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	Forbes Burnham - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham (February 20, 1923 – August 6, 1985) was a Guyanese political leader and leader of Guyana from 1964 until his death--as Prime Minister from 1964 to 1980 and as President from 1980 to 1985.
		Burnham, who was of African descent, was born in Kitty, a suburb of Georgetown, East Demerara, Guyana as one of three children to a poor family; one child is his sister Jesse Burnham.
		Burnham was able to form a coalition with a conservative white party, the United Force, and became premier of British Guiana on 14 December.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forbes_Burnham (1311 words)

	Special Features by Dr Festus L. Brotherson, Jr.
		After this exploration of the political leadership of Forbes Burnham and Cheddi Jagan, we might deepen understanding of this Machiavellian paradox that affected both political leaders who dominated Guyana from the late 1940s until their passing in 1985 and 1997 respectively, and whose influence is still apparent.
		The Burnham citation in Part Two, in which he argued the need to be able to persuade powerful sources in search of limited objectives where it mattered, e.g., for foreign aid, rather than to be doctrinaire for applause from the noisy assemblies of socialism and communism, is strongly indicative of effective political leadership.
		Burnham had learned from him the essentiality of power as the grammar of politics, and what had to de done to win, exercise and keep it while a political leader was on the mission of pursuing primary goals.
	www.guyana.org /features/brotherson_political.html (5301 words)

	Forbes Burnham Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Forbes Burnham (1923-1985) led the coalition government which won independence for British Guiana in 1966 and was Guyana's first prime minister.
		By then Burnham was chairman of the party, an elected member of the Georgetown city council, and the unofficial leader of the urban section of the party.
		Indeed, in 1973 Burnham announced that his party had won two-thirds of the votes in the general election and with its corresponding proportion of the unicameral legislature had the requisite legal means to alter the constitution.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/forbes-burnham (1017 words)

	Graceland Cemetery: Daniel Hudson Burnham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Burnham gained fame as the chief of construction for the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893.
		Burnham's "White City" influenced a great many architects to favor the neoclassical style over the next few decades, in spite of Sullivan's claims that architecture in America had been set back years.
		Burnham and his family are buried under natural glacial granite boulders on a small island near the northern end of Lake Willomere.
	www.graveyards.com /IL/Cook/graceland/burnham.html (144 words)

	Viola Burnham ...An obituary
		Viola Victorine Burnham, widow of President Forbes Burnham and a former Vice-President and Deputy Prime Minister, died on 10 October, aged 72.
		The adulation once reserved for Forbes Burnham was transferred to his widow who, as the closest being to his reincarnation, was expected somehow to carry on the tradition of leadership.
		Viola Burnham’s driving passion seemed to be less in power-seeking than in empowerment and, with that in mind, she surfed the waves in the rising tide of the women’s movement.
	www.landofsixpeoples.com /news304/ns3101210.htm (1809 words)

	Forbes Burnham
		Burnham, for more than a decade, refused to recognize GAWU as the union of sugar workers, but in 1975, to win support in his aim to nationalize the industry, acquiesced a poll calling for this recognition.
		W.N. James, to all staff (October, 1980), urging an attendance of a PNC rally to be addressed by Burnham; “The importance of the attendance of this historic rally cannot be under-estimated.
		Burnham’s interest in diamonds and precious metals that became obvious as early as 1965 when, on a trip to an Amerindian village, he said to the locals, “I know of those who come with the Bible and leave with the diamonds,” grew.
	www.guyanaundersiege.com /Leaders/Burnham2.htm (3271 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Forbes told Burnham that he is only retained by HTA to prepare reports as instructed by HTA.
		Forbes said he's not sure that there was a transfer, and that Jackman should explain the structure of relationships.
		Burnham said that if they are not in compliance by October first, the contract should be terminated and another contractor found to do the work.
	www.vermont-towns.org /charlotte/sb082997.txt (1364 words)

	Political and Economic History of Guyana
		That socialist government, led by Linden Forbes Burnham, was considered the lesser evil to the Marxist-Leninist party led by Cheddi Jagan and his wife Janet.
		Burnham was the son of school teacher and lived in the Georgetown area.
		Burnham and the PNC were claiming higher and higher proportions of the vote.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/guyana.htm (1444 words)

	1. How the American Government helped Burnham to rig the 1968 elections
		Burnham stated that there would be objectionable electioneering in the US and pointed out that Jagan was already setting the stage among his followers for a defeat by claiming the elections would be rigged.
		Burnham's plan to rig the elections was amplified in another memorandum prepared on 12 June 1968 by Thomas H. Karamessines, Deputy CIA Director for Plans, for Walt W. Rostow, Special Assistant to President Johnson.
		Forbes Burnham, Prime Minister of Guyana and leader the PNC, gave instructions to rig the election scheduled for late 1968 or early 1969 in order to permit the PNC to win a clear majority.
	www.guyana.org /features/postindependence/chapter1.html (3989 words)

	Untitled Document
		Burnham was born in Kitty, on February 20, 1923.
		Burnham received his primary education at the Kitty Methodist School before moving on to Central High School and then to Queen’s College in 1935.
		In 1952 Burnham was elected to the Georgetown Town Council.
	www.op.gov.gy /bio/bioburnham.htm (486 words)

	Forbes Burnham (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Linden Forbes Sampson Burnham was born in Kitty, British Guiana on the 20
		Burnham attended Kitty Methodist School for his primary education and Central High School for his secondary.
		Burnham played a major role in establishing both major political parties in Guyana.
	www.caribcentral.com /guyana/burnham.htm (299 words)

	Who Killed Forbes Burnham?
		Burnham lived a controversial life, died in controversial circumstances and even before he made his last breath, said something controversial.
		The man on the ferry told me that Burnham subsequently arranged for the dentist to be killed because she saw the assassination and could implicate him, and was beginning to crack unlike the senior police offficer who did the hit.
		Burnham was mad at Teekah because he believed that Teekah was conspiring with the Cubans to undermine his hold on Guyana.
	www.caribvoice.org /Opinions/Kissoon/Burnham.htm (878 words)

	Burnham, Forbes - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		BURNHAM, FORBES [Burnham, Forbes] 1923-85, prime minister (1964-80) and president (1980-85) of Guyana, formerly British Guiana.
		In the 1964 elections his party trailed Jagan's, but Burnham, overcoming Jagan's plurality by uniting with a small third party, was named prime minister.
		He led his country to independence (1966), and, despite vigorous opposition from Jagan, was reaffirmed as prime minister in elections in 1968 and 1973.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-burnhamf.html (319 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Forbes
		Forbes, John FORBES, JOHN [Forbes, John] 1710-59, British general in the French and Indian Wars, b.
		Forbes, Duncan FORBES, DUNCAN [Forbes, Duncan] 1685-1747, Scottish statesman, known as Forbes of Culloden.
		Burnham, Forbes BURNHAM, FORBES [Burnham, Forbes] 1923-85, prime minister (1964-80) and president (1980-85) of Guyana, formerly British Guiana.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Forbes (676 words)

	Forbes Burnham
		Forbes Burnham was born on February 20, 1923, in Kitty, Georgetown, one of three children born to poor but strict parents.
		Protesting that he should be “leader or nothing,” Burnham settled for chairmanship in place of the previously favored Aston Chase, who was regarded as less “educated.” After the PPP won the general elections in 1953, Burnham became the minister of education.
		The period of 1961 to 1964 is extremely critical because it involved the orchestration of the demise of the PPP by Burnham.
	www.guyanaundersiege.com /Leaders/Burnham1.htm (2332 words)

	Cariweb Forums: Was coalition a real option in 1985?
		Burnham had before him the example of Mrs Gandhi, who had used her sometimes brittle and abrasive relations with the West to extract in the '80s the biggest loan from the IMF - some US$30B.
		In the words of Dr Bartilov "in essence, the Reagan inspired conditionality attempted to undermine the IMF's long-term objectives towards the Burnham Government." By 1985 Burnham was locked in a bitter struggle with the IMF which he correctly saw as an instrument of the Reagan administration.
		Burnham came to this conclusion after the Soviets hastily removed a reference to the future of Puerto Rico from the communique it should have signed with Guyana in order not to offend the US, whose President was about to visit the USSR.
	www.cariweb.com /ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=2;t=000133 (1255 words)

	Raffique Shah - Stealing Elections
		The fiend who was exposed as the mastermind behind the scheme was Forbes Burnham, then Prime Minister and leader of the PNC, a party that was installed in office by a collaborative effort between the US Government, the CIA and the British Government.
		Initially, Burnham, who was considered a moderate socialist as opposed to Jagan being an outright communist, had joined with Jagan to form the PPP and contest the first real elections in 1953 in what was then British Guiana.
		Burnham, financed and fuelled by CIA money and support, had his mobs reduce parts of Georgetown to what Port of Spain looked like after the 1990 Muslimeen coup.
	www.trinicenter.com /Raffique/Nov/Burnham.htm (1038 words)

	ACDA Column: Burnham: a vision, a legacy
		To the extent that Forbes Burnham is not widely known by the young people, makes a generation poorer.
		Burnham was also clear that the Amerindians were to become a part of the Guyanese society.
		Behind all of this, Forbes Burnham was a humble man with the shortcomings of a human being.
	www.guyanacaribbeanpolitics.com /special/acda_burnham.html (2442 words)

	A short history of Guyana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Burnham leads the country from independence until his death in an increasingly authoritarian manner, first as prime minister and later, after the adoption of a new constitution in 1980, as executive president.
		Burnham's death in 1985 his prime minister Hugh Desmond Hoyte accedes to the presidency.
		He gradually reverseds Burnham's policies, moving from state socialism and one-party control to a market economy and unrestricted freedom of the press and assembly.
	www.electionworld.org /history/guyana.htm (415 words)

	Viola Victorine Burnham: Death, Dignity, Resilience and the Passing of the Old Guard
		Viola Burnham, nee Harper, was in many ways a renaissance scholar, trained in Greek and Latin in England and at the graduate university level in the United States.
		Viola Burnham‘s interest in the arts continued to the day of her death, and her and her husband’s support, for Carifesta, Mashramani, Aubrey Williams and other such artistic initiatives and personalities are legendary, and their impact on Guyana still long-lasting.
		With her passing and that of Desmond Hoyte’s, Ptolemy Reid’s, Shirley Field- Ridley’s and Forbes Burnham’s, for example, only Hamilton Greene remains of the “old guard” of the PNC; and he, the mayor of the former “ premier garden city in the Caribbean” is but a fallen star whose glory days are behind him.
	www.sweetsoca.com /bmp/articles/violaburnham.htm (1256 words)

	Press & Politics in Guyana
		By the time that Linden Forbes Burnham died on an operating table, while undergoing minor surgery, in August 1985, the 'Cooperative Republic of Guyana' was a joke.
		Forbes Burnham had sought some status as a supporter of Cuba, but the United States could not even bring itself to consider Guyana's leader a respectable bogeyman.
		Forbes Burnham's failed experiment in progressive despotics had turned the country into a wasteland by the mid-1980s.
	www.caribvoice.org /CaribbeanDocuments/guyanapress.html (3418 words)

	commentaries . opinions . discourses
		Burnham was ready to take the nation to the brink in 1953, 1962 and 1964 in his diabolical scheme to grab power.
		Burnham further set out to muster all the children of the nation into the accursed Mass Games, which disrupted the education of thousands and literally caused a grim set back to the education system.
		Yet, those Afro-Guyanese, who worship at Burnham's shrine at the Seven Ponds Botanical Gardens, fail to see the monster that was the man. Either his "faithfuls" are totally dumb, or are infused with the same diabolical spirit that made the man the maniac he was.
	www.guyanajournal.com /ss_lfsb.html (2279 words)

	Guyana OnLine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The first PPP platform said that its two objectives were independence from the British and "a just socialist society." The PPP won 18 out of 24 seats in the first popular elections permitted by the colonial government in 1953, and Dr. Jagan became Leader of the House and Minister of Agriculture in the colonial government.
		From December 1964 until his death in August 1985, Forbes Burnham ruled Guyana in an increasingly autocratic manner, first as Prime Minister and later, after the adoption of a new constitution in 1980, as Executive President.
		Following Burnham's death, Prime Minister Hugh Desmond Hoyte acceded to the presidency and was formally elected to that position in the December 1985 national elections.
	www.guyanaonline.net /guyana/index.php (925 words)

	Burnham (Linden) Forbes Sampson - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Burnham (Linden) Forbes Sampson - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Burnham, (Linden) Forbes Sampson (1923-85), prime minister (1964-80) and president (1980-85) of Guyana.
		Forbes, Bryan, born in 1926, British motion-picture producer, director, and screenwriter.
	encarta.msn.com /Burnham_(Linden)_Forbes_Sampson.html (135 words)

	Rabe review
		In 1966 independence was granted by the British to Guyana under Forbes Burnham, a person who basically, a person widely described by many political observes of the day as an unhinged demagogue.
		Burnham’s regime would rig the next elections in 1968, along with every other election which would be held until 1992, turning the country into what Rabe describes as Burnham’s own personal “kleptocracy.” Rabe says that Burnham practiced the “politics of squalor,” using murder, theft, persecution and racism to stay in power.
		Following Burnham’s death in 1992 and the end of the Cold War, the United States finally encouraged free elections to be held in Guyana, resulting in the eletion of Cheddi Jagan once again as President.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /history/johnson/gcrabe.htm (812 words)

	Raffique Shah - Stealing Elections
		Not satisfied with eliminating this visionary, the callous Burnham made sure his mangled corpse was left to decompose in a faulty morgue, and his PNC goons harassed and hounded his friends, relatives and supporters who had gathered to mourn his death.
		Oh, and I almost forgot that it Burnham who had given land to another American “preacher”, Jim Jones, who went on to make history by murdering more than 900 people, including a US congressman, in a carnage that is recorded in the Guinness Book of Records.
		The most common form of electoral irregularity is patronage, “buying” votes through use of state funds, whether it’s via URP jobs (including people paid by the state to campaign for the party in power), or, on the eve of elections paving miles and miles of roads, giving tax relief, and other forms of largesse.
	www.trinicenter.com /Raffique/Nov/byanyvote.htm (1195 words)

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