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Topic: Folklore of Lancashire

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	Folklore - LoveToKnow 1911
		But folklore is, properly speaking, the "lore of the folk," while Volkskunde is lore or learning about the folk, and includes not only the mental life of a people, but also their arts and crafts.
		The first Folklore Society was founded in London in 1878; similar bodies now exist in the United States, France, Italy, Switzerland and especially in Germany and Austria.
		Other important lines of folklore research in the Golden Bough are those dealing with spring ceremonies, with the primitive view of the soul, with animal cults, and with sun and rain charms.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Folklore (1359 words)

	Welcome to Lancashire,EnglandGenWeb
		It was in the reign of Henry II that Lancashire became definitely the 'County of Lancaster.' Lancashire then is, strictly speaking, a county and not a shire, and it is one of the youngest of the counties.
		According to the 1911 Census, the population of Lancashire was 4,768,474.
		Lancashire Strays / 1881 Census / Kendal and Carlisle
	www.rootsweb.com /~englan (1529 words)

	folklore - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about folklore
		The approach to folklore has varied greatly; the early alternative term ‘Popular Antiquities’ suggests that high value was originally placed on elements showing continuity with archaic traditions, giving knowledge of past events ignored by official or academic history, and providing evidence of legal and religious observances otherwise forgotten.
		Folklore overlaps with ethnography, cultural anthropology, and sociology, but their roots and theoretical concerns are not the same.
		The study of folklore was traditionally concerned with peasant and local elements in modern culture, but has now been extended to cover all classes of popular lore among both rural and urban populations (as in urban legend), and among children (such as nursery rhyme).
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /folklore (365 words)

	Barghest - LoveToKnow 1911
		In Wales its counterpart was Gwyllgi, "the Dog of Darkness," a frightful apparition of a mastiff with baleful breath and blazing red eyes.
		In Lancashire the spectre-hound is called Trash or Striker.
		In Cambridgeshire and on the Norfolk coast it is known as Shuck or Shock.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Barghest (271 words)

	Lancashire: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The northwestern portion of the county is part of the Lake District; in the west and south are lowlands (the Lancashire plain) and occasional moors, with deposits of coal, slate, and sandstone.
		Lancashire in Anglo-Saxon times was part of the kingdom of Northumbria.
		In 1974, Lancashire was reorganized as a nonmetropolitan county.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/lancashire.jsp?l=L&p=1 (1559 words)

	English folklore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		English folklore is the folk tradition which has developed in England over a number of centuries.
		Some English legends can be traced back to their roots, even predating the Roman invasion of Britain, while the origin of others is uncertain or disputed.
		England abounds with folklore, in all forms, from such obvious manifestations as the traditional Arthurian legends and Robin Hood tales, to contemporary urban myths and facets of cryptozoology such as the Beast of Bodmin Moor.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/English_folklore (382 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Lancashire
		Lancashire County in nw England, bordered by Cumbria (n), North and West Yorkshire (e), Greater Manchester and Merseyside (s), and the Irish Sea (w); the county town is Preston.
		The northwestern portion of the county is part of the Lake District ; in the west and south are lowlands (the Lancashire plain) and occasional moors, with deposits of coal, slate,...
		Son of a Lancashire cabinetmaker, he began his career by touring the northern counties, painting portraits for a few guineas each.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Lancashire (617 words)

	42 Bde History
		Significantly throughout 1915, the North Lancashire Brigade, of the 55th (West Lancashire) Division was attached to the 51st Highland Division and played a significant part in that divisions first battle in June 1915.
		The 42nd (East Lancashire) Division fought in Egypt, the Dardanelles, France and Belgium, while the 55th (West Lancashire) Division operated exclusively in France and Belgium, where it established a reputation of being one of the elite divisions.
		Again the 42nd (East Lancashire) Division was one of the first TA Divisions to deploy and in 1940 formed part of the BEF in France.
	www.army.mod.uk /42bde/history.htm (929 words)

	English folklore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		English folklore is the folk tradition which has evolved in England over a number of centuries.
		Some English legends can be traced back to their roots, even as far as before the Roman invasion of Britain, while the origin of others is fairly uncertain or disputed.
		England abounds with folklore, in all forms, from such obvious manifestations as the traditional semi-mystical Arthurian legends and semi-historical Robin Hood tales, to contemporary urban myths and facets of cryptozoology such as the Beast of Bodmin Moor
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/English_folklore (432 words)

	Folklore and Anthropology Syllabus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Folklore items that are collected and published without information about how and when it is used, and by whom, may be interesting but they are devoid of life.
		Folklore should be understood as people create it in their lives, and change it for new purposes and to fit new situations.
		Folklore performance and folklife practices are closely tied to social identities: people constantly define themselves in terms of their skills, beliefs, language, dress, food, and amusements.
	www.utoledo.edu /homepages/nlight/a400flks.htm (3124 words)

	Mythology @ FreshCaffeine.com: European Archives
		This is a monstrous being in the folklore of the county of Lancashire in northwestern England.
		A disease DEMON in the folklore of the Romany Gypsies of Europe.
		In the folklore of this district of Cumberland in the northwest of England, a story is told of the disappearance of a peddler in the nineteenth century.
	myths.freshcaffeine.com /european (4574 words)

	Lancashire Book Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		North-country folklore in Lancashire, Cumbria and the Pennine Dales
		The main focus is on the Lancashire textile industry, the decline of whose India trade during this period was of both absolute and symbolic significance in the history of Indo-British relations.
		The affairs of Lancashire are studied within the broader context of the decline and eventual collapse of the pre-1914 international economic order; the influence of British industrial and financial interests; and the imperatives arising out of massive unemployment in Britian{-63}sic.
	www.california.com /~slassey/booksrev.htm (793 words)

	Society \| Marilyn Floyde
		The dictionary defines it as a musical setting of a text, usually religious, comprising arias, duets and choruses, but I prefer to call them "song stories" since mine are entirely secular and rooted in the history and culture of the local community.
		Weaving the Future is a celebration in song of Lancashire folklore, the history of people and places and their aspirations and hopes for the future.
		Lancashire schoolchildren will take part in a massed choir of some 650 singers, which includes 100 adult amateur choral singers and the 24-strong BBC Singers ensemble.
	society.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5064167-111918,00.html (291 words)

	Lancashire England
		Lancashire is a county of England, bordered by the Irish Sea, and bounded by Cumberland, Westmoreland, Yorkshire, and Cheshire.
		Lancashire is divided into six hundreds, which each contain 27 market towns, 62 parishes, and 894 villages.
		Lancashire is one of the main commercial and manufacturing counties in England.
	members.shaw.ca /vtromp/lancash.html (163 words)

	Black Dogs in Folklore
		Further afield, a particularly unpleasant phantom pooch frequented Peel Castle on the Isle of Man in the seventeenth century and was known as the Moddey Dhoo, or Mauthe Doog.
		Folklore also tells us of some dramatic consequences resulting from the sighting of fl dogs.
		She wins entirely by willpower, and anyone seeing her triumphant attitude might well believe that she is aided by demons, and that all this folklore about fl dogs has some basis in truth.
	www.djmcadam.com /blackdogs.htm (2490 words)

	Cricinfo - Players and Officials - Brian Statham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Though he dipped in and out of the England team, through injuries and the whims of selection, his form remained constant, whether or not it was reflected in the statistics.
		His performances never wavered and Lancashire's were reasonable, although by the end, Wisden said, his decisions "often puzzled".
		Lancashire players and committee stand as a mark of respect for Brian Statham who died today.
	www.cricinfo.com /link_to_database/PLAYERS/ENG/S/STATHAM_JB_01000889 (1679 words)

	Folklore Society publications and books
		Diffused through Lancashire's burgeoning mill towns in the early nineteenth century, in part by chapbooks, the play was performed in the pubs and streets by working-class men (and some women), for whom it was an important way of earning money.
		This rare study of urban folklore explores the interplay between close-knit communities and the development of a literate working-class culture.
		The edited texts are preceded by an introductory essay examining the sources and formation of Murray's "witch-cult" theory, its impact on neo-pagan witchcraft and its reception among folklorists and historians.
	www.folklore-society.com /fls_books.htm (1389 words)

	Lancashire Books
		For far too long, Lancashire has languished under the grimy pall of smoke and muck and mills and mines, smothered by the easy put-down that the north of England is just ‘up there’ and 'grim'.
		Balzac, the great French writer, recognised these affinities and yearnings in the Lancashire people when he had one of his characters declare that ‘Lancashire is the county where women die of love’.
		A nostalgic look back, via old photographs, at the golden age of steam in and around Lancashire, with coverage of the important junctions, sheds and stations within the county, and the locomotives and the crews who operated and maintained them.
	www.nyt.co.uk /Lancashirebooks.htm (1683 words)

	SearyH-K
		Traced by Guppy in Cheshire, Derbyshire, Lancashire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Wiltshire and Worcestershire, by Spiegelhalter in Devon, and by MacLysaght especially in Munster.
		Traced by Guppy thoughout the Midlands and north of England, by Speigelhalter in DEvon, and by MacLysaght in Dublin and Ulster.
		Traced by Guppy in Bedfordshire, Dorset, Durham, Hampshire, Lancashire and Wiltshire, by Spiegelhalter in Devon, and by MacLysaght in Ulster.
	home.thezone.net /~traytown/SearyHK.htm (4681 words)

	The Nineteenth Century: Folklore vs History
		It may be surprising that the folklore of the industrial revolution persists despite its steadily mounting refutation over the last 70 years.
		What is actually much more surprising is that the folklore was being generated at the time of the industrial revolution itself and, more surprising still, that it had its would-be refuters even then.
		And perhaps the main current political function of the folklore of the industrial revolution remains that of legitimising the modern welfare state and its supposedly guiding principle of 'social justice'.
	www.nzbr.org.nz /documents/speeches/speeches-98/nineteenth-century-folklore-v-history.doc.htm (5454 words)

	Internet Archive Search: Lancashire
		A grammar of the dialect of Adlington (Lancashire) - Hargreaves, Alexander, 1872-
		Lancashire and Cheshire Cases in the Court of Star Chamber.
		Lancashire nonconformity, or, Sketches, historical & descriptive, of the Congregational and old Presbyterian churches in the county - Nightingale, Benjamin
	www.archive.org /search.php?query=Lancashire (1034 words)

	Folklore of the Isle of Man - Isle of Man Government Manx National Heritage:
		These are the collected reports of the IOMNHAS Folklore Section as published in Yn Lioar Manninagh 1893-1900, edited by Stephen Miller.
		Sophia Morrison was prominent in the Manx Society, an authority on Manx folklore and editor of ‘Mannin’.
		Born in Germany he moved to Manchester and whilst visiting the Island collected folklore in the south with the assistance of Edward Faragher of Cregneash.
	www.gov.im /mnh/heritage/library/bibliographies/folklore.xml (1499 words)

	A Companion Guide to the Folklore, Myths & Customs of Britain Folklore - Find Articles
		There is, of course, a feeling of gratitude that the study of folklore was established as a discipline, but this is tinged with some regret about just how that discipline was established and the weaknesses in research methods, attitudes and viewpoints that were sometimes carried forward for us to inherit.
		Nowhere are these weaknesses more manifest than in the persistence of the belief that most of our seasonal customs and events have origins in "pagan times." While we have only our forebears to blame for this state of affairs, it is a matter of regret that, on occasions, these forebears are relatively recent.
		By the nature of the material, much folklore literature has a limited readership and those writers such as Ronald Hutton, Theresa Buckland, Juliette Wood and the late Roy Judge, to name but a few who have rightly argued against the ritual origins of seasonal customs, cannot expect a large audience in a wider public.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2386/is_3_115/ai_n8589968 (823 words)

	Stately Homes in Lancashire \| Castles in Lancashire
		Lancashire and Blackpool have an abundance of rich heritage and folklore.
		Once known as the 'Workshop of the World,' Lancashire was where the Industrial Revolution began, two and a half centuries ago...
		Most people in Northern England will have heard of the Lancashire wakes weeks - those occasions when entire towns would close down completely while their populations migrated to the seaside...
	www.visitlancashire.com /site/living-legends (367 words)

	FOLKLORE - Online Information article about FOLKLORE
		children's games in the study of folklore has been recognized of recent years.
		Dalyell, Darker Superstitions; Gregor, Folklore of N.E. of Scotland; the works of J.
		Moon; and the publications of the American Folklore Society.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FLA_FRA/FOLKLORE.html (1912 words)

	FORL - newsletter - page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Following complaints from people in South East Lancashire, including some of our members, we have been informed that this company has adopted a new policy so that their logo reflects the main town of operation, which means that their buses running from their Oldham HQ will bear the logo "First Manchester".
		Our campaign to restore the true identity of Lancashire recently received a boost from Dalton Council who now stamp all their mail with a seal declaring that the town is in 'Lancashire North of the Sands' and the council has generally lent much appreciated support to our campaign.
		Lancashire's Best Kept Village Competition Sadly since 1974 many Lancashire villages have been excluded from this competition which for the past 24 years has been restricted to those villages which lie within the area administered by the county council, and some of these are in Yorkshire!
	www.forl.mcmail.com /page1.html (4518 words)

	BBC - Lancashire Going Out - Celtic Art Exhibition at the Dukes
		The exhibition features a collection of inspirational patterns and motifs which combine traditional Celtic images such as knot work, maze and spiral patterns with a contemporary world-view.
		Mike relates his work to storytelling and the way that we respond to these stories with "child-like curiosity, wonder and a little healthy mischief!" In this way his work incites in the viewer a common sense of custom and folklore.
		Mike Terrett's exhibition is a subtle and intuitive look at the interrelationships between man and nature, as he says, "The Celtic 'way of life' is one deeply interwoven with nature.
	www.bbc.co.uk /lancashire/going_out/2005/01/05/celtic_eye.shtml (215 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: The Lancashire Witches
		Paslew dies cursing Demdike's daughter and “that infant and her progeny became the Lancashire Witches.” The remainder of the narrative is set about a century later, when the ancient witch, Mother Demdike, wields tremendous supernatural power over the area, her evil family challenged only by the rival witches, Mother Chattox and Alice Nutter.
		The Lancashire Witches was to be Ainsworth's last major, national success and marks the end of his literary celebrity, at least in the South of England, although a further twenty-eight novels were yet to be written.
		Regrettably the work was not illustrated by Cruikshank, and remained unillustrated until the third edition of 1854 which contained twelve drawings by Sir John Gilbert, all of which contribute to the fairytale qualities that are often apparent in the text by depicting the witches as pointy-hatted, warty old hags with flying broomsticks.
	www.litencyc.com /php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=386 (710 words)

	Obituary of Alex Helm - Folklore
		The Folklore Society has suffered the loss of a dedicated worker in the sudden death of Alex Helm, who had been a member of its Council since 1958, and in 1968 had been awarded the Coote Lake Medal for outstanding services to folk-lore research.
		Already an active dancer he now began to concern himself with the historical background of the dances and dramatic traditions of his native Lancashire and adopted Cheshire, as engendered not only by beliefs in their luck-bringing powers but by local industries, trades and customs.
		As Mr Opie said, the work was done, and continued to be done without grant-in-aid and in the peculiarly scanty leisure of a school-master in an Approved School; and it was perhaps a solace to abilities which otherwise found little exercise.
	www.shef.ac.uk /~tdrg/Helm/Helm_Obituary_Folklore.htm (649 words)

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