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Topic: Foot-and-mouth disease virus

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Foot and mouth disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Infection with foot-and-mouth disease tends to occur locally, that is, the virus is passed on to susceptible animals through direct contact with infected animals or with contaminated pens or vehicles used to transport livestock. There is another viral disease with similar symptoms, commonly referred to as “hand, foot, and mouth disease,” that occurs more frequently in humans, especially in young children; this disease is caused by a different virus of the family Picornaviridae, namely, an Enterovirus called In cattle, foot-and-mouth disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days; blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and to drooling; and blisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foot_and_mouth_disease

hand-foot-mouth disease Fortunately, most hand-foot-mouth infections are caused by the ordinary, benign strain of Coxsackie virus. Complications are quite rare, but one strain of the virus can cause more serious infections. There have been reports of stillbirth in women exposed to Coxsackie virus infections, so some degree of caution in that regard would be wise. www.drhull.com /EncyMaster/H/hand-foot-mouth_disease.html

TEKTRAN Foot and Mouth Disease Research Foot-and -Mouth Disease Virus: the Role of the Leader Proteinase in Viral Pathogenesis Type I Interferon Production in Cattle Infected with 2 Strains of Foot-and- Mouth Disease Virus, as Determined by in Situ Hybridization. This isolated location is only place in the United States where research on foot-and-mouth disease is permitted. www.nal.usda.gov /ttic/tektran/news/footandmouth.htm

Mediscover Infectious Diseases Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) was recognized as a micro-organism causing disease in animals by Loeffler and Frosch in 1898, although the virus was not isolated until the 1930Â’s. These viruses are members of the same family as foot and mouth disease - the picornaviruses. The three-dimensional structure of foot and mouth disease virus www.mediscover.net /Articledet.cfm?ArticleID=87

Defra, UK - Disease surveillance and control - Notifiable diseases - Foot-and-mouth disease Milk from cows in the incubation stage of the disease can contain foot-and-mouth disease virus for a few days before the symptoms become evident. In countries like Great Britain, where the disease arises only as the result of imported infection, the accepted policy is to stamp it out by slaughtering all affected stock and any others which have been exposed to such risk of infection that it is reasonably certain that they would develop the disease if left alive. Mouth symptoms are not usually visible, but blisters may develop on the snout or on the tongue. www.defra.gov.uk /animalh/diseases/notifiable/disease/fmd.htm

FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE FMDV, the virus was inactivated with formalin, and aluminum hydroxide was added as an adjuvant. Mouth lesions are not too common and when they occur are smaller and of shorter duration than in cattle and tend to be a "dry"-type lesion (Fig. Mouth lesions are usually the "dry" type and appear as necrotic epithelium. www.vet.uga.edu /vpp/gray_book/FAD/FMD.htm

Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #4634840 - PURIFICATION OF RADIOACTIVE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS Investigations on the purification of small quantities of radioactively labeled foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus are described. Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #4634840 - PURIFICATION OF RADIOACTIVE FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS The experiments provided substantial evidence that the virus obtained from deoxycholate-treated pellets is free from substances found in uninfected cells. www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4634840

The structure and function of a foot-and-mouth disease virus-oligosaccharide receptor complex -- Fry et al. 18 (3): 543 -- The EMBO Journal Virus uptake may be accelerated further through direct interactions between proteoglycan and integrin receptors. are bound at similar positions in the unliganded virus crystallized Virus was bound to paraformaldehyde-fixed cells for 45 min at embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/18/3/543

Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is an acute, highly contagious picornavirus infection of cloven hooved animals.The virus (FMDV) is sensitive to environmental influences, such as pH less than 5, sunlight and dessication, however it can survive for long period of time at freezing temperatures. People can be infected through skin wounds or the oral mucosa by handling diseased stock, the virus in the laboratory, or by drinking infected milk, but not by eating meat from infected animals. Cattle are mainly infected by inhalation, often from pigs, which excrete large amounts of virus by respiratory aerosols and are considered highly important in disease spread. hoshi.cic.sfu.ca /epix/topics/animal/f_m_d.htm

AllRefer Encyclopedia - foot-and-mouth disease (Veterinary Medicine) - Encyclopedia With vaccines, introduced in 1938, and sanitary controls, foot-and-mouth disease has been excluded or eliminated from North and Central America, Australia and New Zealand, Japan, and Ireland; and occurrences have become infrequent in Great Britain and continental Europe. AllRefer Encyclopedia - foot-and-mouth disease (Veterinary Medicine) - Encyclopedia You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Veterinary Medicine > foot-and-mouth disease reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/footNmou.html

BBC NEWS In Depth Foot and mouth Laws aimed at preventing the spread of foot-and-mouth disease are to set to be relaxed. Foot and mouth rules set to be eased You are in: In Depth: Foot and mouth news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/in_depth/uk/2001/foot_and_mouth/default.stm

MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hand - foot - mouth disease Hand-foot-and-mouth disease is caused by the Coxsackie virus (a member of the Enterovirus family). A physical examination demonstrating the characteristic vesicles on the hands and feet and the history of recent illness are usually sufficient to diagnose hand, foot, and mouth disease. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hand - foot - mouth disease www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000965.htm

Guardian Unlimited Special reports Special report: foot and mouth disease November 23: At least two people died of foot and mouth disease and more than 200 suffered painful symptoms, in a 19th century outbreak that sheds new light on the virus previously thought only to seriously affect livestock. February 19: The pig farmer blamed for starting the foot and mouth epidemic has paid only £60 of the £10,000 legal costs imposed in June when he was convicted of gross animal cruelty and ignoring farm health regulations. November 7: An emergency animal vaccination programme will be adopted in the event of a future foot and mouth outbreak, Margaret Beckett, the environment, food and rural affairs secretary, announced yesterday. www.guardian.co.uk /footandmouth

Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and Mouth disease has also been reported recently in Argentina, India, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and the United Arab Emirates. Certification is required that within 5 days prior to export the horse has not been on any premise or area quarantined or identified to be infected with Foot and Mouth Disease or has been in contact with an animal that has. The USDA has established a Toll-Free Foot and Mouth Disease Call Line at 1-800-601-9327 plus a Web site at www.aphis.usda.gov that includes Requirements for Horses Imported into the US from Countries with Foot and Mouth Disease. horseproducts.stablemade.com /news/Foot_and_Mouth_Disease.htm

DASEES Foot and Mouth Disease, also known as hoof and mouth diseases, is a virus that affects cloven-hoofed animals like sheep, goats, deer, elk and moose. Outbreaks of OIE-list A diseases, such as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Classical swine Fever (CSF) will have severe economic consequences for countries with a high density of animals and farms and an export-oriented production. This serological marker can be of great value in countries where the disease occurs or in the veterinary regulatory arena when livestock are transported across borders, since it can be used to identify convalescent, persistently infected animals and vaccinates exposed to wild-type virus variants which have infected the vaccinated animals. www.fass.org /dasees/animalhealth/foot_mouth.asp

Identification of foot and mouth disease virus carrier and subclinically infected animals and differentiation from vaccinated animals Identification of foot and mouth disease virus carrier and subclinically infected animals and differentiation from vaccinated animals Countries that are free of foot and mouth disease (FMD) are reluctant to use vaccine in the event of an outbreak because of the difficulties this can cause in re-establishing freedom from FMD status to the satisfaction of trading partners. Carriers— Diagnosis — Foot and mouth disease — Subclinical infection — Trade — Vaccination. www.oie.int /eng/publicat/rt/2103/A_r21313.htm

A retro-inverso peptide corresponding to the GH loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus elicits high levels of long-lasting protective neutralizing antibodies -- Briand et al. 94 (23): 12545 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences FMDV, foot-and-mouth disease virus; VP1, viral capsid protein 1; RI, retro-inverso; KLH, keyhole limpet hemocyanin; MAP, multiple antigen presentation. A retro-inverso peptide corresponding to the GH loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus elicits high levels of long-lasting protective neutralizing antibodies -- Briand et al. The first demonstration that small peptides can elicit protective levels of neutralizing antibodies of foot-and-mouth disease www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/23/12545

Foot and Mouth Disease Virus illustration by Russell Kightley Media Foot and Mouth Disease Virus illustration by Russell Kightley Media This illustration shows a simplified view of the replication of the Foot and Mouth disease virus. Foot and Mouth Disease is a major problem affecting many animals of agricultural importance. www.rkm.com.au /VIRUS/FootandMouth

DuPont Animal Health Solutions - Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and mouth disease is the most economically important single livestock disease worldwide and perhaps the most contagious " Harley W. Moon, director of USDA's Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC) in New York. DuPont Animal Health Solutions - Foot and Mouth Disease How to recognise FMD & what to do www.antecint.co.uk /main/foot_mth.htm

Foot and Mouth Disease FAQ and Vaccination Petition Foot and Mouth Disease is NOT harmful to humans. Fred Brown has said that even in tests where huge amounts of live virus had been directly put into a vaccinated animal's mouth (many more times than would be expected in a real situation) the results were negative. Those who have been trained in veterinary science know how the FMD virus behaves. www.rockisland.com /~newmoon/llamas/fmd.html

Ranch & Livestock Links: Livestock/Health and Research/Diseases and Treatments/Foot and Mouth Disease Offering articles in both English and Spanish on Fiebre Aftosa, also known as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). Home : Livestock : Health and Research : Diseases and Treatments : Foot and Mouth Disease Foot and mouth information from the educational charity whose aim is the development and promotion of organic agriculture as the most environmentally sound way of producing healthy food. cattleguide.ranchlinks.com /Livestock/Health_and_Research/Diseases_and_Treatments/Foot_and_Mouth_Disease

Evidence for Positive Selection in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Genes From Field Isolates -- Haydon et al. 157 (1): 7 -- Genetics Evidence for Positive Selection in Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Capsid Genes From Field Isolates -- Haydon et al. Serial passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep reveals declining levels of viraemia over time Communicating editor: S. The nature of selection on capsid genes of foot-and-mouth disease www.genetics.org /cgi/content/abstract/157/1/7

Evidence for Positive Selection in the Capsid Protein-Coding Region of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Subjected to Experimental Passage Regimens -- Fares et al. 18 (1): 10 -- Molecular Biology and Evolution Belsham, G. Distinctive feature of foot-and-mouth disease virus, a member of picornavirus family; aspects of virus protein synthesis, protein processing and structure. Evidence for Positive Selection in the Capsid Protein-Coding Region of the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Subjected to Experimental Passage Regimens -- Fares et al. disease virus (FMDV) subjected to several experimental passage mbe.oupjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/1/10

A multiply substituted G-H loop from foot-and-mouth disease virus in complex with a neutralizing antibody: a role for water molecules -- Ochoa et al. 81 (6): 1495 -- Journal of General Virology A multiply substituted G-H loop from foot-and-mouth disease virus in complex with a neutralizing antibody: a role for water molecules -- Ochoa et al. Mason, P. W., Rieder, E. and Baxt, B. RGD sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus is essential for infecting cells via the natural receptor but can be bypassed by an antibody-dependent enhancement pathway. disease virus (FMDV), has been determined at 2·3  vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/6/1495

Hand-foot-mouth disease Hand-foot-mouth disease is an infection of young children in which characteristic fluid-filled blisters appear on the hands, feet, and inside the mouth. After one to two days, fluid-filled bumps (vesicles) appear on the inside of the mouth, along the surface of the tongue, on the roof of the mouth, and on the insides of the cheeks. The Family Guide to Preventing and Treating 100 Infectious Diseases. www.chclibrary.org /micromed/00050030.html

AVIS - Foot and Mouth Disease - Main AVIS - Foot and Mouth Disease - Main • description of disease and the causal agent Since we put this site up in February 2001, there have been over 7 million visitors. aleffgroup.com /avisfmd

A010 - Foot and Mouth Disease Virus isolation: inoculation of primary bovine thyroid cells and primary pig, calf and lamb kidney cells; inoculation of BHK-21 and IB-RS-2 cell lines; inoculation of mice Carriers: particularly cattle and water buffalo; convalescent animals and exposed vaccinates (virus persists in the oropharynx for up to 30 months in cattle or longer in buffalo, 9 months in sheep). A virus of the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus. www.oie.int /eng/maladies/fiches/A_A010.HTM

Featured Articles on Pigs By Robert Fieldhouse, Ontario Pork - A viral menace called the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus has plagued the hog industry for the past decade, causing major health problems for pregnant sows and piglets - and major economic woes for producers.... By Veterinary Laboratories Agency - This report monitors trends in the major endemic pig diseases and utilises the farmfile and VIDA (Veterinary Investigation Disease Analysis) databases. By Chris Hurt, Extension Economist, Purdue University - In his latest Outlook report, Chris Hurt indicates that the hog industry has emerged from the financial darkness last spring, and that profits have been excellent this summer and are expected to be very good for the next 12 months.... www.thepigsite.com /FeaturedArticle?AREA=FeaturedArticle%26Display=305

WPCS: Ponies and Cobs: Foot-and-Mouth Disease B) The Foot and Mouth Disease virus can be spread mechanically by contaminated equipment, vehicles, or distributed on the feet of horses or riders. A) Horses cannot be infected with the Foot and Mouth Disease virus and are not covered by the Foot and Mouth Disease control restrictions The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic of 2001 is thankfully now behind us. www.wpcs.uk.com /ponies/footmouth.html

SatireWire Foot-and-Mouth First Virus Unable To Spread Through Microsoft Outlook Atlanta, Ga. (SatireWire.com) — Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Symantec's AntiVirus Research Center today confirmed that foot-and-mouth disease cannot be spread by Microsoft's Outlook email application, believed to be the first time the program has ever failed to propagate a major virus. Such an admission would be embarrassing for the software giant, but Symantec virologist Ariel Kologne insisted that no one is more humiliated by the study than she is. "Only last week, I had a reporter ask if the foot-and-mouth virus spreads through Microsoft Outlook, and I told him, 'Doesn't everything?'" she recalled. The company, however, will issue a free VTP patch if it turns out the application is not vulnerable to foot-and-mouth. www.satirewire.com /news/0103/outlook.shtml

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