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Topic: Forced migration

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	Forced migration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A specific form of forced migration is population transfer, which is a coherent policy to move unwanted persons, perhaps as an attempt at ethnic cleansing.
		Development-induced displacement is a subset of forced migration.
		Such displacement is the forcing of communities and individuals out of their homes, often also their homelands, for the purposes of economic development.It has been historically associated with the construction of dams for hydroelectric power and irrigation purposes but also appears due to many other activities, such as mining.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forced_migration (417 words)

	IASFM Mission - International Association for the Study of Forced Migration
		Forced migration is a general term that refers to the movements of refugees and internally displaced people (people displaced by conflicts) as well as people displaced by natural or environmental disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, or development projects.
		Forced migration is distinguished from voluntary (sometimes called economic) migration by the original absence of a desire or motivation to leave the place of residence.
		Migration becomes a means of escaping from a threatening situation, but the forced migrant is more oriented toward retention or re-establishment of past conditions than is the voluntary migrant.
	web.uni-bamberg.de /~ba6ef3/iasfm/mission.htm (1574 words)

	Ethnic Unmixing and Forced Migration in the Transition Statesby Tim Heleniak
		The recent episode of ethnic cleansing and forced ethnic migration in Kosovo is, unfortunately, all too common among the transition states of Europe and Asia.
		A number of factors dictate the level of migration and the degree to which it is forced.
		Germany and Israel are two homelands that have greatly affected migration patterns in the region by inducing a mass migration of German and Jewish populations.
	www.worldbank.org /html/prddr/trans/julaug99/pgspgs8-11.htm (1576 words)

	Migration Information Source - Confronting the Realities of Forced Migration
		An examination of migration history, as well as a careful categorization of forced migrants and their motivations, is key to understanding the reality behind the rhetoric and headlines.
		First, forced migration is growing in volume and importance, as a result of endemic violence and human rights violations.
		One is the massive increase in forced migration, due to the "new wars" and the widespread abuse of human rights.
	www.migrationinformation.org /feature/display.cfm?ID=222 (3710 words)

	Clark University \| Academic Catalog \|
		"Forced migration" is a term used to describe the process by which people flee political, religious or social persecution; war or other civil disturbance; natural disasters or environmental causes including famine; and the impacts of development efforts.
		This seminar examines the causes of forced migration, methods used to respond to such migration by both hosts and migrants themselves, solutions to forced migration and implications for development processes in areas affected by forced migration.
		Students are introduced to migration theory and practice through anthropological and other social science analysis, legal instruments, policy documents and case studies of the lives of forced migrants and individual assistance operations.
	www.clarku.edu /academiccatalog/course.cfm?id=1099&lc=IDCE30297&mode=GraduateProgram&pprog=18 (168 words)

	UNFPA State of World Population 2006
		Forced migration is that which results from coercion, violence, compelling political or environmental reasons, or other forms of duress, rather than from a voluntary action.
		Although the population of forced migrants is small in comparison to labour migrants, it is made up of some of the most vulnerable and marginalized groups.
		The best-known and most-measured group within the forced migration category is that of "refugees": people who flee countries hit by war, violence, and chaos, and who are unable or unwilling to return to their home countries because they lack effective protection.
	www.unfpa.org /swp/2006/english/chapter_1/forced_migration.html (548 words)

	migration
		Migration as an enduring theme of human history: migrations in ancient times, the historical past, and the present.
		Migration is one of the enduring themes of human history.
		Migrations can be classified as forced, voluntary, or imposed on migrants by circumstances.
	www.geog.tamu.edu /sarah/humangeog/migration8.html (1200 words)

	Global Health Council - International Summer School in Forced Migration
		The scale of forced migration is of growing concern, not least because its burden falls most heavily on the world's poorest nations.
		Understanding the causes and consequences of forced migration, and possessing the practical skills to deal effectively with its challenges, is essential both to the development of effective programmes to assist refugees, and to addressing the root causes of human displacement.
		Participants examine: different views of the nature of forced migration; the historical context of forced migration and its location within broader regional and global processes; the multifaceted realities faced by forced migrants; and the character of current responses to displacement.
	www.globalhealth.org /news/article/2701 (349 words)

	The Inter-Uviversity Forced Migration Conference 2005
		As the impetus for their fight either worsens or improves, they may be forced to accept permanent settlement in a second country, be offered an opportunity to resettle to a third country, or they may be repatriated back to their homes.
		Rarely do professionals from the diverse sectors that work on forced migration issues have the opportunity to engage in discourse, and our goal is to encourage dialogue between academics, refugees, practitioners, government officials, representatives of international organizations, students, and community members in stimulating panel discussions that seek to create synergies and increased collaboration.
		The identity of individuals and communities affected by forced migration are intertwined with the experiences they accumulate in their journeys, and some of these issues will be explored in each of the panel sessions.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /refugeeconference (364 words)

	Forced Migration Online: A world of information on human displacement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The Forced Migration Discussion List welcomes it’s 1000th member, Valérie Scherrer of Handicap International.
		We have prepared an introductory guide to forced migration for visitors who are new to the subject.
		FMO and the Digital Library Project were funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the European Commission between 1997 and 2004.
	www.forcedmigration.org (1040 words)

	Winter Course on Forced Migration
		The Winter Course on Forced Migration is an outcome of the ongoing and past work by the CRG, and other collaborating groups, institutions, scholars, and human rights and humanitarian activists in the field of refugee studies and the broad studies on displacement, human rights and humanitarian work for the victims of forced displacement.
		Although this course is called in short a course on forced migration it discusses the root causes for migrations/displacements (both internal and cross-boundary), and issues such as racism, immigration and xenophobia in the context of displacements thus fall within its purview and are discussed in some details.
		Women's experiences of migration, abduction and destitution during partition and State's responses to it is a pointer to the relationship between women's position as marginal participants in state politics and gender subordination as perpetrated by the State.
	www.mcrg.ac.in /wc05.htm (9466 words)

	Forced Migration Online: Scope Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The targeted user group for FMO is anyone who undertakes research or seeks information in the field of forced migration – that is, students, academics, research institute staff, practitioners, librarians, policy makers, members of the media, information providers, and forced migrants themselves.
		Forced migration overlaps with studies in development, conflict, disaster, and migration.
		While the objective of FMO is to highlight forced migration-specific resources, certain resources with a broader scope may also be featured.
	www.forcedmigration.org /info/scope.htm (495 words)

	Forced Migration Online: About us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Forced Migration Online is a comprehensive web site that provides access to a diverse range of relevant information resources on forced migration.
		Articles from the principal journals in the forced migration field (e.g., Journal of Refugee Studies, International Journal of Refugee Law, Disasters, etc.) represent another potential documentary source.
		This is because they may include forced migration within their coverage, and in doing so, serve as valuable research tools for FMO users.
	www.forcedmigration.org /about-us.htm (1212 words)

	Forced Migration Student Conference 2005 - Oxford Brookes University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The growing national and international interest on the refugee phenomenon is currently reflected in the growing number of students working in the field of forced migration in the UK.
		The First Annual Student Conference on Forced Migration, held in Oxford in February 2003, proved to be a successful response to the need for a postgraduate student forum on forced migration and asylum in the UK.
		Therefore, The Second Annual Student Conference on Forced Migration at Warwick was organised with the same ethos, entirely coordinated by students with the aim of creating a relaxed and supportive environment in which postgraduates can meet, present and share their research and their experience.
	www.brookes.ac.uk /schools/planning/dfm/FMSC (317 words)

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		The forced migration discussion list is a forum for information exchange and discussion on the problem of refugees and other forcibly displaced or involuntarily resettled persons.
		Ethnic Unmixing and Forced Migration in the Transition Statesby Tim Heleniak')" href="http://click.hotbot.com/director.asp?site=search.lycos.com&partner=&start_group=retriever_topic&id=1&keys=Forced&target=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fhtml%2Fprddr%2Ftrans%2Fjulaug99%2Fpgspgs8-11.htm">worldbank.org
		Forced migration is also a field of interest to users coming from a range of different disciplinary backgrounds and perspectives – e.g., the social sciences, area studies, medicine, and law.
	www.lycos.com /info/forced--forced-migration.html (443 words)

	IASFM - International Association for the Study of Forced Migration
		The International Association for the Study of Forced Migration (IASFM) is an independent and self-governing community of scholars and practitioners who are concerned about understanding forced migration and about improving the formulation of policies and administration of programs dealing with refugees and other displaced persons.
		We are committed to coming to areas of the world where forced migration is a pressing concern, interacting with people in different world regions, and learning from (and teaching) each other.
		The first International Conference on Forced Migration sponsored by the IASFM was in Kenya in 1996, the second in Jerusalem in 1998, and the third in Johannesburg, South Africa in January 2001.
	www.uni-bamberg.de /%7Eba6ef3/iasfm (533 words)

	COMPAS \| Forced Migration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The governance of international migration is structured around the distinction between ‘voluntary' and ‘forced' migration, even though it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between the two in practice.
		Research at COMPAS on forced migration focuses on the empirical, conceptual and policy bases for making such a distinction and addresses its implications for the everyday lives of migrants and for the policies that affect them.
		'Forced migration, globalization and governance' (two panels of six papers) at the Queen Elizabeth House, 50th Anniversary Conference on ‘New development threats and promises', 4-5 July 2005, University of Oxford.
	www.compas.ox.ac.uk /research/_Forced%20Migration.shtml (673 words)

	The American University in Cairo (AUC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The phenomenon of forced migration continues to challenge global society on the levels of international politics, law and human rights, social and population policies, and humanitarian short and long-term responses.
		Forced Migration and Refugee Studies at AUC is a program of education, research and outreach that seeks to improve the understanding, policies and practices of those who are concerned or work directly with refugees and other forced migrants.
		It offers a multi-disciplinary graduate diploma for that purpose and supports research and service activities that are mutually re-enforcing, grounded in the needs of stakeholders,and promote a growing appreciation of the social, psychosocial, economic, cultural and political relevance of forced migration to academics, practitioners and the general public.
	www.aucegypt.edu /academic/fmrs/index.html (249 words)

	The Forced Migration of Jews From Arab Countries and Peace
		The uprooted Jews from Arab countries in Israel feel that although the displacement of Palestinians is well documented and relatively well known, their own forced migration from Arab countries has been overlooked and this fact makes them rather intransigent toward a possible solution of the conflict that does not include their own heritage and history.
		Taking into account the forced migration of the Jews from the Arab countries as part of the tragedies incurred during this long and painful conflict, would give a better chance to peace.
		However, for the most part, they were forced to become refugees overnight, to flee from their homes and to abandon centuries of established culture and tradition as a result of persecutions which made life for Jews in Arab countries increasingly unbearable.
	www.hsje.org /forcedmigration.htm (4517 words)

	Forced Migration-Refugees
		For suicide bomber, or terrorist, the pain of death is quick, for refugees it is slow and tortuous.
		Women are forced to watch their children die of hunger, or diarrhea, as they search in vain for salvation.
		Rebels and terrorists demand community support, while government and paramilitary forces terrorize the public in viscous attempts to "drain the pond" that sustains insurgency.
	www.flashpoints.info /issue_briefings/Forced_Migration-Refugees-web/Forced_Migration-Refu_main.html (591 words)

	Migration Information Source - Statistics on Forced Migration
		The story ("UN Coaxes Out the Wheres and Whys of Global Immigration," July 7, 2002) points out a lack of official data and harmonized definitions, weak analytical tools, and abuse by officials as the underlying reasons for this deplorable situation.
		Statistics on international forced migration are available for virtually all countries, are frequently updated, and are comparable among countries.
		Clearly, an important factor in the rapid increase in availability of refugee and asylum data is technology, which allows for a much more efficient sharing of data from administrative systems.
	www.migrationinformation.org /Feature/display.cfm?ID=49 (1296 words)

	War and forced migration in Egypt: the experience of evacuation from the Suez Canal cities Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ) ...
		This analysis of the "forced migration" experience in Egypt is a contribution to a broader understanding of the contemporary processes of response to war and disaster in the Arab world.
		As in many other cases of forced migration, people's flight was caused by unexpected warfare, but this Egyptian case has some unique features.
		Janet Abu-Lughod (1985:180-181) refers to this as a 'war-induced migration of urban people.' The peak of migration from the Suez Canal area to the rest of Egypt was in 1967-1969, and with the Egyptian recovery of the Sinai through treaty after the 1973 war, a return movement began in 1974 and continued until about 1976.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2501/is_3_27/ai_n15795980 (885 words)

	Winter course on forced migration
		The curriculum will deal with themes of nationalism, ethnicity, partition, and partition-refuges, national and international regimes of protection, political issues relating to regional trends in migration in South Asia, internal displacement, the gendered nature of forced migration and protection framework, and resource politics, environmental degradation and forced migration.
		Application must have (a) 3 years experience in the work of protection of the victims of forced displacement, or hold post-graduate degree in Social Sciences or Liberal Arts, and (b) proficiency in English.
		Besides giving all necessary particulars, application must be accompanied by an appropriate recommendation letter and a 500-1000 word write-up on how the programme is relevant to the applicant's work and may benefit the applicant.
	www.pucl.org /Topics/Industries-envirn-resettlement/2003/forced-migration-course.htm (273 words)

	Forced Migration Laboratory
		In December 2002, the Forced Migration Laboratory at the Center for Comparative Immigration Studies was launched in order to address the relative lack of working partnerships and dialogue between San Diego’s refugee resettlement agencies, community-based assistance organizations, and academics.
		The Forced Migration Laboratory brings together academic specialists on refugee movements, leaders of non-governmental and community-based organizations that serve refugee communities, and public policymakers to evaluate refugee resettlement programs and practices, focusing particularly on the San Diego region.
		This panel brings together academics and activists to discuss whether current "homeland security" measures and the rise in immigrant deportations and detentions might be considered a form of forced migration.
	www.ccis-ucsd.org /Programs/FML.htm (914 words)

	DRC Migration, Globalisation and Poverty
		The Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty was established in June 2003, in recognition of the complex relationship between migration and poverty.
		The DRC examines migration flows in which poor people themselves are most represented and how migration impacts variously on their livelihoods, rights and levels of social protection...
		The Migration DRC is a partnership between institutions in South Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Central and Eastern Europe.
	www.migrationdrc.org (180 words)

	Global perspectives on forced migration: International Development Research Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		All over the world, millions of people have been forced from their homes, by violent conflict, persecution and human rights violations.
		Yet others are forced from their homes by development projects, environmental change and disasters.
		Conflict and forced migration have not declined since the end of the Cold War.
	www.idrc.org.sg /en/ev-101527-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html (158 words)

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