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Topic: Foramen ovale

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	DAN Divers Alert Network : Patent Foramen Ovale
		The foramen ovale is an opening, or communication, between the right atrium and left atrium in the heart.
		(Foramen is Latin for opening, or aperture; ovale is, appropriately, Latin for oval, indicating the shape of the aperture.) The normal passage of blood in the adult human is from the great veins of the body, through the right atrium into the right ventricle, and then via the pulmonary artery to the lungs.
		The foramen ovale is initially closed by a "flap valve," similar to a spring-loaded door.
	www.diversalertnetwork.org /medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=50 (1090 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale Closure May Reduce Migraine Attacks
		Patients with a history of stroke and a patent foramen ovale have a higher prevalence of migraine with aura than the general population, and after percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure for stroke prevention purposes, they report a reduced frequency of migraine attacks, a new study showed.
		Patent foramen ovale is already implicated as a cause of stroke, particularly in young people, and percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale is now done for secondary stroke prevention in people in whom other causes of stroke have been ruled out.
		After patent foramen ovale closure, the frequency of headache attacks was significantly reduced in both types of migraine: in migraine with aura by 54% and in migraine without aura by 62%.
	www.neurologyreviews.com /feb04/nr_feb04_foramen.html (889 words)

	eMedicine - Atrial Septal Defect, Patent Foramen Ovale : Article by Barry A Love, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In patients with a patent foramen ovale and certain conditions such as pneumonectomy, the flow from the inferior vena cava may be preferentially directed through the patent foramen ovale in the upright position, producing right-to-left shunt and cyanosis.
		Closure of the patent foramen ovale may be indicated in patients with a hypercoagulable state, although surgical closure should be considered, as the risk of thrombosis on transcatheter occlusion devices may be increased in the presence of a hypercoagulable state.
		In patients with cryptogenic stroke, TEE is mandatory to identify the presence of a patent foramen ovale and to identify a concomitant atrial septal aneurysm.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2494.htm (4247 words)

	The Patent Foramen Ovale, AGA Medical Corp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a persistent, usually flap-like opening between the atrial septum primum and secundum at the location of the fossa ovalis.
		In utero, the foramen ovale serves as a physiologic conduit for right-to-left shunting.
		Mas JL: Patent foramen ovale, aneurysm of the interatrial septum and cerebral ischemic complication.
	www.amplatzer.com /us/medical_professionals/pfo_defect.html (1253 words)

	Foramen ovale (skull) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the base of the skull the foramen ovale (Latin: oval window) is one of the larger of the several holes (the foramina) that transmit nerves through the skull.
		The foramen ovale is situated in the anterior part of the sphenoid bone, posteriolateral to the foramen rotundum [Fig.
		In a study conducted on 100 skulls, the foramen ovale was divided into 2 or 3 components in 4.5% of the cases.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foramen_ovale_(skull) (452 words)

	Sharon to Have Catheter-Based Repair of Patent Foramen Ovale - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Sharon was the second prominent person in 2005 to have a mild stroke and then found to have a patent foramen ovale, a congenital defect that is present in 10% to 25% of the population.
		Although a patent foramen ovale is not considered to be a heart defect and does not increase cardiac workload, it can be the source of a stroke under certain rare circumstances, according to the American Heart Association.
		The Amplatzer Patent Foramen Ovale Occluder was approved by the FDA under a similar humanitarian device regulations in patients with recurrent cryptogenic stroke due to presumed paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale and who have failed conventional drug therapy.
	www.medpagetoday.com /Cardiology/Strokes/tb/2412 (1539 words)

	Foramen ovale (heart) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes within the first year after birth to form the fossa ovalis.
		The foramen ovale begins forming late in the fourth week of gestation.
		Initially the atria are separated from one another by the septum primum except for a small opening in the septum, the ostium primum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foramen_ovale_(heart) (388 words)

	Closure Devices for Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Defects
		The foramen ovale, a component of fetal cardiovascular circulation, consists of a communication between the right and left atrium that functions as a vascular bypass of the uninflated lungs.
		Prior to birth the foramen ovale is held open by the large flow of blood into the left atrium from the inferior vena cava.
		Closure of patent foramen ovale using a transcatheter approach with an FDA-approved device may be considered medically necessary in patients with a history of cryptogenic stroke.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/surgery/sur105.html (3208 words)

	Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale using the Amplatzer septal occluder to prevent recurrence of neurological ...
		Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale using the Amplatzer septal occluder to prevent recurrence of neurological decompression illness in divers -- Walsh et al.
		Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale using the Amplatzer septal occluder to prevent recurrence of neurological decompression illness in divers
		The patent foramen ovale and aneurysmal interatrial septum are being increasingly incriminated in cerebral thromboembolism
	heart.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/81/3/257 (2924 words)

	DHMC Cardiology \| Treatments \| Patent Foramen Ovale Closure
		Patent foramen ovale closure uses a thin, flexible tube called a catheter to repair a hole in the wall between the two upper (atrial) chambers of the heart.
		A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a heart defect present at birth.
		It means that there is a flap or a valve-like opening in the wall (septum) that separates the two upper parts of the heart (the atrium).
	www.dartmouth.edu /~cardio/Patients/conditions/tre_PFOclose.html (394 words)

	eMedicine - Patent Foramen Ovale : Article by Sandy Shah, DO
		The Mayo Clinic autopsy study revealed that the size of a patent foramen ovale increases from a mean of 3.4 mm in the first decade to 5.8 mm in the 10th decade of life, as the valve of fossa ovalis stretches with age.
		With increasing evidence that patent foramen ovale is the culprit in paradoxical embolic events, the relative importance of the anomaly is being reevaluated.
		In patients with atrial septal aneurysm and patent foramen ovale, the risk of first recurrent stroke within 2 years has been reported to be as high as 9%, while the rate of subsequent stroke or transient ischemic attack recurrence within 2 years increases to 22%.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1766.htm (2262 words)

	Minimally Invasive Treatment for Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
		Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is an opening in the heart between the right and left atrium that is present in all infants.
		The foramen ovale, used during fetal circulation to speed up the travel of blood through the heart, usually closes within 10 days after birth due to increased blood pressure in the left atria.
		However, should the foramen ovale remain patent throughout the patient’s life, the incomplete closure of the septum results in a flap or valve-like opening in the atrial septal wall.
	www.lakelandhealth.org /body.cfm?id=422 (584 words)

	Today in Cardiology - The patent foramen ovale and neurologic events
		The persistently patent foramen ovale has been implicated in a variety of neurologic and embolic events, including transient ischemic attacks and stroke, decompression illness in divers, platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, and systemic embolization in patients with acute pulmonary embolism.
		The persistence of this foramen allows fetal blood streaming from both the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava to cross the foramen and enter the left atrium, thus bypassing the fetal pulmonary circuit.
		Evidence that patent foramen ovale is not a risk factor for cerebral ischemia in the elderly.
	www.cardiologytoday.com /200605/patent.asp (3221 words)

	Cardiology Advisor 2006.2: Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
		The foramen ovale is a small hole between the 2 upper chambers of the heart (the left atrium and the right atrium).
		When this happens, the foramen ovale may open if the pressure on the right side of the heart becomes equal with the pressure on the left side of the heart.
		When the flap stays open, the foramen ovale is said to be patent.
	www.fairview.org /healthlibrary/content/ca_pfo_car.htm (651 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine [December 2005; 142-4]
		The foramen ovale is a channel between the atria of the foetal heart allowing blood to flow from the right to the left atrium, which shunts oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation during foetal development.
		Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts.
		The prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with migraine.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band142/b142-4.html (1243 words)

	UCLA Department of Medicine - wfsection-Patent Foramen Ovale and Transient Ischemic Attacks
		Patent foramen ovale is often thought of as an obscure conduit for paradoxical embolism and stroke.
		However, patent foramen ovale is found in up to 50% of patients less than 55 years old with CVA or TIA, compared with 10% to 15% of aged matched controls without CVA or TIA.
		When there is evidence of venous thrombosis and patent foramen ovale, there is strong evidence for long-term anticoagulation or closure of the patent foramen ovale.
	www.med.ucla.edu /modules/wfsection/article.php?articleid=88 (847 words)

	DAN Divers Alert Network : Patent Foramen Ovale: Is It Important to Divers?
		In the unborn fetus, the lungs are not functioning, and to provide oxygen to the fetal circulation, an opening is present (the foramen ovale) in the wall between the two atria (the atrial septum).
		The foramen ovale allows blood coming from the placenta to flow through the right atrium directly into the left atrium and then into the body, providing the oxygen needed for growth and development.
		However, in about 30 percent of all people, the closure of the foramen ovale is incomplete, and the persistent foramen ovale (patent foramen ovale, or PFO) becomes a potential route for blood from the veins to flow directly into the arterial circulation, thus allowing bubbles to enter the arteries and bypass the lung filter.
	www.diversalertnetwork.org /news/article.asp?newsid=462 (1229 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale Does Not Increase Stroke Risk - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Be aware that this research suggests that of the presence of a patent foramen ovale does not always require surgical repair.
		In the study, patent foramen ovale was detected in 140 participants, but there was no increased stroke risk in those patients during just over five years of follow-up.
		Meissner added that her advice to asymptomatic patients who have patent foramen ovale detected by echocardiography is to "just sit tight" rather than rushing to surgery.
	www.medpagetoday.com /Cardiology/Strokes/tb/2310 (771 words)

	Patent foramen ovale, cerebrovascular risk, and complement -- Demetriades et al. 73 (3): 351 -- Journal of Neurology, ...
		The association between the diameter of a patent foramen ovale and the risk of embolic cerebrovascular events.
		Coagulation abnormalities in adults with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale.
		Effect of medical treatment in stroke patients with patent foramen ovale: patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke study.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/73/3/351-a (732 words)

	Lars Erickson - Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
		A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a type of atrial septal defect (ASD), or opening between the two upper chambers of the heart (left and right atria).
		In some individuals the patent foramen ovale may be larger than usual, and this can result in some of the problems that accompany other types of atrial septal defects (see ASDs).
		This risk of this complication is very tiny in most people, and is not felt to outweigh the risk of surgical or catheter-directed closure of a patent foramen ovale in the vast majority of cases.
	www.larserickson.com /PatientInfo/ASD_PFO.htm (570 words)

	Patent foramen ovale
		If this opening fails to close naturally soon after the baby is born, the condition is called patent foramen ovale (PFO).
		The foramen ovale normally closes soon after the infant is born.
		The foramen ovale may remain open in as many as 1 out of 5 people.
	www.healthscout.com /ency/1/001113.html (221 words)

	Spencer Technologies Reference - Patent Foramen Ovale
		Prevalence of patent foramen ovale in patients with stroke.
		Patent foramen ovale and decompression sickness in divers.
		Patent foramen ovale can be assessed by transcranial Doppler.
	www.spencertechnologies.com /reference/pfo.htm (237 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Patent foramen ovale
		If this opening fails to close naturally soon after the baby is born, the hole is called patent foramen ovale (PFO).
		A patent foramen ovale (PFO) allows blood to bypass the lungs.
		Infants with a patent foramen ovale and no other heart defects do not have symptoms.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001113.htm (561 words)

	Klinik4
		After exclusion of other reasons, paradoxical embolism via a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has to be considered as a potential mechanism for cerebral events, especially in younger patients.
		The operative PFO closure is an important therapeutic alternative to decrease the risk of recurrent ischemic events that may avoid lifelong anticoagulation.
		Cerebral ischemia - paradoxic embolism - persistent foramen ovale - atrial septal aneurysm
	www.foramen-ovale.de /klinik4.htm (681 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO), AGA Medical Corp. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The foramen ovale should grow closed at birth or shortly afterward.
		Patent foramen ovale is suspected as a pathway for blood clots which can potentially lead to a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).
		If a Patent Foramen Ovale is found in conjunction with an unknown source of stroke, you may be referred for medical treatment or AMPLATZER device closure of your PFO.
	www.amplatzer.com /us/patient&family/pfo_defect.html (313 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale Closure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Foramen Ovale is an opening between the upper chambers of the heart called the right and left atria.
		If this happens, the result is called a patent foramen ovale or PFO.
		The patient may be in the hospital for 1-2 days.
	www.ihimontana.org /cardiology-patent-foramen-ovale-closure.php (514 words)

	NEJM -- Recurrent Cerebrovascular Events Associated with Patent Foramen Ovale, Atrial Septal Aneurysm, or Both
		Spies, C., Strasheim, R., Timmermanns, I., Schraeder, R. Patent foramen ovale closure in patients with cryptogenic thrombo-embolic events using the Cardia PFO occluder.
		Closure of patent foramen ovale: is the case really closed as well?.
		Patent foramen ovale and the risk of stroke: smoking gun guilty by association?.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/short/345/24/1740 (2006 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale and Recurrent Stroke: Another Paradoxical Twist -- Halperin and Fuster 105 (22): 2580 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mas JL, Zuber M. French Study Group on Patent Foramen Ovale and Atrial Septal Aneurysm: recurrent cerebrovascular events in patients with patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm, or both and cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack.
		Patent foramen ovale, atrial septal aneurysm and ischaemic stroke in young adults.
		Surgical closure of patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke patients.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/105/22/2580 (2002 words)

	Patent Foramen Ovale
		Fred Bove, a Temple University cardiologist, did a search of the literature for patent foramen ovale in relation to diving and diving risks.
		Philip Foster et al, in the Journal of the Aerospace Medical Association, has an elegant article "Patent Foramen Ovale and paradoxical Systemic Embolism: A Bibliographic Review" in which is presented in a single document a summary of the original findings and views from authors in this field.
		It is a comprehensive review of 145 peer-reviewed journal articles related to PFO that is intended to encourage reflection on PFO detection methods and on the possible association between PFO and stroke.
	www.scuba-doc.com /pfo.htm (611 words)

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