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Topic: Foramen of Magendie

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1963

Pope Paul VI

	François Magendie (www.whonamedit.com)
		Magendie was the son of the surgeon Antoine Magendie and Marie Nicole de Perey.
		Magendie concluded that the absorption of liquids and semiliquids is not a vital and physically inexplicable function of the lymphatics but a simple physico-chemical phenomenon of the imbition of tissues and of passage through vascular walls.
		Magendie showed that the epiglottis is not necessary for swallowing, which disproved the accepted doctrine that the epiglottis was necessary to cover the glottis to prevent food from entering the trachea.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/2104.html (3226 words)

	eMedicine - Dandy-Walker Malformation : Article by Lutfi Incesu, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Absence of the foramina of Luschka and Magendie
		Benda CE: The Dandy-Walker syndrome or the so-called atresia of the foramen of Magendie.
		Taggart JK, Walker AE: Congenital atresia of the foramens of Luschka and Magendie.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic206.htm (4450 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The foramen of Luschka and foramen of Magendie are small foramina in the 4th ventricle that allow the CSF to leave the ventricular system and enter the subarachnoid space.
		Foramen cecum is a small hole in the frontal bone near the anterior end of the crista galli--it transmits an emissary vein.
		The third ventricle, lateral ventricle, and interventricular foramen are proximal to the blockage of CSF; fluid circulates from the lateral ventricles, through the interventricular foramen, to the third ventricle before reaching the cerebral aqueduct.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~benwei/cgi-data/shared/linked/Scalp(PQ).doc (3028 words)

	The Foramen of Magendie
		In 1809, Magendie made his debut in academic medicine with a criticism of the inexactness of the science of physiology, and from thence onwards was an exponent of the experimental method.
		Magendie became well known in England from the controversy over whether it was he or Charles Bell who first described the separate motor and sensory functions of the spinal nerves.
		In 1967, however, Coben reported absence of a foramen of Magendie in the dog, cat, rabbit and goat (5), and Cammermeyer, in 1971, reported on the comparison of median and caudal apertures in the fourth ventricle roof in rodents and primates (6).
	www.badgerwood.co.uk /FrancoisMagendie.html (2716 words)

	Medical Glossary
		Dandy Walker: A syndrome characterized by hydrocephalus in infants associated with an abnormal closure of the passage at the foramina of Luschka and Magendie.
		Foramen: An opening usually in a bone or organ of membrane (plural is foramina).
		Foramen Magnum: A large opening in the base of the skull through which the spinal cord becomes continuous with the medulla oblongata.
	www.asap.org /articles/glossary.html (3646 words)

	François Magendie Biography \| World of Scientific Discovery
		François Magendie was born on October 6, 1783, the son of a surgeon who was known for his radical views and his active support of the French Revolution.
		Magendie devoted much of his time to studies on the nervous system and, in 1822, published a classic paper in which he distinguished the separate motor and sensory roots of the spinal nerves.
		Magendie also was the first person to describe cerebrospinal fluid and a foramen (natural hole) in the brain, now called the foramen of Magendie.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/francois-magendie-wsd (535 words)

	Foramen of Magendie - Talk Medical
		Foramen of Magendie: An opening from the fourth ventricle, which is one in a system of four communicating cavities called ventricles within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
		It extends from the aqueduct of the midbrain to the central canal of the upper end of the spinal cord with which it communicates by the two foramina (openings) of Luschka and the foramen (opening) of Magendie.
		The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which is formed by structures called choroid plexuses located in the walls and roofs of the ventricles.
	www.talkmedical.com /medical-dictionary/5774/Foramen-of-Magendie (252 words)

	Foramen
		Although a foramen is usually through bone, it can be an opening through other types of tissue, as with the foramen ovale in the heart.
		An oval opening between the two upper chambers of the heart (the atria) that is a normal feature of the fetal and neonatal (newborn) circulation.
		An opening between the lateral and third ventricles in a system of four communicating cavities within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
	www.healthdictionary.info /Foramen.htm (854 words)

	Median aperture
		The Median Aperture of the brain (apertura medialis ventriculi quarte) or Foramen of Magendie is an opening in the hollow nerve tube, connecting the 4th ventricle of the brain with the subarachnoid space.
		The median aperture along with the paired lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka) are the primary routes for cerebrospinal fluid to escape into the cerebellomedullary cistern.
		The Foramen of Magendie is named for FranГ§ois Magendie, who first described it.
	www.mrsci.com /Central-Nervous-System/Median_aperture.php (86 words)

	Ventricles
		The Aqueduct of Sylvius is a narrow channel in the midbrain through which cerebrospinal fluid flows from the third into the fourth ventricle.
		The Foramen of Monro is a small opening between the lateral and third ventricles.
		The Foramen of Lushka is an opening in the wall of the lower fourth ventricle through which cerebrospinal fluid flows into the cisterna magna (space around lower brainstem and upper spinal cord).
	uscneurosurgery.com /infonet/glossary/v/ventricles.htm (361 words)

	Table of Contents
		Idiopathic stenosis of the foramina of Magendie and Luschka is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus involving the four ventricles.
		Postoperative MR images demonstrated regression of the hydrocephalus (mean transverse diameter of third ventricle 7.01 mm; mean sagittal diameter of fourth ventricle 16.6 mm; and mean ventricular volume 79.95 ml), resolution of dilation of the foramen of Luschka, and good patency of the ventriculostomy (flow sequences).
		endoscopic ventriculostomy, obstructive hydrocephalus, foramen of Magendie, foramen of Luschka
	www.thejns-net.org /jns/issues/v98n4/abs/n0980897_r.html (323 words)

	www.patientcenters.com -- Hydrocephalus Centeri -- What is Hydrocephalus
		The ventricular foramina consist of the intraventricular foramina (or the foramen of Monro), which connect the lateral ventricles with the third ventricle, and the foramina of Luschke and Magendie (located in the fourth ventricle) which provide a means for CSF to exit the ventricular system.
		The foramen of Magendie protrudes from the back, and the foramina of Luschke extend from each side of the fourth ventricle.
		The foramina of Luschke and Magendie are passages where CSF exits the ventricular system over the cerebellum into the subarachnoid space and down to the spinal cord.
	www.oreilly.com /medical/hydrocephalus/news/whatishydro.html (5879 words)

	Magendie's foramen (www.whonamedit.com)
		The fourth ventricle is one in a system of four communicating cavities called ventricles within the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord.
		Magendie's foramen is in front of the cerebellum and behind the pons varolii, connecting the ventricle with the subarachnoidal space medially, draining fourth ventricle posteroinferiorly into cerebellomedullary cistern
		The foramen of Luschka is the lateral aperture, a paired foramina draining fourth ventricle laterally into the subarachnoidal space.
	www.whonamedit.com /synd.cfm/2388.html (184 words)

	Median aperture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The arrow is in the foramen of Majendie.
		The median aperture of the brain (or foramen of Magendie) is an opening in the hollow nerve tube, connecting the fourth ventricle of the brain with the subarachnoid space.
		The median aperture, along with the paired lateral apertures (foramina of Luschka) are the primary routes for cerebrospinal fluid to escape into the cisterna magna.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Median_aperture (156 words)

	Radiology, University of Rochester Medical Center
		They arise from the ependymal lining of the floor of the 4th ventricle and grow into the cerebellopontine angle and extend posteroinferior through the foramen of Magendie into the cisterna magna [3].
		Symptoms of an ependymona are clinical manifestations of the increase intracranial pressure, hydrocephalus, and involvement of the cerebellum [4].
		The most important feature of ependymonas is the extension through the foramen of magendie and foramen magnum into the dorsal cervical subarachnoid space behind the cervical spinal cord [4].
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /smd/Rad/neurocases/Neurocase66.htm (625 words)

	A New View of the Neonatal Brain: Clinical Utility of Supplemental Neurologic US Imaging Windows -- Di Salvo 21 (4): ...
		The foramen of Magendie is a normal posteroinferior midline
		Dilated foramen of Magendie in a 29-week-old infant with grade 3 intraventricular hemorrhage.
		The foramen is prominent in this case due to posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/21/4/943 (6396 words)

	csf-cir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		CSF then leaves the ventricular system at the level of the medulla oblongata through 3 apertures; the midline foramen (of Magendie) and the paired lateral foramina (of Lushka).
		From the lateral foramina of Lushka and the cisterna pontis, CSF flows anteriorly along the base of the brain and ascends slowly along the Sylvian fissure and the lateral convex and medial surfaces of the hemispheres.
		From the midline foramen of Magendie and cisterna magna CSF flows forward over the cerebellar hemispheres toward the tentorial incisure and also downward into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/medicine/anatomy/csf-cir.htm (393 words)

	MR Ventriculography for the Study of CSF Flow -- Joseph et al. 24 (3): 373 -- American Journal of Neuroradiology
		Note contrast material exiting the fourth ventricle through the foramen of Magendie into the cisterna magna (arrow).
		G, Axial MR ventriculogram shows contrast material in the lower fourth ventricle exiting the foramen of Magendie.
		There is minimal contrast material in the third ventricle, suggesting a partial block in the right foramen of Monro.
	www.ajnr.org /cgi/content/figsonly/24/3/373 (1198 words)

	NursingCredits.com: Nursing certification credits for Nursing technicians and professionals
		Cerebral spinal fluid is mainly formed by the choroid plexus, which are infoldings of blood vessels covered by a thin tissue called pia and are located in the four ventricles of the brain — the largest of which are found in the lateral ventricles.
		From the fourth ventricle, the CSF then passes through the foramen of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie to enter the subarachnoid space that externally bathes the cerebral structures of the brain and spinal cord.
		Hydrocephalus due to a Dandy-Walker Malformation is caused by a blockage of CSF flow from the fourth ventricle out through the foramen of Luschka and the foramen of Magendie.
	e-edcredits.com /NursingCredits/article.asp?TestID=34 (3239 words)

	Spina Bifida Family Support (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Therefore, the lower incidence of hydrocephalus was postulated to be caused by the absence of the obstructing effect of the hindbrain hernia at the level of the foramen magnum to the flow of CSF.
		Relevant Anatomy: CSF is typically produced by the choroid plexus of the ventricles and circulates in one direction from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle and through the aqueduct of Sylvius to the fourth ventricle.
		It enters the subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum, circulates down to the spine, and then circulates up again to the surface of the brain where it is absorbed at the arachnoid granulations.
	www.spinabifidasupport.com.cob-web.org:8888 /defhydrocephalus.htm (5348 words)

	DR. FRANCOIS MAGENDIE (1783-1855) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Magendie, who was born in France, obtained all of his education including his medical training in his native country.
		Hs is identified a s a physician and a physiologist.
		He described the apertura medialis ventriculi quarte- the foramen of Magendie.
	www.uic.edu /depts/mcne/founders/page0057.html (40 words)

	Find Foramen Magendie Experts and Foramen Magendie Expert Witnesses at www.ewitness.com. (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Foramen Magendie Experts Witnesses - Foramen Magendie Forensic Consultants.
		Available to be Foramen Magendie expert witnesses and provide Foramen Magendie forensic consulting in Foramen Magendie litigation, in addition prepare Foramen Magendie expert witness reports for use in deposition and/or in-court trial testimony.
		Find Foramen Magendie experts and consultants for Foramen Magendie litigation support at www.ewitness.com.
	www.ewitness.com.cob-web.org:8888 /srch/Foramen-Magendie-experts-witnesses.htm (357 words)

	>Neuroscience: Neuroanatomy
		Central Canal: The Central Canal of the Spinal Cord is formed as a continuation of the Fourth Ventricle, as it narrows through the Foramen Magnum.
		Median Aperture (Foramen of Magendie): Connects the Third Ventricle to the Subarachnoid Space, medially.
		ATLAS: Before they enter the foramen magnum, they pass horizontally on the upper surface of the Atlas, to enter the cranium just ventrolateral to the cervicomedullary junction.
	us.share.geocities.com /doctor_uae/neuro2.htm (6166 words)

	nradnormal.html
		Case #359: MRI Brain: Ventriculomegaly of the lateral, 3rd and 4th ventricles secondary to obstruction of the foramen of Magendie secondary to Cryptococcus(unencapsulated) in a non-immune suppressed, HIV negative, individual.
		Hx: This 37y/o LHM was seen one month prior to this presentation for HA, nausea and vomiting.
		There was enhancement of the meninges about the prepontine cisterna and internal auditory canals, and enhancement of a scar or inflammed lining of the foramen of Magendie.
	www.uiowa.edu /~c064s01/nr359.htm (489 words)

	Hydrocephalus - CSF Production and hydrocephalus presented by Insitute for Neurology and Neurosurgery in New York City.
		There are several key passage ways through which the CSF must past to exit the ventricular spaces and reach the subarachnoid spaces.
		Finally, the fourth ventricle has three outlets, the foramen of Magendie
		Additionally, the subarachnoid space has a potential point for blockage of flow of CSF to the arachnoidal villi at an opening in the tent like structure (the tentorium) which divides the upper and lower parts of the brain.
	nyneurosurgery.org /hydrocsf.htm (527 words)

	Parkside Magnetic Resonance Center - Case Studies
		(B) and (C): CSF flow study demonstrates lack of outflow of CSF from the fourth ventricle (arrow) into the foramen of Magendie indicating an obstructive hydro-cephalus that may benefit from third ventriculostomy.
		Chiari I malformations (cerebellar tonsillar ectopia through the foramen magnum) are increasingly recognized with MR imaging.
		With Chiari I malformation, the herniated cerebellar tonsils fill the foramen magnum with a reduction of CSF flow at the craniocervical junction (Fig 3).
	www.parksidemri.com /physician/casestudy/case-sum02 (975 words)

	Increased cerebrospinal fluid flow through the foramen of Magendie after decompression for Chiari I malformation -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Increased cerebrospinal fluid flow through the foramen of Magendie after decompression for Chiari I malformation
		A 15 year old patient with a 6 month history of cough headache was diagnosed as having a Chiari I malformation.
		space in the foramen magnum region and by breaking the craniospinal
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com.cob-web.org:8888 /cgi/content/full/66/6/799 (446 words)

	Magendie, foramen of definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Magendie, foramen of definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		MedicineNet Home > MedTerms medical dictionary A-Z List > Magendie, foramen of
		MedicineNet does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9178 (281 words)

	Dandy-Walker Syndrome - Patient UK
		A large number of associated problems may also be present such as
		(often develops postnatally), atresia of the foramen of Magendie and atresia of the foramen of Luschka.
		Risk Factors Marked variation has been shown in the genetics and aetiology.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40001364 (667 words)

	The Upledger Institute, Inc.
		-- Structure and physiology of brain ventricles: frontal horn, temporal horn, occipital horn, central part, interventricular foramen of Monro, optic recess, interthalamic adhesion, aqueduct of Sylvius, lateral recess, foramen of Luschka, foramen of Magendie, choroid plexus of lateral, third and fourth ventricles, and central canal of the spinal cord
		Page 43: Ventricular system: frontal horn, temporal horn, occipital horn, central part, interventricular foramen of Monro, optic recess, interthalamic adhesion, aqueduct of Sylvius, third and fourth ventricles, lateral recess, foramen of Magendie, foramen of Luschka, choroid plexus of lateral, third and fourth ventricles
		Page 77: Foramen of Monro, aperture of Luschka and Magendie
	www.upledger.com /hp/ldb1study.htm (451 words)

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