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Topic: Folk memory

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	folk song - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These assume that the germ of a folk melody is produced by an individual and altered in transmission into a group-fashioned expression.
		Conversely, folk song often shows the influence of formally composed music; this is particularly true of 17th- and 18th-century European folk song.
		Folksingers such as Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger performed traditional songs and wrote their own songs in the folk idiom, an approach that was later used and modified by Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, and others.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-folksong.html (501 words)

	Romancing the Folk
		Folk forms could cleanse culture of the artificiality that, he felt, was poisoning modern life.
		His slice of folk song came to be seen as the touchstone against which all folk songs were judged.
		Although articles documenting folk songs were published steadily in the fifteen years or so after Lila Edmonds's 1893 collection, scholars and collectors did not become fully aware of the abundance of southern mountain songs until after 1910.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/f/filene-folk.html (4180 words)

	Romancing the Folk: Public Memory and American Roots Music, by Benjamin Filene. Introduction. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By "public memory," then, I mean the vague and often conflicting assumptions about the past that Americans carry with them and draw on, usually unconsciously, in their daily actions and reactions.
		Rather, entry into the public memory depends on the efforts of the cultural workers who occupy the center of this study--the middlemen between folk and popular culture who rediscover performers, reinterpret their early recordings in relation to subsequent musical trends, and redefine the artists as folk forefathers and foremothers.
		Appropriately, then, public memory is formed by a recursive process, one that involves revisiting and reevaluating the culture of the past in the light of the present.
	uncpress.unc.edu /chapters/filene_romancing.html (2730 words)

	Pitfalls and possibilities: Presenting folk arts in the schools :: PFP
		In the classroom, folk arts are pulled away from the richly textured contexts in which they usually occur.
		In many communities, folk artists are specialists of a sort, and their particular skills are neither universally known nor universally respected.
		There are politics and perspectives to all folk arts (like any kind of art) and it is important to understand them - especially when dealing with young people struggling to make sense of their own relationship to their families and the wider world.
	www.folkloreproject.org /programs/education/pitfalls.cfm (1929 words)

	Folk Music - Further Reading - MSN Encarta
		A definitive reference that traces the history and development of all forms of folk music.
		Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents.
		Traces the evolution of musical instruments and their use in different cultures.
	encarta.msn.com /readings_761554209/Folk_Music.html (195 words)

	Folk memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Folk memories is a term not often used to describe stories, folklore or myths about past events that have passed orally from generation to generation.
		The events described by the memories may date back tens, hundreds, or even thousands of years and often have a local significance.
		They may explain physical features in the local environment, provide reasons for cultural traditions or give etymolfogies for the names of local places.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Folk_memory (115 words)

	Folk Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This term alludes to the social process by which folk tales or folk songs are remembered and propagated within a culture.
		Folk servers stream domain objects over simultaneous connections to peers dynamically chosen to shorten access to the authoritative sources for objects deemed interesting.
		Folk memory favors scalability and robustness over accuracy and determinism.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?FolkMemory (168 words)

	a11folk
		In Ireland and Wales the memory is of a pair, in Greece of a male god, and in Britain, Italy and India of a female mother goddess.
		The widespread distribution of folk belief on the ancestry of nobility and of people from a god and goddess pair, extending from Ireland and Wales, through Greece and Turkey, on into India, again provides evidence for a common source in the remote past.
		Their prominent social position and elevated role is indicated by their memory as the parental stock of a long line of nobility extending down to modern times.
	www.world-destiny.org /a11folk.htm (2300 words)

	ECHO IV/2: Seeger
		His five-volume anthology of the folk music of the United States, from recordings in the Library of Congress, was a milestone.
		On the American Memory site visitors can explore for themselves the remarkable music as it was actually recorded by the Lomaxes is the 1940s—in the sequence it was recorded, with the shouted questions to the artists and the scrawled notes on the disc jackets.
		My enthusiasm for the American Memory site is not to belittle the work of Rounder Records, but it does suggest there are other methods for organizing information and presenting it than the one produced by the commercial recording industry of the late twentieth century.
	www.humnet.ucla.edu /echo/volume4-issue2/folk/seeger.html (3789 words)

	Fenimore Art Museum - American Memory: Recalling the Past in Folk Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Folk artists express through their art the ordinary and extraordinary events that have shaped their lives and communities.
		Through the process of creating, folk artists make a permanent record of their cultural ideals, experiences, and community heritage.
		Untrained artists of the past and present express memory in ways that are both communal and personal.
	www.fenimoreartmuseum.org /exhibitions/memory.htm (257 words)

	What is "Folk" Music?
		Maybe a good start to defining folk music (as it is traditionally viewed) would be to say that it is music transferred from musician to musician through oral tradition.
		April is particularly interested in this approach to folk music as it relates to her field of study - many ancient religious texts originated in oral cultures and how information and stories are passed down orally is of great professional interest to her.
		In large part this is because one thing his book attempts to do is to explore the ways in which people have used to term "folk music" to defend their particular view of what is "pure" music as opposed to (gasp) "commercial" music.
	home.mchsi.com /~folktales/whatis/whatis.htm (684 words)

	Memory, bottlecap, and popsicle stick pieces at Artisans Folk art, antiques, and outsider art Gallery.
		This is a well constructed memory bottle decorated with multicolor beads, shells, and includes two portions of football trading cards and two collecting cards from the TV shows Knight Rider and Dallas.
		This is a nice memory bottle covered with beads, charms, costume jewelry, and a small assortment of little gimgaws.
		This political memory bottle is covered with Republican campaign buttons, flags, plastic marching band figures, bullets, a soldier, "Official U.S. Taxpayer G.O.P" buttons, and little plastic critters, some with wiggly eyes.
	www.folkartisans.com /pages/memory.html (1649 words)

	Hymnology: Folk Hymnody (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Folk music is distinguished from "cultivated" music by the manner in which it is transmitted.
		Since people hear and perform folk music from memory, a folk song may be sung in highly distinctive ways by different persons, especially if the singers come from different locales and contrasting cultures.
		In hymnology there is generally a distinction between a folk hymn and folk hymn tune.
	www.smithcreekmusic.com /Hymnology/Folk.Hymnody/Folk.hymnody.html (163 words)

	Amazon.com: Romancing the Folk: Public Memory and American Roots Music (Cultural Studies of the United States): Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And with the establishment of Folklore in the Academy of Letters, the annual Folk Festival is born, largely again, through the aegis of the Smithsonian---yet another example of government sponsorship and cultivation of Kulturvolk as national basis, continuing to the present day.
		The modern day so-called "folk revival" is born as well through the efforts of Pete Seeger, who carried on the functionalist tradition of the Lomaxes in his efforts.
		Folk cultures have literally become American cultures--in the sense that they may even suck all the air out of that category, leaving little for other than these constructed myths.
	www.amazon.com /Romancing-Folk-American-Cultural-Studies/dp/0807825506 (2620 words)

	AllRefer.com - folk song (Music: Popular And Jazz) - Encyclopedia
		In addition, many American folk songs are of other European or African origin.
		Americans occasionally consider as folk songs certain songs of traceable authorship, e.g., "Dixie."
		BEla BartOk did outstanding work in notating the folk music of central Europe early in the 20th cent., and before him the Russian nationalist composers made use of their country's folk music.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/folksong.html (466 words)

	Art About Florida - HOB Folk 2005 - James Gibson
		HOB Folk Festival was made more exciting by the presences of Secretary of State Glenda Hood; her son, daughter-in-law and friends dropped in on the folk art show.
		Memory painter Bettye Williams had her booth next to James; they are always happy to see each other.
		Bettye is famous for her grove and citrus paintings; however, she does a multitude of other subjects.
	www.highwaymen.bigstep.com /generic71.html (510 words)

	Ned Ludd - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If this account is true then his action — carried through the years in folk memory — was wrongly characterised by the Luddites.
		The character of Ned Ludd has been commemorated in the folk ballad "General Ludd's Triumph".
		Later Chumbawamba recorded a version of this song on their 1985 release, English Rebel Songs: 1381–1985.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ned_Ludd (377 words)

	Louisiana Folklife: Self-Taught Artists
		The art world has generally used the term "folk artist" to refer to self-taught painters working out of the mainstream, such as Clementine Hunter, who depict images from their memory.
		But folklorists use the term "folk artist" to refer to those individuals who are maintaining a tradition from their own community.
		Thus, using this definition, Clementine Hunter is not a folk artist, but rather an untrained painter beautifully expressing her own individual creativity illustrating traditional activities such as cotton picking.
	www.louisianafolklife.org /lt/Articles_Essays/../Self_Taught/creole_self_taught.html (163 words)

	FOLK F722 2436 Folk Commemoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We are aware of the many large-scale public commemorations, but in this seminar we explore a different venue, that of folk commemoration, by which I intend expressions that are likely to exude the qualities of spontaneity and improvisation and to exist for the most part in informal, unofficial, and unscripted manifestations.
		Finally, we place our materials within the larger paradigm of collective memory, viewing folk commemoration as a valuable arena for formulating and probing a viable sense of social connection.
		Readings are drawn from folkloristics, performance studies, the ethnography of speaking, and the literature on memory and history.
	www.indiana.edu /~deanfac/blspr04/folk/folk_f722_2436.html (264 words)

	Folk Music books from The Bomp Bookshelf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Provides insight into why folk and blues are distinct fields of their own but interact in many ways to provide important additions to America's musical heritage.
		He believes that the original folk revival of the '30s and '40s, as embodied in the work of performers like Woody Guthrie and the young Pete Seeger, failed because of its ideological links to left-wing politics, making it anathema to the postWW II generation.
		He also argues that folk music appealed to urban, young, middle-class listeners because it enabled them to act out a mild rebellion against their upbringing and build at least imaginative ties with a purer American culture, nostalgically linked to the past.
	www.bomp.com /BompbooksFolk.html (4556 words)

	Romancing the Folk: Public Memory & American Roots Music. . - book review Radical Teacher - Find Articles
		In Romancing the Folk: Public Memory and American Roots Music, Benjamin Filene aptly demonstrates that, far from being a recent phenomenon, critical inquiry into the nature of authenticity and American "vernacular culture" has been instrumental in the development, dissemination, and evaluation of American roots music from at least the late nineteenth century forward.
		As opposed to an outmoded evolutionary model which saw folk music as relics, functionalism offered an expansive view that saw" the survival of the form of folk expression was not a remarkable fluke but a sign of that form's extraordinary vitality and cultural utility" (138).
		On the other end of the spectrum, academics began to institutionalize folk culture "to establish and codify its methods and standards in the hope that it at last would command the respect of other disciplines and, not incidentally, win the favor of foundations and government grant-giving agencies" (164).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JVP/is_2003_Spring/ai_102119716 (721 words)

	Gadge Maharaj triggers a revolution in rural Maharashtra.
		A folk hero returns to inspire a rural revolution.
		Actually Maharashtra's beloved folk hero of recent times, Gadge Maharaj had died in 1956.
		Gadge Maharaj used to repeatedly declare, "it is the broom that made Gadge Baba." The millions of simple folk who still revere him, may make Maharashtra a different place yet - with that legendary broom in their hands.
	www.goodnewsindia.com /Pages/content/transitions/gmAbhiyan.html (1727 words)

	Notes from the Road - No. 9 - Sandy Ross - Spring '97
		The following is a list of my 1997 Folk Angels, their affiliation with Folk and some small memory that my meeting and getting to know them and their lifestyles has given me. Often times I felt just as I had when I was a kid, on Halloween.
		Sonny Ochs, Middleburgh, NY - FOLK DJ on WPRI - Memory: Cecil and I sitting in her drive listening to and watching the natural three tiered waterfall on the corner of her property.
		Judy Rose, Madison, WI - FOLK DJ, Simply Folk on Wisconsin Public Radio - Memory: Being booked in a God awful place the night her and her husband came to see me and trying to show them new songs they hadn't heard dispite the roar of the "audience" I was trying to perform to unmiked.
	www.mindspring.com /~sandyross/notes/notes18.html (1292 words)

	California Gold: Northern California Folk Music from the Thirties
		The WPA California Folk Music Project is a multi-format ethnographic field collection that includes sound recordings, still photographs, drawings, and written documents from a variety of European ethnic and English- and Spanish-speaking communities in Northern California.
		This elaborate New Deal project was organized and directed by folk music collector Sidney Robertson Cowell for the Northern California Work Projects Administration.
		Sponsored by the University of California, Berkeley, and cosponsored by the Archive of American Folk Song (now the Archive of Folk Culture, American Folklife Center), this undertaking was one of the earliest ethnographic field projects to document European, Slavic, Middle Eastern, and English- and Spanish-language folk music in one region of the United States.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/afccchtml/cowhome.html (258 words)

	Aboriginals Navajo Gallery Page
		Perhaps the most popular genre of Navajo art is that which currently is appearing in significant number — "folk art." This colorful representation of Navajo culture and of the domestic and exotic animals of the world has it own charm and humor.
		From chickens to pigs to zebras and hippos, it is almost impossible to hold or look at these works without generating a smile and special respect for the carver.
		Yet another aspect of sand painting art is "memory aids." These are paintings on muslin, done almost exclusively by the Halate family, of various elements used in creating working sand paintings.
	www.tribalworks.com /NavajoGallery2.htm (475 words)

	Planned Environment Therapy Trust Archive and Study Centre. Publications by Staff. Craig Fees, "Folk Memory in a ...
		The Folklore Society instituted its groundbreaking programme of annual research awards in 1984, and I was fortunate enough to be one of the first two recipients for a project which I called "Folk Memory in a North Cotswold Community", and which basically gave me licence to behave like a community folklorist for a year.
		What would be asked of the children would be that they tap sources of information uniquely available to them: family photographs and documents, the memories of parents, grandparents, and older friends of the family.
		Furthermore, because he is living and working within the community (this, it must be said, is an extrapolation; I was not able to live or work full-time in Campden), the community folklorist is in a position to observe a broader range of phenomena, and to record the transitory or ephemeral.
	www.pettarchiv.org.uk /staffpubs-craig-folkmemory.htm (4701 words)

	CI5472 Teaching Film, Television, and Media
		Another genre central to the development of American music is folk music, made famous by Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger, and Bob Dylan.
		Folk music also draws on early blues; it may difficult to define clear distinctions between early blues and folk music as reflected in the music of Robert Johnson, John Lee Hooker, and Bessie Smith.
		Contemporary folk singers continue the early traditions of openly addressing social and personal concerns of everyday life as expressed in the songs by Altan, the Chieftains, Ani DiFranco, Ry Cooder, Sara McLachlan, Wilco, John Prine, and Los Lobos.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~rbeach/teachingmedia/module9/5g.htm (267 words)

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