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	Foot-candle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A foot-candle (sometimes designated footcandle; abbreviated fc, lm/ft², or sometimes ft-c) is a non-SI unit of illuminance or light intensity widely used in photography, film, television, and the lighting industry.
		One footcandle is equal to 10.76 lux, although in the lighting industry, typically this is approximated as 1 footcandle being equal to 10 lux.
		In the lighting industry, footcandles are a common unit of measurement used to calculate adequate lighting levels of workspaces in buildings or outdoor spaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Footcandle (435 words)

	footcandle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A unit of illuminance in the foot-pound-second system of units, the illuminance at 1 foot from a 1-candela point source of light.
		Originally the footcandle was the illuminance at 1 foot from a standard candle, then at 1 foot from an international candle.
		Though not an SI unit, footcandles are still widely used to set lighting levels in architecture, in stage lighting, and in photography.
	www.sizes.com /units/footcandle.htm (93 words)

	How is light trespass measured or calculated? \| Light Pollution \| Lighting Answers \| NLPIP
		Illuminance is measured in footcandles (lumens/square foot) or lux (lumens/square meter).
		One footcandle equals 10.76 lux, although for convenience 10 lux commonly is used as the equivalent.
		An illuminance level of 1 lux (0.1 footcandle) might be acceptable to some and completely objectionable to another.
	www.lrc.rpi.edu /programs/NLPIP/lightingAnswers/lightPollution/lightTrespassMeasured.asp (1123 words)

	Lighting Intro
		Footcandle - English-based unit of intensity of light falling on a surface.
		The "Footcandle" (abbreviated "fc") is the unit of intensity of light falling on a surface, when the foot is taken as the unit of length.
		The "Footcandle" is defined as the illumination on a surface, one square foot in area, on which there is a uniformity distributed flux of one Lumen.
	wolfstone.halloweenhost.com /TechBase/litint_LightingIntro.html (2900 words)

	Campus Lighting Strategy Amendment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Footcandle readings on the Main Campus were compiled by the student chapter of Tau Beta Pi, National Engineering Honor Society, after completion of the 1996 Report.
		Footcandle (fc) readings on the Main Campus and the Oakdale Campus were divided into three groups based on the sidewalk light level standards established in the 1996 Report.
		Security (of which footcandles are part of the measurement), appearance, economy, and minimizing light pollution are all factors in assessing current and future lighting conditions.
	www.uiowa.edu /~fusfsg/campplan/light/light2.htm (2530 words)

	Indoor light for plants - information developed by Dr. Henry Donselman
		The amount of light falling on that one square foot of the sphere is equal to one footcandle.
		One footcandle is the illumination produced by one lumen uniformly distributed over one square foot of a surface, or conversely this is the illumination at the point of a surface which is one foot from, and perpendicular to, a uniform point source of one candela.
		One footcandle is the illumination produced by one lumen uniformly distributed over one square foot of surface, and lux is the illumination over one square meter of surface.
	www.homestead.com /PALM_Doctor/palm15~ns4.html (687 words)

	Lux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The footcandle is an older customary unit of illuminance, still used in theUnited States; for example, it is sometimes referenced in building codes.
		Footcandles and lux are both measuring the samething—illuminance—and can be converted to each other.
		One footcandle = 10.76 lux, and one lux =.0929footcandles.
	www.therfcc.org /lux-38333.html (252 words)

	For People interested in converting to alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, solar power, will find a lot of ...
		A footcandle is defined as the amount of light received by 1 square foot of a surface that is 1 foot from a point source of light equivalent to one candle of a certain type.
		Measured in footcandles (fc or lux in metric), light levels are either calculated, or in existing spaces, measured with a light meter.
		A footcandle is actually one lumen of light density per square foot; one lux is one lumen per square meter.
	www.oksolar.com /technical/lumens-candela.htm (911 words)

	Lux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The footcandle is an older customary unit of illuminance, still used in the United States; for example, it is sometimes referenced in building codes.
		Footcandles and lux are both measuring the same thing—illuminance—and can be converted to each other.
		One footcandle = 10.76 lux, and one lux =.0929 footcandles.
	www.wikiverse.org /lux (406 words)

	Naturallighting.com - Natural Full Spectrum Lighting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Footcandle levels, therefore, while a measurement of light quantity, are not the sole indicator of seeability.
		The footcandle appeared to be an adequate unit at that time, but with the advent of modern light sources, it has become inadequate for determining "seeability".
		Proof that the footcandle does not adequately define light for seeability is documented in research showing that light from high-color-rendering lamps such as Vita-Lite provided equal seeability at 25% to 80% of the footcandle level of a standard high-lumen-output lamp such as cool white.
	www.naturallighting.com /articles_seeability_over_footcandles.cfm (1357 words)

	Prime Color Product 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If the meter is a "footcandle meter," experience teaches the user this sort of thing: (1) a reading of 1 footcandle warns that some difficulty probably will be encountered in reading a newspaper; (2) a reading of 50 footcandles is likely to be comfortable; (3) a reading of 500 footcandles will sometimes seem too bright.
		To compute footcandle level, inputs from the IQ meter's eight eyes are properly weighted according to the prescribed photopic relative luminous efficiency function V-lambda, and the footcandle level incident on the detector-head is accurately computed.
		In a certain lamplight, once the visible watts per square meter and the footcandle level are measured, the quotient (times a constant) yields the visible microwatts per lumen; similarly for violet and ultraviolet "content" of a lumen of that lamplight.
	www.prime-color.com /prod02.htm (6033 words)

	studentfilmmakers.com :: View topic - Footcandles?
		A footcandle is a unit of light measurement, theoretically the amount of light from one candle at a one foot distance.
		A footcandle is a measurement of the amount of light whereas an f/stop is the measurement of the opening of the iris that passes light to the film through optical glass.
		Footcandles are valuable where you are required to repeat the shot for special effects.
	www.studentfilmmakers.com /bb/viewtopic.php?t=609 (554 words)

	LED info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Illuminance is measured in footcandles, which are workplane lumens per square foot.
		FOOTCANDLE (FC): The English unit of measurement of the illuminance (or light level) on a surface.
		One footcandle is equal to one lumen per square foot.
	www.windturbine-1.com /LED/LEDinfo.html (192 words)

	Draft Lighting Ordinance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unless otherwise specified in the following subsections, the maximum light level shall be 0.5 maintained footcandle at any property line in a residential district, or on a lot occupied by a dwelling, congregate care or congregate living structure, and 2.0 maintained footcandles at any public street right-of-way, unless otherwise approved by the county.
		Methods used for calculating the lighting footcandle levels shall be indicated in the application documentation.
		The footcandle array shall be provided in a hardcopy printed format indicating the location and aiming of all applicable illuminating devices covered under the subject application based on the site and/or building arrangement plan complete with consideration of adjoining properties and roadways.
	www.co.chatham.nc.us /BulletinBoardItems/DraftLightingOrdinance.htm (3980 words)

	lighting links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The density of luminous flux on a surface, is measured in lux (one lumen per square meter) or footcandles (one lumen per square foot).
		The unit of the intensity of light at the source equal to the amount of light from the flame of a candle in any direction.
		Footcandle is sensitive to the inverse square law and the angle at which the light reaches the surface.
	www.bnoack.com /lighting/basics.html (301 words)

	Light, Light Bulbs, Emergency Lighting, Ballast, Philips Lighting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A footcandle (ftcndl or fc) represents the amount of lumens falling on an area expressed in square feet.
		One lumen falling on a surface of one square foot produces one footcandle.
		Approximately 10 Lux is equivalent to one footcandle.
	www.bulbs.com /lightingguide/intro.asp (718 words)

	Case History / Parking Lots / High Mast / Arrowhead Stadium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The average maintain light level in the existing parking lot was.6 footcandle with a uniformity of 20 to 1 between poles.
		During the retrofit, Holophane HMSTC10 high mast fixtures with 1,000 watt super metal halide lamps were mounted one for one on the 38 existing poles.
		The prismatic refractor spreads the lamp image so the fixture brightness is less than the cut-off units." Footcandle levels are 1.1 maintained and the uniformity is 2.9 to 1 between poles.
	www.holophane.com /Case/Arrowhd.htm (403 words)

	Joint Public Hearing 4/22/98 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SMITH: The B in that section is 21 legal nonconforming individual luminaires that 22 exceed the footcandle and/or direct light or glare 23 towards streets.
		If you get a 50 1 parking lot that has low footcandles but it's very 2 evenly illuminated, you're going to have the 3 impression of a more lit parking lot.
		PATKE: And another thing would be if 12 you're controlling the lot line or the property 13 line footcandles, it's going to start to limit 14 your poles too because if you get a higher pole 15 you're going to have a hard time controlling that 16 illumination.
	www.gurnee.il.us /plan_comm/pc_minutes/1998/04-22-98-jph.html (12024 words)

	Light Pollution Awareness Group (Malta) -San Juan Capistrano
		The average and/or maximum light illuminance, measured in footcandles, shall not exceed the recommended average or maximum guideline established for the proposed recreational use by the Illuminating Engineering Society.
		Where the light source is visible from outside the property boundaries, such lighting shall not exceed one (1) footcandle as measured at the property line common with an adjacent Private property.
		(1) "Footcandle" shall mean a unit of illuminance on a surface that is everywhere one foot from a uniform point source of light of one candle and equal to one lumen per square foot.
	www.maltastro.org /lpag/Laws/SJuanCapis.html (2658 words)

	LightCalc Lighting Software FootCandle Levels (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		FootCandle levels for various rooms and activities are found by simply clicking on the room or task.
		The Art FootCandle level is automatically calculated for you instantly.
		The FootCandle level can be adjusted for client age, the colors in the room, and counter color.
	www.lightcalc.com /ssfc.html (59 words)

	Village of East Hampton
		FOOTCANDLE ("FC") -- The basic unit of illuminance (the amount of light falling on a surface).
		Footcandle measurement is taken with a light meter.
		One footcandle is approximately equal to the illuminance produced by a light source of one candela in intensity, measured on a surface at a one foot distance from the source.
	selene-ny.org /ords/eh_village.html (3682 words)

	Case History / Libraries/ PrismGlo / New York (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The area involved was the main level of the lending library, which was previously lighted with recessed 400-watt mercury vapor downlights.
		"Footcandle levels in the main floor of the library were low," said David Weiss, senior designer for Xenergy, Inc., the energy management services company that specified the lighting system.
		Holophane's Computer Aided Lighting Analysis (CALA) software was used to determine footcandle levels on both the floor and the ceiling prior to installation.
	www.holophane.com /product/Case/NY.htm (559 words)

	Re: Aquatic Plants Digest V2 #539 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the purpose of my note was to point out that ALL uses of footcandle or lux meters (they look at the same thing using different units) to measure light for plants are problematic - like trying to record high frequency bat vocalizations with a standard tape recorder.
		Lux and footcandle meters are inherently biased because they mimic the human eye's perception of light.
		When measuring light with a Lux or Footcandle meter, it is difficult to know what the significance of "brightness" really is. A "brighter" bulb may just produce more green light, which is nice for viewing but less important for the plants." PAR is expressed in microeinsteins per second per square meter.
	fins.actwin.com /aquatic-plants/month.9702/msg00434.html (564 words)

	AEU-12 Dairy Lighting System for Free Stall Barns and Milking CentersFor Free Stall Barns and Milking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The illumination level in footcandles can be estimated from the rated candlepower of the lamp and the distance from the lamp to the work area.
		Use a single narrow spot or spot lamp for bulk tank inspection that is mounted to the side of the inspection port of the bulk tank.
		Ten to twenty footcandles of illumination in the barn is required.
	www.bae.umn.edu /extens/aeu/aeu12.html (3467 words)

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