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Topic: Force density

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Pressure

	Density (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word density or dense has a variety of senses in the physical, mathematical, and quantitative sciences, as well as other fields.
		In forcing, a subset D of a forcing notion (P, ≤) is called dense in P if for any p in P there is d in D with d≤p.
		Density is the name of an Italian progressive rock band.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dense (410 words)

	Pressure - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pressure (symbol: p) is the force per unit area applied on a surface in a direction perpendicular to that surface.
		Depending on how the orientation of a surface is chosen, the same distribution of forces may be described either as a positive pressure along one surface normal, or as a negative pressure acting along the opposite surface normal.
		ρ (rho) is the density of the fluid (i.e.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pressure (1538 words)

	Magnetics
		The symbol for flux density is "B" and the unit of flux density is the Gauss.
		The magnitude of the force depends on the speed of the electron, the flux density, and the angle of motion relative to the orientation of the field.
		The magnitude of the force is greatest when the vectors are at ninety degrees to one another and diminishes as the angle between the two vectors closes.
	ken-gilbert.com /techstuff/magnetics.html (4094 words)

	Force Limited Vibration Test of HESSI Imager
		The interface force is greatly increased in testing at resonances because the vibration table has a very high mechanical impedance and provides the enveloped interface acceleration, whereas in fight, the force is limited as the acceleration is reduced or notched.
		Force limiting provides a straightforward method of automatically notching the acceleration at a test item’s resonances, by measuring and limiting the reaction force between the test item and the shaker table.
		With a 0.25 G input at 20 Hz, the sum of the forces in the X direction was 90 N. The output should have been 114 N. The force spectral density was multiplied by the factor 0.623 to compensate for this difference.
	hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov /hessi/FLV/vibration.html (2372 words)

	[No title]
		Electrical forces on macroscopic materials have their origins in the forces exerted on the microscopic particles of which the materials are composed.
		Although the force of gravity is likely to exceed the electrical force of attraction between the electrodes, as far as the electrical subsystem is concerned, the upper electrode is raised against a downward electrical force.
		Force equilibrium is therefore represented by setting the force per unit radial length equal to this mass multiplied by the gravitational acceleration g.
	web.mit.edu /6.013_book/www/chapter11/11.6.html (3497 words)

	[No title]
		In order to develop an expression for the force on the dipole in the limit where the spacing d of the charges is small compared to distances over which the field varies appreciably, (2) is written in Cartesian coordinates and the field at the positive charge expanded about the position of the negative charge.
		Because the force is different depending upon whether one uses the magnetic charge model or the circulating current model for the magnetic dipole, so his reasoning went, and because the circulating current model is the physically correct one, the magnetic charge model is incorrect.
		It is this radial component of the flux density crossed with the current density that results in an upward force on each segment of the loop.
	web.mit.edu /6.013_book/www/chapter11/11.8.html (2792 words)

	Density Incidence And Cumulative Incidence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While the numerator of the ratio results from a count of events (the number of cigarettes smoked in the disco or the number of pathological events during an observation period), the denominator of DI is the sum of the time periods contributed by the individuals (at risk of the event in the numerator).
		To sum up, DI is a measure of speed, force, density, intensity, and is a property of the inducing factor of the observed event.
		The rate measures the inducing force of the risk factor to generate diseased individuals (the etiologic function of the rate),the order of magnitude of which is measured by the proportion of diseased individuals (the preventive function of the proportion).
	www.ispub.com /ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijim/vol2n2/incidence.xml (1809 words)

	The force density within a dielectric medium
		The first term in the above equation is the standard electrostatic force density.
		The second term represents a force which appears whenever an inhomogeneous dielectric is placed in an electric field.
		For this reason the term is frequently omitted, since in the calculation of the total forces acting on dielectric bodies it usually does not contribute.
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /teaching/jk1/lectures/node42.html (437 words)

	Theory of Atoms in Molecules: Quantum Mechanics of a Proper Open System
		The vector current J(r) is the momentum density divided by the mass of the electron m and the integral of its time rate-of-change multiplied by m yields the force acting on the atom.
		This force is equated to the sum of a basin and a surface contribution: the basin contribution is the commutator average and the surface term is the momentum flux through the surface, a term described by the quantum stress tensor
		This density expresses in a rigorous manner, the local potential energy experienced by a single electron determined in the average field of all the remaining particles in a many-particle system.
	www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca /faculty/bader/aim/aim_4.html (914 words)

	The Electromagnetic Enhancement of Melt Spinning and Strip Casting
		The distributions of eddy current and Lorentz force on the moving ribbon at a speed of 0-50 m/s are discussed; the effects of coil diameter and coil current on the Lorentz force's distribution are also considered.
		force is negative, because stronger eddy currents are found to be ahead of the coil rather than in the region behind the coil (i.e., the drag force in the opposite direction of the ribbon motion is induced).
		Since the lift force is almost zero near the center of the coil, termed the "dead zone" (Figure 4a and Figure 4b), it was decided to reduce the coil diameter by one half to 0.06 m, while keeping other parameters constant.
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/9802/Chen/Chen-9802.html (3409 words)

	Dielectric liquids in electrostatic fields
		It is clear that the electrostatic forces acting on the dielectric are all concentrated at the edge of the sphere and are directed radially inwards; i.e.
		(3.85), the force which causes the liquid to rise between the plates is a volume force which develops in the region of non-uniform electric field at the base of the capacitor, where the field splays out between the plates.
		This pressure difference is balanced by internal elastic forces in the case of the solid dielectric discussed earlier, but is transmitted to the plates in the case of the liquid.
	farside.ph.utexas.edu /teaching/jk1/lectures/node44.html (985 words)

	Magnetic bearings
		Because of the reversal of the force density, the shaft is suspended in the magnetic field.
		The surface-current density (current sheet) is situated in the (x,y)-plane and extends to infinity in the positive and negative y-directions.
		In practice the force densities for superconducting materials and ferromagnetic materials are unequal, since, as we noted earlier, in superconducting materials the maximum flux density at the boundary plane must remain limited.
	www.cvni.net /abc/rip2/r10/r1002.html (1460 words)

	Density, Buoyancy and Archimedes Principle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An object floats when the buoyant force - the upward push - is equal to or greater than the object’s weight - the downward push.
		Archimedes Principle states any fluid applies a buoyant force to an object that is partially or completely immerssed in it; the magnitude of the buoyant force equals the weight of the fluid that the object displaces.
		Therefore, the equivalent density of water is equal to 1 g/ml.
	phys.csuchico.edu /kagan/NSCT/workshops/ws2-sheryl2.html (1091 words)

	Force on a pipe bend calculation. Thrust block.
		Forces in a pipe bend in the horizontal plane are caused by the fluid's momentum and pressure.
		Our calculation is also valid for incompressible gases, but - due to a gas's low density - the force required to hold a gas pipe in place is typically small compared to the force required to hold a liquid pipe in place unless pressures are high.
		The force equations are based on linear momentum conservation.
	www.lmnoeng.com /Force/ForceBend.htm (575 words)

	National Measurement Institute - Mass and related quantities research
		The density of the mercury fluid, the height of the pressure column, its temperature and the value of the gravitational field are all critical parameters in the instrument to be developed.
		NMI has long been involved with the measurement of the absolute density of water and the comparative density of mercury as well as with the measurement of the effect of dissolved gases on the density of water.
		Current work in density is directed to measuring the density of silicon spheres with relative uncertainties of 1 in 10 million.
	www.measurement.gov.au /index.cfm?event=object.showContent&objectID=7CBA5E62-BCD6-81AC-15017BE81748EF4B (2432 words)

	Euler’s Equation -- momentum-flow and force-density in fluid dynamics
		The density depends on position: The red parcel is denser than the blue parcel.
		At the left edge, the density is relatively low and the velocity is relatively low, causing a small inflow of fluid.
		We have a net outflow of fluid, which causes a decrease in the density of the fluid in the control volume, in accordance with equation 5.
	www.av8n.com /physics/euler-flow.htm (1016 words)

	National Measurement Institute - Mass and related quantities calibration services
		Weights made from material having a density within the range 7500 to 8500 kg/m³ are calibrated on a weight-in-air basis in which the weights are compared in air with standards of known mass and of appropriate density without applying buoyancy corrections.
		The densities of liquids that present no special difficulties, such as arise from high volatility at room temperature, corrosive properties, high viscosity or toxicity, are measured by means of a pycnometer or vibrating element densitometer.
		Densities of liquids may be determined to a lower uncertainty by hydrostatic weighing.
	www.measurement.gov.au /index.cfm?event=object.showContent&objectID=91417136-BCD6-81AC-1E2B98E05A258615 (4009 words)

	Rockwell Automation
		Magnetic attraction is a constant force and is present whether or not the motor is electrically energized.
		Depending on the motor type, the normal force of the magnetic attraction can be up to 10 times the continuous force rating of the motor.
		The magnetic flux density within the air gap of linear motors is typically several thousand gauss.
	www.rockwellautomation.com /anorad/products/linearmotors/questions.html (718 words)

	The Fastest, Simplest, Quickest Derivation Ever of the Ideal Gas Law
		Since the position of the molecules are independent of one another, the spatial density rho(h) of molecules at height h of the gas is proportional to the probability that any given molecule is at height h.
		The presence of this quantity as an argument for E represents the possibility that the energy of the molecule may also depend on the positions of the remaining molecules; that is, that the molecule is not independent of the others.
		This force density is balanced by a gradient in the homogeneous pressure gradient satisfying the equilibrium condition
	www.pitt.edu /~jdnorton/Goodies/Einstein_stat_1905/ideal_gas_law.html (1626 words)

	Dynes and Slugs
		The centrifugal force is independent of the velocity and proportional to the square of the angular velocity, and is in a plane normal to the axis of rotation.
		Since the density of water is 1, its kinematic viscosity in stokes equals its viscosity in poise (but, of course, the units are different, and it is a different thing).
		In this case, the force resisting the motion is F = 6πηaV dynes, where η is in poise, a in cm, and V in cm/s.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/cgsfps.htm#Cgs (5905 words)

	[No title]
		The Community Redevelopment District (CRD) Task Force was established at the behest of the Largo City Commission to discuss the use of a density bonus as a tool to stimulate redevelopment associated with certain mobile home parks located within the proposed expanded boundaries of the West Bay Drive and Clearwater-Largo Road Community Redevelopment Districts.
		The Task Force agreed that this was a major impediment to redevelopment in the Clearwater-Largo Road CRD as the properties with the most blight are in the unincorporated areas and thus must be automatically included in the CRD when annexed and not be subject to the entire process the County has established.
		The equalization rate is established by taking the total number of mobile homes proposed for the density increase (330 units) divided by the total acreage of the parks (15.97 acres) to an equalization density of 21 units per acre.
	www.largo.com /Commission_agendas/commission_packets/jan_28_2003/crd_task_force.html (3001 words)

	Air Expeditionary Force
		As the Air Force changed from the peanut butter-type spread to the cycle 3 teaming concept, some people who were in AEF 5 and 6 were moved into AEF 7 and 8, or AEF 9 and 10.
		Previously, security forces would deploy for about 70 days for Bright Star during their training cycle and then turn around and have to deploy to the desert when they were in their AEF window.
		The AEF's mission during the exercise was to augment exercise forces, validate the capability to rapidly reinforce in-place forces and improve interoperability in joint training.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/agency/usaf/aef-intro.htm (4688 words)

	Forces in the Atmosphere, Page 4 of 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Density is defined as the amount of mass per unit volume, so we can restate the second law as:
		According to Newton's First Law, each of the forces acting on the air must be very weak.
		According to Newton's Second Law, there might be lots of forces, but they must all add up to nearly zero.
	www.met.tamu.edu /class/ATMO151/tut/force/secndlaw.html (390 words)

	Relativistic gravitational force
		If the sign of the mass current were changed, then the sign of the inertial mass density in the force would also need to change, resulting in no change, so there is only one distinguishable sign for mass charge.
		The effect of a weak gravitational force is to bend spacetime.
		The exponential metric derived from the gravitational Lorentz force law is the same as the solution to the field equations (14), a test of self-consistency.
	world.std.com /~sweetser/quaternions/gravity/analog.v4.iop/node5.html (427 words)

	Electroimpact Research Papers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This is characterized by a repulsive force between the coil and the plate.
		Pneumatic handheld force actuators are extremely noisy and over time the constant vibration has been shown to result in permanent physical injury to the wrist of the worker.
		of the force in lieu of magnetic diffusion.
	www.electroimpact.com /research/HFDECDASAE.asp (2554 words)

	SIAP Volume 65 Issue 6
		An integral transform relationship is developed to convert between two important probability density functions (distributions) used in the study of contact forces in granular physics.
		Also, the transforms identify which functional forms are relevant to describing the probability density observed in nature, and so the modified Bessel function of the second kind has been identified as the relevant form for the Cartesian probability density corresponding to exponential forms in the force magnitude distribution.
		Apart from the choice of several coefficients, whose evolution of values must be explained in the physics, this framework successfully reproduces the features of the distribution that aretaken to be an indicator of jamming and unjamming in a granular packing.
	epubs.siam.org /SIAP/volume-65/art_61221.html (268 words)

	Magnetohydrodynamics
		Electromagnetic forces are an essential part of motors and generators, though they generally do not produce significant elastic deformations, and the motions occur with the help of rotating and sliding contacts.
		As shown in the diagram, the density is down to 0.223 of the peak value at the origin at the rms r.
		The direction of the force can be visualized most easily by considering on which side of the wire the sum of the applied fields and the fields caused by the current is larger, as shown in the diagram at the left.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/mhd.htm (7986 words)

	Naval Intelligence: Transforming to Meet the Threat - Page 2
		We are a low-density intelligence force that is now more involved in naval and joint operations than at any time in recent history—and in ways never envisioned until recently.
		Individual augmentation: The total individual augmentation requirement for naval intelligence personnel in 2004 was 280, while the 2005 requirements have already exceeded 314—equivalent to the intelligence manning of three carrier strike groups.
		As the full scope of the Navy's contribution to the global war on terror becomes apparent, the contribution of naval intelligence is significant and growing.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,NI_0905_Naval-P2,00.html (1343 words)

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