant, localized shear zones.
In terms of mine geography as it relates to the geology and fold structures, the large-scale synforms and antiforms have smaller scale fold structures associated with them termed “ledges”.
Over 40 million ounces of gold were produced from all of the ledges that were mined during the 126 year history of this world class gold deposit that is the prototype for Precambrian iron formation-hosted gold deposits.
homestake.sdsmt.edu /Geology/geology.htm   (802 words)

  
 Fold geology   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
There is no need to spent effort to seek the resource about geology of the everglades national park you need.
If you're looking for listing for geology of bluffs underlain by granite, we'll also show you the data you need to get the task done.
We integrate conceivable historical geology 3 fields of instructions on this domain.
www.qjko.org /fold-geology.html   (544 words)

  
 Folding - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
case folding is a term denoting the conversion of all characters in a string to lower- or upper-case
Fold (higher-order function), a family of higher-order functions in functional computer programming
folding, in poker, the act of withdrawing from a hand rather than meeting the bet
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fold   (117 words)

  
 GEOLOGY
This province consists of a group of sediments and volcanics, the Birrimian group, which has been folded, metamorphosed, and intruded by a large suite of granites, the Eburian granites (1,900-2,200 million years old).
The Mozambique belt is a 4,000-km/2,400-mi long belt of high-grade metamorphic rocks, representing a mobile belt which began forming in Precambrian times and underwent several phases of folding and metamorphism before its final phase of regional metamorphism some 600 million years ago at the end of the Precambrian.
The Cape fold belt cuts across the southern tip of Africa, and is another belt of Palaeozoic activity, stabilised in Upper Palaeozoic times.
www.fortunecity.com /oasis/skegness/394/geology.htm   (1416 words)

  
 Tas Walker's Biblical Geology - Brisbane, Australia
However, as this water drained off the continent, and the Flood continued, some sediment, vegetation and animals were deposited in a local sedimentary basin called the Ipswich Basin.
The receding floodwaters (first in sheets and then in huge channels) severely eroded the surface of the continent of what is now Australia and carved the landscape into pretty much the form we see it today.
This folding was probably associated with the ocean basins sinking and the continents rising.
biblicalgeology.net /content/view/43/43   (1070 words)

  
 Untitled Document   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
The remainder of the shortening was accommodated by mesoscopic and macroscopic strain.
Development of this 40 km long anticline spanned ~10 Ma characterized by periods of slow fold growth (2-4¾ of limb rotation/Ma) driven by sediment progradation which was punctuated at 2-3 Ma intervals by folding rates 3-10 times faster driven by episodic thrust sheet emplacement.
Fault-slip data were used to reconstruct varying tectonic regimes associated with fold development along the eastern and southern margins of the Jaca basin.
www.lehigh.edu /~dja2/haltect.html   (310 words)

  
 References
Biot, M A 1961: Theory of folding of stratified viscoelastic media and its implications in tectonics and orogenesis.
Ford, Mary, and C.C. Ferguson, 1985, Cleavage strain in the Variscan Fold Belt, County Cork, Ireland, estimated from stretched arsenopyrite rosettes: Journal of Structural Geology, v.
P.F. Williams, D. Jiang: 2000 :The role of initial perturbations in the development of folds in a rock-analogue J Struct Geol, pp 845-856 Wilson, Gilbert, 1961, Tectonic significance of small scale structures and their important to the geologist in the field: Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, v.
www.structural-geology-portal.com /references.html   (7675 words)

  
 Stephen Marshak
Marshak's research interests involve three topics: Proterozoic tectonic evolution of the Brazilian shield (involving field studies in Brazil), Phanerozoic tectonism in midcontinent North America, structural geology of fold-thrust belts (particularly the formation of map-view curves).
Harrison, M., Marshak, S., and McBride, J., 2004 The Lackawanna synclinorium, Pennsylvania: a basement-controlled salt-collapse structure, partially modified by thin-skinned folding: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.
Earth Structure: An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics, 2nd Edition: W.W. Norton, and Co., 656 p.
hercules.geology.uiuc.edu /~marshak/index.html   (779 words)

  
 http://www.nmmu.ac.za/geosci
An opportunity for a postdoctoral student interested in sedimentary geology of the Cape Fold Belt is currently available for 2006/2007.
The postdoctoral fellow will be expected to carry out field and analytical work with the aim of quantifying the sedimentological characteristics of lithologies within the Cape Fold Belt and producing publications which support the findings.
A Ph.D. in geology obtained within the past five years, with a strong background in sedimentary geology.
www.nmmu.ac.za /default.asp?id=1855   (207 words)

  
 UCMP Glossary: Geology
anticline -- A fold of rock layers that is convex upwards.
The tectonic processes of folding, faulting, and uplifting of the earth’s crust that result in the formation of mountains.
syncline -- A fold of rock layers that is convex downwards.
www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /glossary/glossary_2.html   (3545 words)

  
 fold — FactMonster.com
The problem of the ultimate cause of fold formation is similar to that of fault formation, both being earth movements involved in
Ben Folds Five - Ben Folds Five alternative rock group Formed in 1994 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, this...
Leroy Grumman - Leroy Grumman Born: 1895 Retractable Landing Gear; Folding Wing.
www.factmonster.com /ce6/sci/A0819051.html   (482 words)

  
 Fold (geology) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A fold in Slichowice nature reserve in Kielce (Variscan orogeny)
The trend and plunge of a linear hinge line gives you information about the orientation of the fold.
This is achieved by pressure dissolution, a form of metamorphic reaction, in which rocks shorten by dissolving constituents which move to areas of lower strain.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fold_(geology)   (1043 words)

  
 University of Wisconsin Eau Claire: Geology Department
Geol 471 - Field Geology 2 is taught in alternating (odd-numbered) academic years.
Joe and Jessica examine the Paleozoic sedimentary rocks of the Devil's Fence Anticlinorium, southwestern MT For more information on field experiences at UWEC, contact the Field Camp Director, J. Brian Mahoney at mahonej@uwec.edu.
Geology • Phillips 157 • University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire • Eau Claire, WI 54702-4004
www.uwec.edu /geology/fieldExperiences/geol471.htm   (256 words)

  
 De Paor
Collins, D.A. & De Paor, D.G. A determination of the bulk rotational deformation resulting from displacements in discrete shear zones in the Hercynian fold belt of South Ireland.
Collins, D.A. and De Paor, D.G. A determination of the bulk rotational deformation resulting from displacements in discrete shear zones in the Hercynian fold belt of South Ireland.
Bailey, C.M., Simpson, C. and De Paor, D.G. Diffusional mass transfer and crystal plasticity in the deformation of granitic rocks of the Blue Ridge Thrust Sheet, S.W. Virginia.
www.bu.edu /es/Faculty/DePaor   (2606 words)

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