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Topic: Folk religion

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	Folk religion information - Search.com
		Folk religion can also be thought of as the practice of religion by lay people outside of the control of clergy or the supervision of theologians (e.g.
		For "folk religion" to be a meaningful category, there must be an institutional religion with a traditional teaching or professional clergy to contrast it against; in cultures that lack these things, it is difficult to speak of folk religion as a meaningful category.
		Folk religion answers human needs for reassurance in times of trouble, and many of its rituals are aimed at mundane goals like seeking healing or averting misfortune.
	www.search.com /reference/Folk_magic (0 words)

	All the Swedish Folk High Schools - Information in English
		On certain conditions courses at folk high schools may be equated, for example, with the upper level of the comprehensive school or with the upper secondary school, which means that these latter courses may qualify for higher education at university.
		A person who has completed a 1, 2 or 3-year course (1) of studies at Folk High School and who has achieved results corresponding to a Pass in the core subject courses at upper secondary school (2) shall be deemed to have basic eligibility for higher education.
		In order to apply for a residence permit for studies at a Folk High School, you must have been accepted to a program of studies and demonstrate that you have sufficient means to support yourself during the entire period of study.
	www.folkhogskola.nu /english.asp?TAB=Swedish (0 words)

	Folk Religion in the Balkans
		Folk Religion in the Balkans (The British Academy Research Project)
		The aim of the present project is to rectify this situation regarding the popular dimensions of the three monotheistic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) in the Balkans.
		Folk Religion in the Balkans is designed to be useful to specialists in cultural anthropology and religious studies as well as scholars studying the beliefs, values and general culture of rural communities in the Balkans.
	echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de /content/religion (686 words)

	Introduction to Folk Religion
		Folk religions synthesize popular beliefs and practices, frequently animistic in nature, that are developed within cultures to handle every day problems.
		In tribal contexts (where people understand themselves to live in terms of an extended family, a clan, and a tribe having a distinct cultural heritage) folk religion frequently exists outside the fold of a major world religious tradition.
		Folk religions may also stand apart from any major religious tradition (like in African Traditional Religions or other traditional tribal perspectives of the divine) but yet incorporate numerous items from many religions.
	www.missiology.org /folkreligion/introduction.htm (575 words)

	Learn more about Folk religion in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Folk religion is a term used to describe a set of beliefs, superstitions and cultural practices transmitted from generation to generation, in addition to the formally stated creeds and beliefs of a codified major religion.
		Folk religion also can be thought of the practice of religion by lay people outside of the control of clergy or the supervision of theologians.
		Folk religion answers human needs for reassurance in times of trouble, and many of its rituals are aimed at mundane goals like seeking healing or averting misfortune.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /f/fo/folk_religion.html (450 words)

	Welcome to My Page
		Folk religion is a faith whose theology, rituals, and officiants are widely diffused into other secular and social institutions.
		Taiwan's difficult pioneer environment of the 17th and 18th centuries created a strong need for religion, and folk religion was the choice of many early settlers.
		In folk religion, the supreme deity is the God of Heaven ??, who is recognized as a personification of justice.
	www.personal.psu.edu /yxh156/Taiwan/taoism.htm (635 words)

	Chinese Religion - MSN Encarta
		Confucianism and Daoism are often regarded or referred to as Chinese religions, but Confucianism is, and Daoism began as, a philosophy, albeit with ritual and cosmological accretions.
		From the earliest times, Chinese religion consisted of the veneration of a pantheon of gods nominally headed by Shang Di (“The Lord on High”), plus ancestor worship, and the prevalent form of worship was ritual offering of food and wine.
		During the Qin dynasty and the Earlier Han dynasty, the religious concerns of the ruling classes focused on the “Mandate of Heaven” and the legitimization of the political structure.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781529660/Chinese_Religion.html (2066 words)

	Taiwan: Religion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Religion in Taiwan is a mixture of folk religion and traditional Chinese religion.
		Folk religion in Taiwan may be described as animistic, polytheistic and syncretistic.
		The Taiwan folk deity, Matsu (Goddess of the Sea) and the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy, Kuanyin, are frequently worshipped in the same temple.
	my.so-net.net.tw /omftw/religion.html (546 words)

	[No title]
		On the canvas of human religious behavior, the concept of "folk religion" or "folk beliefs" is painted in broad and hazy strokes.
		Since the category of folk religion first became widely used as part of a conceptual division of illiterate-peasant and literate-urban societies, it is apt to ask what might have happened to that folk religion in the process of modernization and urbanization.
		Folk beliefs are constantly adapted, added to, and revised, but such evolution occurs less within a specific process of religious indoctrination than as part of the more nebulous process of ordinary consensus-formation, which occurs via the medium of everyday social interaction.
	www2.kokugakuin.ac.jp /ijcc/wp/cpjr/folkbeliefs/havens.html (4989 words)

	Taiwan's Religion
		For example, the Taiwan folk deity Ma Zu, Goddess of the Sea, and Guan Yin, the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy, are often worshiped together in the same temple.
		It embraces some elements of traditional religion, such as a reverence toward heaven and the worship of ancestors, but is primarily concerned with the moral cultivation of the individual in order to establish harmonious relationships with others and society.
		In folk religion, the supreme deity is the God of Heaven, who is recognized as a personification of justice.
	members.tripod.com /kelly_yunya/pages/religion.htm (2074 words)

	Did God Have a Wife? Archaeology and Folk Religion in Ancient Israel.(Book review) - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Dever's interest is not in the "high, normative" religion of Israel that occupied earlier historians and archaeologists, but in the folk religion that, in his view, preoccupied the great majority of the population and was quite distinct from the dominant formal religious practices of the temple that are reflected in the canonical writings.
		In his discussion of Old Testament religion, Dever uses elitist to refer to the urban power structure of priests who imposed formal orthodoxy on the Bible and covered over the richness of folk religion that lived close to the agricultural reality of daily life and kept the predictable routines of creation in its purview.
		Beyond the issue of folk religion and elitism in the Old Testament, Dever's advocacy may be of interest as the elitist Democratic Party tries to interface with folk religion in contemporary U.S. politics.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-143720825.html (1342 words)

	Major Religions Ranked by Size
		From an academic, comparative religions viewpoint, there is no basis for "prescribing" whether it is better for a religion to be highly unified, cohesive, monolithic, and lacking in internal religious diversity, or whether it is better to be fragmented, schismatic, diverse, multifaceted and abounding in variations on the same theme.
		Adherents of some tribal religions (such as Yoruba) are sometimes counted simply by counting the members of the tribe and assuming everybody in it is an adherent of the religion.
		As is true with all major religions, there are adherents within all branches of Islam who consider some of or all of the other branches heterodox or not actually part of their religion.
	www.adherents.com /Religions_By_Adherents.html (11836 words)

	Introduction to Folk Religion
		Folk religions synthesize popular beliefs and practices, frequently animistic in nature, that are developed within cultures to handle every day problems.
		In tribal contexts (where people understand themselves to live in terms of an extended family, a clan, and a tribe having a distinct cultural heritage) folk religion frequently exists outside the fold of a major world religious tradition.
		Folk religions may also stand apart from any major religious tradition (like in African Traditional Religions or other traditional tribal perspectives of the divine) but yet incorporate numerous items from many religions.
	missiology.org /folkreligion/introduction.htm (575 words)

	Chinese Folk Religion
		Chinese folk religion also retains traces of some of its ancestral neolithic belief systems which include animal worship, as well as the worship of the sun, moon, earth, the heavens, and various stars.
		Chinese traditional religion (a term often used synononymously with the term "Chinese folk religion"), is a loosely-connected system of practices and beliefs that has been practiced by large segments of the Han Chinese population of China from the early period of Chinese history up to the present.
		The absence of a proper name for this religion, associated with the absence of any canonical literature, have for a long time caused Chinese folk religion to be viewed by Westerners as a popularized version of an "authentic" religion, in the same way that the cult of the saints is viewed.
	stayawayibite.mydeardiary.com /entry.html?de_key=2034678 (1739 words)

	website
		Due to the excellent freedom of religion, allowed by the ROC government which is guaranteed to the Taiwanese people, there is truly a wide variety of religions within Taiwan.
		In 1985, thirty percent of Taiwan’s population actively participated in organized religion and eighty-five percent adhered to folk religion.
		It is now believed in the Buddhist religion that by living with five basic Precepts: not to kill, not to steal, not to be unchaste, not to drink intoxicants, and not to lie, along with practice and Enlightenment, one leads to Nirvân.a.
	www.ri.net /schools/East_Greenwich/Cole/taiwanreligion.html (756 words)

	Arthur M Jackson - Science of Ethics.
		However, the area of folk religion (Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.) up to this point has resisted adopting the methods of science, therefore, their ethical guidance often causes more harm than good.
		Folk religions fail humanity because they utilize the "tribal" propensities, primarily the propensity to believe in magic and the power of wishing.
		For folk religions the usual answer to the question, what is the meaning of life, has a mystical or obscurantist focus which has only been satisfactory because it taps into the genetic propensity to believe in magic and in the power of wishing.
	www.arthurmjackson.com /Mentor.html (2445 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Folk society is 'small, isolated, nonliterate and homogeneous, with a strong sense of group solidarity...
		In a wider sense, folk religion is the appropriation of religious beliefs and practices at a popular level.
		This may occur as much in urban as in rural environments, and may also be the way in which individuals or groups belonging to mainstream religions practise their religion: it may be at considerable variance from what is officially supposed to be the case, and is thus also referred to as non-official religion.
	www.philosophy-religion.org /world/peasant.htm (387 words)

	Amazon.com: Greek Folk Religion: Books: Martin P. Nilsson
		_Greek Folk Religion_ is not simply a listing of facts about the popular religion of ancient Greece; it is a compelling look at what it was actually like to be religious as an ancient Greek.
		For an in-depth, detailed, painstaking account, you will have to look elsewhere, but this is the sort of book that will spark an interest in Greek folk religion and make you genuinely want to browse through dry and dusty tomes to follow up on something Nilsson doesn't have time or space to examine.
		I found this book to be a good contrast to the usual subject of the city religions, which mostly focus on Athens.
	www.amazon.com /Greek-Folk-Religion-Martin-Nilsson/dp/0812210344 (0 words)

	Chinese Religion - ReligionFacts
		Instead, "Chinese religion" is a general term used to describe the complex interaction of different religious and philosophical traditions that have been especially influential in China.
		Although other religious traditions have been influential in China, Chinese religion is primarily composed of four main traditions: Chinese folk religion, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
		Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, each of which is a significant part of Chinese religion, are treated in their own sections on ReligionFacts.
	www.religionfacts.com /chinese_religion (164 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Chinese folk religion is composed of a combination of religious practices, including Confucianist ceremonies, ancestor veneration, Buddhism and Taoism.
		Chinese folk religion also retains traces of some of its ancestral neolithic belief systems which include the veneration of (and communication with) the sun, moon, earth, the heaven, and various stars, as well as communication with animals.
		The absence of a proper name for this religion, associated with the absence of any canonical literature, have for a long time caused Chinese folk religion to be viewed by Westerners as a popularized version of an "authentic" religion, in the same way that the cult of the saints is viewed.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Chinese_folk_religion (486 words)

	Asatru Folk Assembly (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Religion is nothing more than a set of beliefs and practices, which can be adopted as easily as we buy a new car, and changed for a new one even more easily.
		Religion is not something apart from the life of the group; indeed, it is one more manifestation of the group's existence.
		Religion springs from the very nature of the people and is an expression of the totality of their experience from the beginning of time.
	www.runestone.org /flash/folk_religion.html (593 words)

	BBC - Religion & Ethics - Religions
		Candomblé is a religion based on African beliefs which is particularly popular in Brazil.
		Japanese folk tradition and ritual with no founder or single sacred scripture.
		The religion founded by Guru Nanak in India in the 15th Century CE.
	www.bbc.co.uk /religion/religions (197 words)

	Did God Have A Wife? Archaeology And Folk Religion In Ancient Israel
		Ninety-nine percent of the population was rural, and the practice of their folk religion had many more points in common with their goddess-worshipping Caananite cousins than with the cult of Jehovah as practiced in Jerusalem.
		Folk religion is not the religion of the priests and the prophets who left us their deliberate ideology (Dever's terms) in the Hebrew Scriptures.
		At the beginning of chapter 4, Dever describes folk religion as difficult to systematize but having its locus in "any place deemed holy" such as shrines, high places, or local temples.
	www.8notes.com /books/detpage.asp?asin=0802828523&field-keywords=Couperin&schMod=music&type=&sb=s (936 words)

	Content Pages of the Encyclopedia of Religion and Social Science
		In Britain, the term folk religion was used in the 1970s, mainly by Church of England clergy, to refer to members of the population who made "occasional" use of the Offices (baptisms, weddings, funerals) of the Church, in connection with such "occasions" as birth, marriage, and death.
		Thus folk religion refers to the ways in which people within socioreligious groupings and traditions, especially at the level of the household, relate to their local and immediate environment, both natural and social.
		Indeed, a sea change in the study of religion (and society) can be gleaned from the place occupied by "folk religion," both in general and in its particular forms, in Eliade's 1987 Encyclopedia of Religion, compared with its complete absence as an entry in Hastings's 1918 Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics.
	www.hartfordinstitute.org /ency/folk.htm (599 words)

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