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Topic: Football hooliganism

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	Hooliganism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As well as football, hooligans have also attached themselves to other sports, such as rugby and cricket.
		Hooliganism is still covered under the criminal and administrative codes of the Russian Federation and applicable to persons at least 16 years (the age of full responsibility, by Soviet and Russian laws).
		The crime of hooliganism was abolished in China in 1997 with reform of criminal law and was replaced by "disrupting public orders", "causing mass anger", "vandalism", "destruction of public or private property" and other, all punished by prison or death.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hooliganism (1311 words)

	Football hooliganism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Football hooliganism is a distinct form of disorderly behaviour or hooliganism in which participants are supporters or adherents of one or more football clubs or national teams, and is frequently, although not exclusively, evidenced at or immediately before or after matches.
		Hooliganism is said to have made the entrance in Sweden when supporters of IFK Göteborg invaded the pitch, destroyed the goals and fought the police in the end of the football match in 1970 that destined the club to be relegated from the highest league.
		Hooliganism in Denmark is almost exclusively a domestic affair; the traveling supporters of the national team, known as roligans, are as renowned as the Scottish supporters (the Tartan Army) for their peaceful nature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Football_hooliganism (1499 words)

	Football hooliganism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		It appears on the contrary that hooligans descend from all imaginable environments and are not pre-eminently unemployed and such-like.
		Hooliganism or comparable behaviour is also not restricted to a certain city, region, or country.
		Hooligans often resemble other young men who have problems at school and in the family situation, particularly in connection to authority figure relationships (conflict with teachers etc.) while social control for the greater part is absent.
	policestudies.homestead.com /hooliganism.html (3884 words)

	POLICY and INTERVENTION
		Kerr suggests the football hooligan is paratelic dominant, and hence when there are "discrepancies between preferred and actual levels of felt arousal in the paratelic state (as a result of being frequently bored)" (p.
		At one point Kerr seems to suggest hooligans are not proper fans and that the football is contingent to their lifestyle, yet this ignores the powerful relationship between masculine sport, masculine identity and parochial affiliation which seems to be central to any discussion of why hooliganism occurs at football in such a way.
		Kerr explores the relationship between hooliganism and far right activism, and finds that while the leaders of the gangs are motivated by fascist ideology, the average football hooligan is just interested in the fighting and the deviant behaviour.
	www.rdg.ac.uk /RevSoc/archive/volume10/number2/10-2v.htm (1315 words)

	Football Violence in Europe - Executive Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Medieval football matches involved hundreds of players, and were essentially pitched battles between the young men of rival villages and towns - often used as opportunities to settle old feuds, personal arguments and land disputes.
		Football hooliganism is a highly visible phenomenon, as journalists and TV cameras are present at virtually every match.
		Among academics and professionals involved with football, the role of racism and far-right groups in football violence is a hotly debated issue.
	www.sirc.org /publik/fvexec.html (2359 words)

	NCIS \| Football hooliganism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Hooliganism remains prevalent at national and international levels of the game and some hooligans engage in other serious criminal activity such as drug dealing and credit card fraud.
		The orders ban hooligans from the national game and require them to surrender their passports at a nominated police station for a five-day control period during important matches abroad.
		During the control period, suspected hooligans seeking to travel may have passports confiscated and be brought before a magistrate for an 'on complaint' ban within 24 hours.
	www.ncis.co.uk /footballhooligan.asp (217 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Football \| News \| Films revive spectre of football hooliganism
		The impending release of two films dramatising football hooliganism has raised concerns among the authorities and supporters' groups that violence is being glamorised on the eve of a crucial period for the game.
		The Football Factory, a raw examination of the relationships between a gang of Chelsea followers and their violent confrontation with rivals from Millwall, is released on May 14.
		A spokesman for Millwall said: "It's regrettable for a film that casts football and football supporters in a negative light to be appearing on the eve of the biggest game in Millwall's history, and shortly before England fans head off to Euro 2004.
	football.guardian.co.uk /News_Story/0,1563,1208694,00.html (931 words)

	EducationGuardian.co.uk \| eG weekly \| How to explore football hooliganism in the classroom
		Football hooligans are undoubtedly getting younger: a 10-year-old boy was last month convicted of violent disorder.
		By allowing a debate on football hooliganism into the classroom, we are examining a unique and unwelcome facet of British culture that may come to figure in the lives and life choices of our students sooner than we or they might imagine.
		Key stage 2 (age 7-11) Discuss the problem of football hooliganism with students, concentrating on the factors that contribute to civil unrest and the results of riots and street fighting.
	education.guardian.co.uk /egweekly/story/0,5500,1233150,00.html (1251 words)

	Fact Sheet 1: Football and Football Hooliganism: Sir Norman Chester Centre for Football Research: University of ...
		The hooliganism problem in Germany seems especially acute at the moment given the strains of re-unification and the alleged involvement of neo-fascist groups in football disorder in that country.
		Hooligans, like other fans, seek 'peak' or 'flow' experiences through their involvement in football; unlike other fans, however, they reject the vicarious role of a football supporter in favour of a more active and rewarding role as a direct participant in spectator confrontations.
		The Football Unit was established in 1989 as a centre for the collation of evidence and intelligence on 'serious and persistent hooligans'.
	www.le.ac.uk /footballresearch/resources/factsheets/fs1.html (8887 words)

	onkelzforum.de \| Sport \| Hooligans
		Football hooliganism is very difficult to define, mainly because the media have been extremely flexible and indeterminate in ascribing the "hooligan" label to different incidents.
		It is impossible to claim that all "football hooligans" are of a certain age or class or possess a particular "psychological make-up".
		Football hooliganism was one of the first issues to attract academics to the study of football, with sociologists, historians and psychologists developing hypotheses explaining why football hooliganism continues to occur.
	www.onkelzforum.de /thread.php?goto=nextnewest&threadid=5752 (2055 words)

	Football hooliganism
		The Assembly considers that football hooliganism is a threat to the sport and that more efforts will have to be made to reduce hooliganism and prevent the occurrence of incidents such as those at the 1998 World Cup in France.
		A long-term solution for football related violence had to be based on education for young people in general, on the social integration of hooligans and on co-operation with supporter groups, clubs and the police.
		Football matches were often described in an almost military way but this was considered as part of the whole culture of football.
	gevaarbeheersing.homestead.com /files/edoc8553definitief.htm (9949 words)

	Ultras - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Not to be confused with the British football firm and Casual cultures, although some of their supporting style is imitated.
		Each group has several football chants, mostly to their team, others for players and staff and finally, some reserved for their rivals.
		Fierce rivalries between football clubs and its Ultra groups can be found all over the world, though most of the big ones are located in Europe and South America.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ultras (1479 words)

	Football Violence in Europe - Media coverage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Whilst open condemnation of hooligans is the norm across the media, it has been argued that this sensationalist style of reporting presents football violence as far more of a concern than it actually is, elevating it to a major social problem'.
		Evidently, social explanations of football violence do not make great headlines and it is rare that a report of football violence in the popular press will include such an insight, if it does it tends to be a short remark, buried away at the end of the article.
		There is considerable evidence to support the claim that football hooligans enjoy press coverage and positively attempt to obtain coverage of themselves and their group.
	www.sirc.org /publik/fvmedia.html (3470 words)

	The Sport Journal: Volume4, Number3,Summer 2001:British Soccer Superhooligans: Emergence and Establishment: 1982-2000
		Some of the most notorious hooligan groups such as ‘Combat 18' are small in size, but make up for this lack of stature by their level of violence which included the killing of a West Ham fan by throwing him from a moving train.
		Although some of the superhooligans have prior soccer hooligan convictions many of them do not, and one of the characteristics of the new breed of soccer hooligans is their ability to escape police attention and capture.
		By defining match days and football grounds as times and places in which fighting could be engaged in and aggressive forms of masculinity displayed, the media, especially the national tabloid press, played a part of some moment in stimulating and shaping the development of soccer hooliganism (p.
	www.thesportjournal.org /2001Journal/Vol4-No3/soccer-hooligans.asp (3545 words)

	EUROPA - Justice and Home Affairs - Football hooliganism – Police co-operation in the EU
		In addition, the European Commission is focusing its attention on specific violence prevention measures, in particular the perennial problem of football hooliganism, and these led to the introduction of EU-level measures.
		In 2002, a Council decision established a network of national football information points of which theobjective is to improve the co-operation and the information exchange between police forces and other competent authorities combating football-related violence.
		European co-operation in the fight against football hooliganism first began after the Heysel stadium tragedy in 1985, and is based mainly on the 1985 Council of Europe Convention on Spectator Violence and Misbehaviour at Sports Events.
	europa.eu.int /comm/justice_home/fsj/police/hooliganism/wai/fsj_police_hooliganism_en.htm (769 words)

	CNN.com - Football hooliganism a mug's game - February 27, 2002
		The mayhem is a scene from a controversial computer game featuring European football hooligans that has taken Europe by storm, becoming a bestseller in Belgium and the Netherlands.
		Called "Hooligans Storm over Europe", the game appears based on some of the ugly events that characterized the 2000 European football championships.
		Already, the Japanese public is already bracing for an onslaught from hooligans and authorities are tightening up and preparing for the worst.
	www.cnn.com /2002/TECH/02/27/hooligans.asia/index.html (564 words)

	Football hooliganism in Europe - Soccer Violence - Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Football hooliganism in Europe - Soccer Violence - Contents
		Marsh, P., Fox, K., Carnibella, G., McCann, J. and Marsh, J. Football Violence in Europe.
		All enquiries and comments should be directed to Dr Peter Marsh.
	www.sirc.org /publik/football_violence.html (50 words)

	Soccer Hooliganism, Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Heart of a hooligan: a story of vanity, anger and a sudden moving of goalposts.
		Policing football hooliganism: the government reply to the second report from the Home Affairs Committee, session 1990-91, HC 001.
		Football on trial: spectator violence and development in the football world.
	users.skynet.be /terrorism/html/hooliganism.htm (1533 words)

	EUROPA - Justice and Home Affairs - Football hooliganism
		Football hooliganism – Police co-operation in the EU EU promoting violence prevention standards for sporting events
		Council Resolution of 9 June 1997 on preventing and restraining football hooliganism through the exchange of experience, exclusion from stadiums and media policy.
		Council resolution of 21 June 1999 concerning a handbook for international police cooperation and measures to prevent and control violence and disturbances in connection with international football matches.
	europa.eu.int /comm/justice_home/doc_centre/police/hooliganism/wai/doc_police_hooliganism_en.htm (358 words)

	spiked-life \| Column \| The hooliganism hype
		The ever-widening definition of hooliganism means that many relatively harmless misdemeanours - such as drunkenness, running on to the pitch, ticket touting, obscene gestures, and offensive chanting - are counted in the NCIS arrest figures.
		One in 10 football arrests is for running on to the pitch, which means that people like Nicholas Gale, the Crystal Palace fan who was given a three-year ban just for dancing on to the pitch to celebrate a goal in an FA Cup tie against Sunderland, are branded as football hooligans (5).
		Since it is illegal to be drunk or in possession of alcohol on a football coach or train, to enter a stadium drunk, or to drink alcohol within view of the pitch, it's a wonder that more people aren't arrested.
	www.spiked-online.com /Articles/00000002D208.htm (675 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Football \| News \| When did football hooliganism start?
		Football and violence go way back - at least seven centuries back, in fact.
		In 1314, for instance, Edward II banned football - at that stage a nasty free-for-all involving rival villages fly-hacking a pig's bladder across the local heath - because he believed the disorder surrounding matches might lead to social unrest or possibly even treason.
		In the 1955-56 season, Liverpool and Everton fans were involved in several train-wrecking incidents and by the 1960s an average of 25 hooligan incidents a year were being reported - and hooliganism as we know it had been born.
	football.guardian.co.uk /news/theknowledge/0,9204,618130,00.html (1013 words)

	Hoolifan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		From his first visit to a football ground in the early 1960's, he charts his development from a rattle-waving child, through to a fully-fledged member of the notorious
		This is not just another book on the well-trodden subject of football holliganism as, unlike previous authors, Martin King makes no attempt to distance himself from the violence and leaves the reader to draw his own conclusions.
		is destined to do more to place the phenomenon of football hooliganism in its true social context than any previous work.
	ds.dial.pipex.com /town/way/yws37/main.shtml (200 words)

	References (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Football spectator behaviour in Argentina: A case of separate evolution.
		Ingham, R. (1978) Football Hooliganism: The Wider Context, London: Inter-Action Imprint.
		Stokvis, R. (1991) "Football hooliganism in the Netherlands", Amsterdams Sociologisch Tijdschrift, 18, 3, pp. 165-188
	www.hooligansfootball.homestead.com /References.html (1936 words)

	CBBC Newsround \| BEHAVIOUR RISKS \| Football hooliganism
		This activity allows students to evaluate the problem of hooliganism and its possible solutions.
		Ask the class for examples of hooliganism that they know or have heard about.
		The Heysel disaster of 29 May, 1985, led to the deaths of 39 fans and a five-year blanket ban on English clubs in European football.
	news.bbc.co.uk /cbbcnews/hi/teachers/pshe_11_14/subject_areas/behaviour_risks/newsid_2956000/2956452.stm (544 words)

	Tough measures tackle football hooliganism
		More football hooligans were arrested last season as a result of tough legislation and targeted policing, Home Office Minister Hazel Blears announced today.
		There were 267 arrests at international games last year, with nearly half of those made during the England v Turkey Euro 2004 qualifier game in Sunderland in June.
		Good co-operation between the government, police and football authorities have ensured that most games remain trouble-free, with an average of less than two arrests per game.
	www.number-10.gov.uk /output/page4359.asp (281 words)

	Sociology « Academic Study « Soccer « Sports
		Football Unites - Racism Divides - An anti-racist project, supported by Sheffield United Football Club, to rid football of racism and to increase the participation of ethnic minority groups in the game.
		Football Hooliganism in Europe - Provides a historical overview and includes discussion of cross-national variations, media coverage, racism and alcohol.
		Soldiers, Sashes and Shamrocks: Football and Social Identity in Scotland and Northern Ireland - Extended article examining the extent to which clubs are used by various social groups for the expression of certain elements of their identities.
	www.localadsearch.com /Sports/Soccer/Academic_Study/Sociology (179 words)

	Football Research Organisatiion UK (FROUK) 2002
		Welcome to the site that aims to assist Students, Academics and anyone interested in football related issues. This site is designed as a free site to help people in their research or interest. Please look at links and explore the site thoroughly. You will find many e-mail opportunities.
		Below is a link to true hooligan sites. Please be aware that FROUK and Robin Manser can not be held responsible for opinions expressed in linked sites. Nationalist language may be used but is not condoned.
		Please note: Although this site is mainly concerned with English hooliganism it is also concerned with other areas in the UK and the rest of the world!
	www.hooligansfootball.homestead.com (498 words)

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