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Topic: Food crop

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Maharashtra Pollution Control Board

Maharashtra

	Are Bioengineered Foods Safe?
		As we have evaluated the results of the seeds or crops created using biotechnology techniques, we have seen no evidence that the bioengineered foods now on the market pose any human health concerns or that they are in any way less safe than crops produced through traditional breeding.
		Henney: The food additive provision of the law ensures that a substance with an unknown safety profile is not added to food without the manufacturer proving to the government that the additive is safe.
		Foods using those oils must be labeled, including using a new standard name that indicates the bioengineered oil's difference from conventional soy and canola oils.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2000/100_bio.html (2751 words)

	CROP DIVERSIFICATION IN VIET NAM - Nguyen Van Luat*
		Crop diversification as understood in Viet Nam is defined as the strategy of shifting from less profitable to more profitable crops, changing of variety and cropping system, increasing exports and competitiveness in both domestic and international markets, protecting the environment, and making conditions favourable for combining Agriculture-Fishery-Forestry-Livestock.
		Crops, fishery and forestry contributed to the national GDP in 1990 to the tune of 40.7 percent, which decreased to 23.5 percent in 1998, although the net value increased by a big margin.
		Crop diversification will be given due attention, because of the requirement of improving consumption patterns, as well as for the benefit of all farmers who comprise approximately 80 percent of the population.
	www.mekongriver.org /cropdivn.htm (3468 words)

	Agriculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many of these specializations have nothing to do with food production, but when specialists such as scientists, inventors and mechanical and chemical engineers devote their efforts to the improvement of farming methods, resources and implements they too, along with those who work the fields and pens, are said to be "in agriculture".
		Apiculture, the culture of bees, traditionally for honey—increasingly for crop pollination.
		Food quality: Ensuring that the food supply is of a consistent and known quality.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Food_crop (3457 words)

	DPRK Briefing Book : Agriculture
		To deal with this chronic food shortage, it is recommended that in addition to providing urgently needed food aid, the International Community enter with the Government into a policy dialogue to set an enabling framework to mobilize the economic, financial and other assistance needed to promote sustainable food production and overall food security.
		Though crop pests and diseases were widely reported this year, their levels of incidence were generally relatively low.
		Food use, based on an estimated population of 23.62 million, and other utilization needs are estimated at 5.100 million tonnes.
	www.nautilus.org /DPRKBriefingBook/agriculture/DPRKCropFood.html (1077 words)

	Dept of Agriculture & Food- About Crop Variety Testing
		Crop trials are carried out in the principal production areas of the country to assess varieties for characteristics of economic benefit to farmers.
		Crops trialled are Cereals (Barley, Wheat, Oats), Grasses and Clovers, Forage Maize, Sugar Beet (in cooperation with Irish Sugar Ltd.) and Potatoes.
		Crop variety trial results are disseminated using the DAF e-zone, publication of Recommended List booklets, articles in the Farming Press, and presentations at Meetings and Open Days.
	www.agriculture.gov.ie /index.jsp?file=crops_and_plants/about_cvt.xml (443 words)

	FAO/WFP CROP AND FOOD SUPPLY ASSESSMENT MISSION TO AFGHANISTAN - 7 July 1999 (FAO/GIEWS)
		However, many irrigated wheat crops in Kabul and Wardak provinces were observed to be suffering from water stress in the critical grain filling stage due to water scarcity, and yields are expected to be reduced by some 6 percent compared to last year.
		Food insecurity in the province of Badakshan, a traditionally food deficient area controlled by the Northern Alliance, is expected to continue as supply routes are blocked in the winter by the road conditions and in the summer by insecurity.
		Food commodities dispatched from the north to Bamyan have to pass through extremely difficult road conditions and at several points transshipment to smaller lorries may be required.
	www.fao.org /docrep/004/x2558e/x2558e00.htm (6688 words)

	Assessments: Afghanistan, FAO/GIEWS Special Alert No. 309: FAO/WFP Crop and Food Supply Assessment Mission to ...
		Area and yield estimates for various crops in different regions were based on field visits involving interviews with farmers and crop cutting where feasible, data generated by survey teams, and discussions with UN and NGO personnel knowledgeable about particular regions and areas.
		Crop husbandry and farmers’ overall economic conditions are among the poorest in the country, resulting in low input use and inadequate means of production and thus in mediocre yields even in normal years.
		In some instances, food convoys have also to be arranged across the front line, involving difficult negotiations with the parties and a high level of risks for the staff involved.
	www.reliefweb.int /w/rwb.nsf/9ca65951ee22658ec125663300408599/ffca60ce6aebcb2e852568f800500ea3?OpenDocument (8611 words)

	ific.org : Crop Composition Database Available Online (NewsBite) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Crop, food, and feed composition studies are considered an essential part of the safety assessment of new crop varieties, including those developed through food biotechnology.
		This database was generated with crop composition data obtained from studies conducted by members of the agricultural biotechnology industry over a number of years at multiple locations worldwide.
		During the development of the crop composition database, ILSI obtained valuable feedback from government agencies, academia, and international organizations that contributed to the quality and usefulness of the database.
	www.ific.org /foodinsight/2003/ja/cropdbnbfi403.cfm (287 words)

	Development Report No.14: Cuba's New Agricultural Revolution: The Transformation of Food Crop Production in ...
		The government's response to the food crisis triggered by the disintegration of the COMECON will be analyzed through an assessment of the numerous efforts that have been initiated to address it, which form integral parts of the larger process of agricultural transformation.
		With the spread of agroexport production, food crop cultivation was increasingly relegated to less fertile areas and cut off from receipt of the resources necessary for its growth and modernization (Williams 1986; Wolf 1969).
		Given that much of food crop production was carried out on peasant farms, their relegation to nonpreferred status meant, at the least, that their production failed to develop at a similar pace to that which occurred on state farms.
	www.foodfirst.org /node/271 (12706 words)

	Pharmaceutical and Industrial Crops Overview
		The developers of pharma crops hope to reduce the cost of producing drugs and industrial chemicals and in some cases make it possible to produce drugs that cannot be made by other means.
		Food and feed crops, particularly corn, are the crops of choice for pharma crop companies.
		Because pharma crops cannot be visually distinguished from food or feed versions of the same crop, the food supply is vulnerable to contamination with drugs and industrial chemicals unless the two kinds of crops can be segregated.
	www.ucsusa.org /food_and_environment/genetic_engineering/pharmaceutical-and-industrial-crops-overview.html (578 words)

	ScienceDaily: Pollinators Help One-third Of The World's Food Crop Production
		Of particular concern in the NRC report was the decline of the honey bee, a species introduced from Europe and a critical pollinator for California's almond industry.
		Of those crops, 13 are entirely reliant upon animal pollinators, 30 are greatly dependent and 27 are moderately dependent.
		The crops that did not rely upon animal pollination were mainly staple crops such as wheat, corn and rice.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/10/061025165904.htm (1216 words)

	Assessments: East Africa Drought, Special Report: FAO/WFP crop and food supply assessment mission to Eritrea
		With 31 000 tonnes of cereal food aid in country or in the pipeline for distribution in 2004, the uncovered deficit, for which international assistance is needed, has been estimated at 417 000 tonnes.
		But in certain areas the crops failed, and in other areas yields were poor compared to expected results, mainly from erratic rainfall (including torrential rain and hailstorm damage) but also from outbreaks of chafer beetles and grasshoppers.
		Other population groups will also need food assistance in 2004 as their food stocks will be exhausted in approximately 4-5 months; these groups have extremely limited coping strategies.
	www.reliefweb.int /rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/fae0a74d024494a749256def00193be1 (1421 words)

	Crop failures
		85% of the WHEAT crop and 75% of the BARLEY crop have withered.
		CHAD - The World Food Programme warned on Friday that 80 thousand Chadians are running out of food in the eastern border region with Sudan and face a desperate struggle to survive unless new donations meet the needs of a rising tide of people driven from their homes.
		Crop forecastsare the LOWEST IN 12 YEARS - Most South Australian farmers are heading for one of their worst years ever, with the emerging drought drastically cutting crop estimates.
	home.att.net /~thehessians/newcropreport.html (19761 words)

	Crop & Food Research homepage
		Crop & Food Research has welcomed a decision by the Environmental Risk Management Authority to allow one of its scientists to set up a contained field test of genetically-modified brassicas in the Lincoln Region.
		Crop & Food Research recorded a 14% growth in revenues during the 2005-06 financial year, but ended the year with a loss of just under $1.5 million, largely due to expenditure associated with its commercialisation programme.
		Consumers, grain producers and the food industry will be the beneficiaries of a new research alliance to speed up the measurement of the glycaemic response of grains, ingredients and processed foods.
	www.crop.cri.nz (1497 words)

	Food crop and taste link needs to be explored
		The link between taste, and the production of a food crop, needs to be explored, claim food scientists on the back of new research into the widely consumed potato.
		According to lead author Matthew Kleinhenz, it may be the glycoalkaloids (natural protective agents in potato plants and tubers), which can impart a bitter taste, that are responsible for the perceived flavour differences, as glycoalkaloids are thought to move from outer (such as skin) to inner (such as flesh) layers of potatoes during boiling.
		For the small study, a panel of fifteen taste testers was asked to evaluate boiled samples of potatoes that had been grown organically with compost, organically without compost or conventionally.
	www.foodnavigator-usa.com /news/ng.asp?id=57754-food-crop-and (565 words)

	EO News: Food-Crop Yields Decline in Future Greenhouse-Gas Conditions - June 29, 2006
		Open-air field trials involving five major food crops grown under carbon-dioxide levels projected for the future are harvesting dramatically less bounty than those raised in earlier greenhouse and other enclosed test conditions – and scientists warn that global food supplies could be at risk without changes in production strategies.
		According to the analysis, published in the June 30 issue of the journal Science, crop yields are running at about 50 percent below conclusions drawn previously from enclosed test conditions.
		FACE technology, such as the SoyFACE project at Illinois, allows researchers to grow crops in open-air fields, with elevated levels of carbon dioxide simulating the composition of the atmosphere projected for the year 2050.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2006/2006062922566.html (565 words)

	Cassava, Africa's Food Security Crop
		New knowledge of the biochemistry of the crop has proved that the proteins embedded in the leaves are equal in quality to the protein in egg.
		Cassava, the neglected crop of the down-trodden, is fast becoming an elite foodcrop in sub-Saharan Africa, thanks to the research efforts of scientists at IITA and national agricultural research systems in the continent.
		However, as a result of the crop's potential in alleviating hunger and malnutrition, rapid multiplication techniques are being developed by IITA scientists to cope with the demand.
	www.worldbank.org /html/cgiar/newsletter/Mar96/4cas2.htm (1226 words)

	EU says no to Monsanto food crop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Europe rejects the entry of a GM food crop supplied by biotech giant Monsanto into the food chain with officials from the 25 member states failing to reach a qualified majority at the vote yesterday.
		The major food use of rape, also known as canola, in North America and Europe is as a refined vegetable oil.
		Argentine or oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is grown as a commercial crop in 50 countries, with a combined harvest of over 40 million metric tonnes.
	www.foodnavigator.com /news/news-NG.asp?id=52912 (586 words)

	ENSET CROP
		In addition, an accurate account of the vital food supply of a country is important to the food security of any people but especially in areas which have experienced food shortages in the past.
		Crops requiring high labour, but which have high production or value are the economic factors that would allow the densly populated areas to survive on small landholdings by generating cash for purchase of needed additional energy foods.
		Enset is utilized during the cropping season food gap, is the source of the high energy foods needed by the farmer and is without the risk of disease or crop loss.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /eue_web/enset96.htm (8010 words)

	Biofuels - Food or Fuel?
		Of the 55 million ha of land area devoted to primary food crops, only 4.1 million ha (7.5 per cent) was used for sugarcane, which represents only 0.6 per cent of the total area registered for economic use (or 0.3 per cent of Brazil's total area).
		Furthermore, crop rotation in sugarcane areas has led to an increase in certain food crops, while some byproducts such as hydrolyzed bagasse and dry yeast are used as animal feed.
		There are many different fuel crops and many different ways of growing them, from the eco-unfriendly, chemical- and energy-intensive industrial farming methods to sustainable methods which conserve or even improve the environment, with equal or higher yields.
	www.journeytoforever.org /biofuel_food.html (2196 words)

	Teff: Food Crop for Humans and Animals
		The principal use of teff grain for human food is the Ethiopian bread (injera).
		While teff has survived for thousands of years as a major food staple for humans and as fodder for cattle, there are some negative aspects to the nutritional value of injera.
		Results of a nationwide survey indicate that this crop is virtually unknown in most states, and that production may be limited to only a few western states.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1993/V2-231.html (2145 words)

	CSS-330 Tentative Lecture Schedule: Winter 2006
		CSS330 is a Bac-Core synthesis course providing a basic understanding of major food crops, their origin, morphology, genetic diversity, adaptation, management, and utilization. The course covers basic principles of crop science and crop improvement and integrate principles from other disciplines toward an understanding of world food production. Subjects areas:
		Choose one food crop and conduct a comprehensive review of that crop and issues related to its production and use for human food. 10 pages in total; typed and double-spaced; (30% of grade).
		Crops and Man. American Society of Agronomy and Crop Science Society of America.
	cropandsoil.oregonstate.edu /wheat/CSS330/syllabus.htm (1264 words)

	Food-crop yields in future greenhouse-gas conditions lower than expected
		CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- Open-air field trials involving five major food crops grown under carbon-dioxide levels projected for the future are harvesting dramatically less bounty than those raised in earlier greenhouse and other enclosed test conditions — and scientists warn that global food supplies could be at risk without changes in production strategies.
		Older studies, as reviewed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, suggest that increased soil temperature and decreased soil moisture, which would reduce crop yields, likely will be offset in C3 crops by the fertilization effect of rising CO2, primarily because CO2 increases photosynthesis and decreases crop water use.
		Long and four colleagues were co-authors: Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, professor of plant biology; Andrew D.B. Leakey, research fellow in the Institute of Genomic Biology at Illinois; Donald R. Ort, professor of plant biology and crops sciences; and Josef Nösberger, professor at the Swiss Federal Institute of Science and Technology in Zurich.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-06/uoia-fyi062606.php (662 words)

	Acacia in Australia: Ethnobotany and Potential Food Crop (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Women are the sole providers of gatherable foods and men the sole hunters and as such, women provide 70% of the total diet of these people in arid Australia.
		Table 2 indicates the number of species of acacia used as a seed food by particular language groups and, conversely, the number of language groups utilizing each species, in central Australia.
		The possibility also exists that if crop yields fall due to senescence, the plants could be cut back to ground level without disturbing the soil and the subsequent regrowth should retain the growth and yield characteristics for which it was originally selected.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1996/v3-228.html (3476 words)

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