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Topic: Folivore

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Some bats are partially folivorous; their method of deriving nourishment from leaves, according to Lowry (1989), is to chew up the leaves, swallowing the sap and spitting out the remainder.
		Arboreal folivores, such as sloths and some species of monkeys and lemurs, tend to be large and climb cautiously.
		Folivorous primates are relatively rare in the New World, the primary exception being howler monkeys.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Folivore (424 words)

	Folivore - Biocrawler
		In Zoology, a folivore is an animal that specializes in eating leaves.
		For this reason folivorous mammals tend to have long digestive tracts and slow metabolisms.
		Many enlist the help of symbiotic bacteria to release the nutrients in their diet.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Folivore (101 words)

	Eating the leaves or plant eaters.
		The leaf eaters of the world, folivores (the name comes from the Latin folium, for leaf and vorare, for eat) including such far-out creatures as the giraffelike okapi, Australia’s eucalyptus-eating koala, the moss-green owl parrot of New Zealand, the indri lemur of Madagascar, and the slow-moving sloth all must be highly specialized to survive.
		To eat leaves, which are abundant yet all-but-void of nutrition, most folivores have specialized stomachs, many are slow moving and sleep a lot, and all excel at making a little energy go a long way.
		The war between folivores and trees has become a complicated arms race, with trees trying to defend their leaves and the eaters attempting to overcome the defenses.
	www.wordquests.info /folivorous.html (834 words)

	Plant Glossary: F - EnchantedLearning.com
		A folivore is animal that eats foliage (leaves).
		For example, the green iguana is a folivore.
		A food chain is is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition.
	www.enchantedlearning.com /subjects/plants/glossary/indexf.shtml (1011 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Folivorous primates, however, tend to defy this generalisation in that some live in small groups despite low costs of feeding competition.
		To resolve this ‘folivore paradox’, it has been suggested that folivore group size is limited by social factors such as male harassment or infanticide, or that females can disperse more easily and thus maintain group size near optimum levels.
		The folivore paradox is not due to frequent female dispersal in Thomas’s langurs.
	igitur-archive.library.uu.nl /bio/2001-1217-151041/UUindex.html (376 words)

	Zoo Time Energy Budget Laboratory
		Although a primate may be classified as a folivore or a frugivore, they are very selective in their dietary choices, and they can choose different plant parts based on their needs.
		Thus, it is not unusual to see a folivore eating fruit.
		Folivores usually have a less diverse diet and will sometimes eat ripe andunripe fruit.
	ecology.botany.ufl.edu /ecologys99/zoo_time_energy_budget_lab.htm (364 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - Wildlife Research
		The ecological factors controlling the distribution and abundance of the folivorous marsupials endemic to the rainforests of northern Australia are not understood.
		Altitudinal variation in folivore abundance in the study area has been attributed to habitat destruction, Aboriginal hunting, the distribution of host plants and climate; however, none of these hypotheses has been tested.
		Variation in folivore abundance with geology is plausibly explained as a response to the nutritional quality of foliage.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/144/paper/WR99098.htm (231 words)

	Responses of an Insect Folivore and Its Parastoids to Multiyear Experimental Defoliation of Aspen
		Responses of an Insect Folivore and Its Parastoids to Multiyear Experimental Defoliation of Aspen
		In a field experiment, 40 trees from each of two clones of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides, were severely defoliated for one, three, and four years in succession by experimentally manipulating densities of an outbreak folivore, the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria.
		Parry, Dylan; Herms, Daniel A.; Mattson, William J. Responses of an Insect Folivore and Its Parastoids to Multiyear Experimental Defoliation of Aspen Ecology 84(7):1768-1783.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/13936 (671 words)

	Ecoscience
		The body growth of wild-caught animals was favoured by the granivore diet for southern and by a folivore diet for northern animals.
		Instead, young females of wild-caught mothers were mature at weaning to a larger extent if provided with a folivore diet.
		These differences are interpreted to reflect digestive adaptation just after weaning, with post-weaning diets on roughage (folivore diet or a field diet) favouring animals being kept on rabbit pellets and with cereal diets after weaning still more favouring animals kept on granivore diets.
	www.ecoscience.ulaval.ca /catalogue/E_detail.php?retour=53&id=535 (260 words)

	Foliar Concentration Of A Single Toxin Creates Habitat Patchiness For A Marsupial Folivore Ecology - Find Articles
		If some individual plants of an important food species are well defended against herbivores while neighboring conspecifics in the same area are not, measurement of leaf chemistry of only one or few individuals of each plant species may severely over- or under-estimate food availability and thus affect the interpretation of the resulting data.
		The relationship between Eucalyptus species and their marsupial folivores is a case in point.
		Three species of arboreal marsupials are able to subsist on a diet solely of Eucalyptus foliage: the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), the greater glider (Petauroides volans) and the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_5_81/ai_62770495?lstpn=article_results&lstpc=search&lstpr=external&lstprs=other&lstwid=1&lstwn=search_results&lstwp=body_middle (866 words)

	The Diet of a Generalized Folivore: Iguana iguana in Panama
		However, not all plant material, or even all leaves, are nutritionally equal (Milton, 1979), and folivores may be highly specialized as to the species or the age of the leaves they eat.
		We analyzed the stomach contents of 31 iguanas collected in the course of a study on the social behavior of Iguana iguana (Dugan, 1980, 1982) and the foraging data from focal animal observations made during the same study.
		This highlights the need to not base species diet composition, range and other behavioral considerations solely or primarily on the findings of studies done on very small man-made island animal populations.
	www.anapsid.org /iguana/rand.html (2098 words)

	Foliar Concentration Of A Single Toxin Creates Habitat Patchiness For A Marsupial Folivore Ecology - Find Articles
		If some individual plants of an important food species are well defended against herbivores while neighboring conspecifics in the same area are not, measurement of leaf chemistry of only one or few individuals of each plant species may severely over- or under-estimate food availability and thus affect the interpretation of the resulting data.
		The relationship between Eucalyptus species and their marsupial folivores is a case in point.
		Three species of arboreal marsupials are able to subsist on a diet solely of Eucalyptus foliage: the common ringtail possum (Pseudocheirus peregrinus), the greater glider (Petauroides volans) and the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus).
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_5_81/ai_62770495?lstpn=article_results&lstpc=search&lstpr=external&lstprs=other&lstwid=1&lstwn=search_results&lstwp=body_middle (850 words)

	Rainforest Glossary - F: Zoom Rainforests
		The fibula is the calf bone - the bone in the lower, back part of the leg between the knee and the ankle.
		A folivore is animal that eats foliage (leaves).
		For example, the green iguana is a folivore.
	www.littleexplorers.com /subjects/rainforest/glossary/indexf.shtml (667 words)

	[No title]
		Despite a number of studies documenting benefits to plants in the presence of herbivores' enemies, relatively few investigations have explored the mechanism underlying these benefits.
		As part of a larger study investigating the evolution of extrafloral nectaries in Gossypium thurberi (wild cotton), behavioral experiments were conducted to determine the mechanism of interaction between ants and the dominant folivore, Bucculatrix thurberiella (Lepidoptera), the cotton leaf perforator.
		Only four instances of predation were observed during the 1280 minutes of observation.
	abstracts.co.allenpress.com /pweb/esa2000/abstracts/JEN-3-48-39.html (256 words)

	Responses of an Insect Folivore and Its Parastoids to Multiyear Experimental Defoliation of Aspen
		Responses of an Insect Folivore and Its Parastoids to Multiyear Experimental Defoliation of Aspen
		In a field experiment, 40 trees from each of two clones of trembling aspen, Populus tremuloides, were severely defoliated for one, three, and four years in succession by experimentally manipulating densities of an outbreak folivore, the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria.
		Treatments were applied such that the individual and combined effects of RIR and DIR on the fitness of the forest tent caterpillar could be assessed independently.
	www.nrs.fs.fed.us /pubs/3936 (578 words)

	Untitled Document
		At a landscape scale, folivorous mammals are distributed patchily in large areas of contiguous forest and there is evidence that this pattern is associated with soil and foliar nutrients measured as concentrations of N, P and K (Braithwaite et al 1983; Cork and Catling 1996).
		Experimental evidence has shown that all species of folivores studied show a similar ranking of individual trees within a species with respect to dry matter intake (Lawler et al 1998a; B.D. Moore unpublished data).
		Digestive and metabolic strategies of arboreal mammalian folivores in relation to chemical defenses in temperate and tropical forests.
	cnrit.tamu.edu /conf/cd/web/post-online/sect0117/index.html (4695 words)

	Rainforest Glossary - F: Zoom Rainforests
		A folivore is animal that eats foliage (leaves).
		For example, the green iguana is a folivore.
		A food chain is the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition.
	www.allaboutjewels.com /subjects/rainforest/glossary/indexf.shtml (667 words)

	IngentaConnect Search Results
		Variability in host-plant quality for the larvae of a polyphagous insect folivore in midseason: the impact of light on three deciduous sapling species
		Between-group contest competition for food in a highly folivorous population of fl and white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza)
		Effects of synchronization with host plant phenology occur early in the larval development of a spring folivore
	www.ingentaconnect.com /search?database=1&title=folivore (671 words)

	The Ultimate Ungulate Glossary
		Used to refer to animals which have become wild in an area outside of their natural range, usually due to human forces.
		An animal that eats mainly leaves (i.e., one that is "folivorous").
		The major taxonomic category between family and species, generally consisting of a group of species exhibiting similar characteristics
	www.ultimateungulate.com /glossary.html (1294 words)

	Quantitative Analysis of Gut Morphology in Primates/Humans
		i.e., it is hard to distinguish and compare the volume of a fermenting chamber in a folivore versus the volume of absorbing regions in a faunivore.
		While recognizing the special significance of the gross dietary categories to which each species can usually be assigned, particularly the most specialized forms, we have tried to avoid any implication that a classification into faunivores, frugivores, and folivores reflects exclusive diets.
		Incorporating this scaling adjustment, the GI tracts studied were analyzed for the three different dietary classes (faunivore, frugivore, folivore) to produce a numeric index--
	www.beyondveg.com /billings-t/comp-anat/comp-anat-6d.shtml (1565 words)

	Conference Schedule
		The use of multivariate approaches however has proven to be extremely useful in the fields of biology, paleobiology and ecology in obtaining a more complete understanding of the interrelationships within an ecosystem.
		This study employed a multivariate approach to examine the relationships between ecology, demography, and behavior to determine what factors most greatly influence folivore biomass, and whether these are the same among different folivore taxa.
		We conducted research on two populations of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus) that occur in different habitat types and at different densities within Yasuni National Park, Ecuador.
	www.asp.org /asp2005/abstractDisplay.cfm?abstractID=857&confEventID=1118 (209 words)

	San Diego Zoo's Do You Know...What's for Lunch?
		A famous folivore is the koala, which only eats eucalyptus leaves.
		Sometimes these words can tell us more specifically what an animal eats.
		Folivore refers to an animal that eats foliage, or leaves, like the douc langur.
	www.sandiegozoo.org /kids/readaboutit_ivores.html (395 words)

	Giant Panda Online - Species Survival Plan
		We believe that he does not tolerate heavy culm varieties well because his teeth are heavily worn from age, making consumption of culm difficult.
		In addition to bamboo, both pandas’ diets are supplemented with a high fiber, vitamin enriched folivore biscuit.
		They are also offered carrots, yams, apples and specially baked folivore bread.
	www.giantpandaonline.org /captivemanagement/husbandry_articles/keeperspersp.htm (2432 words)

	Milne-Edwards Sportive Lemur (Lepilemur edwardsi)
		The Milne-Edwards sportive lemur is primarily a folivorous species, but also will eat a small amount of fruits and flowers to supplement the diet.
		This species is also a cecotroph, which means it redigests its feces; it does this to help break down the cellulose in the leaves.
		This species is unusual amongst the primates in that it is small and is a folivore and a leaper (Warren and Crompton, 1997).
	members.tripod.com /uakari/lepilemur_edwardsi.html (651 words)

	FOLIVORE Articles In Zoology, a folivore is an animal
		FOLIVORE Articles In Zoology, a folivore is an animal
		In Zoology, a folivore is an animal that specializes in eating leaves.
		For this reason folivorous mammals tend to have long digestive tracts and slow metabolisms.
	amazines.com /Folivore_related.html (321 words)

	Allometry
		Their method is better than Jerison's (fitting a line by eye to reflect the theory he liked) but it isn't clear that the issue is solved (attention has been turning to the relationship between mother's BMR and relative brain size of newborns).
		Or: if you code primates by diet as folivores (primarily leaf eaters) or frugivores (primarily fruit eaters) and then regress brain on body size, the folivore species tend to fall below the line--that is, they tend to have lower EQs than frugivores.
		The relatively small brains of folivores have been used to argue that ecological pressures have been important in the evolution of intelligence.
	weber.ucsd.edu /~jmoore/courses/allometry/allometry.html (2928 words)

	(Site not responding. Last check: )
		The confirmation of this richness is based on adult records but knowledge of larvae-host plants interactions is still incipient.
		The main purpose of this work was to identify folivorous caterpillar species on Roupala montana Aubl.
		Barone, J.A. Host-specificity of folivorous insects in a moist tropical forest.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?pid=S1519-566X2006000200005&script=sci_arttext (4605 words)

	ECOLOGY OF THE FOLIVOROUS HOATZIN (OPISTHOCOMUS HOAZIN) ON THE VENEZUELAN PLAINS
		which together with its digestive adaptations seems to allow the bird to overcome the theo- retical incompatibility between flight energet- ics, body mass, and folivorous habits.
		The Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) is the only avian folivore known to have fermentative digestion in the crop.
		A co- operatively breeding bird, with young having special swimming and climbing abilities (Grim- mer 1962), the Hoatzin is the only avian folivore with pre-gastric fermentation (Grajal et al.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v111n03/p0643-p0651.html (5891 words)

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