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	Daniel Carleton Gajdusek - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gajdusek correctly connected the prevalence of the disease with the practice of funerary cannibalism, practiced by the South Fore.
		Gajdusek correctly concluded that the disease was transmitted in the ritualistic eating of the brains of deceased relatives, which was practiced by the Fore.
		Though Gajdusek was not able to identify the infective agent that spreads Kuru, further research led to the identification of rogue proteins called prions as the cause of Kuru.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Daniel_Carleton_Gajdusek (689 words)

	Mad Cow Disease/Kuru/CJD In The Fore Tribe
		There they experimented upon the Fore Indian tribe and inoculated them with a minced-up version of the brains of diseased sheep containing the visna virus which causes "mad cow disease" or Creutzfeldt÷Jakob disease.
		About five or six years later, after the Japanese had been driven out, the poor people of the Fore tribe developed what they called kuru, which was their word for "wasting", and they began to shake, lose their appetites and die.
		In 1957, when the disease was beginning to blossom in full among the Fore people, Dr Carleton Gajdusek of the US National Institutes of Health headed to New Guinea to determine how the minced-up brains of the visna-infected sheep affected them.
	www.rense.com /general46/force.htm (280 words)

	Fore Tribe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
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		Fore Christ pagina oficial de fore christ en Costa Rica.
		Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama Who the tribe is, tribal activities and schedules, where to contact the tribe officials.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Fore_Tribe.html (265 words)

	Emerging Worlds: Chronic Illness and Viral Infections
		Yet the case of a similar disease among a tribe of cannibals from Papua New Guinea is proving an unlikely source of enlightenment to scientists.
		The condition was first noticed by western scientists in the 1950s among members of the Fore tribe, based in the jungle highlands of Papua New Guinea.
		Fore men supplemented their bean-and-sweet-potato diets with small game, but women and children lacked protein.
	www.emergingworlds.com /ch_article.cfm?link=Cannibalism's_Clues_to_CJD.htm (796 words)

	Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This was rampant among the South Fore people New Guinea in the 1950's and 1960's.
		Gajdusek connected the prevalence of the disease with practice of funerary cannibalism practiced by the South Fore.
		Though was not able to identify the infective that spreads Kuru further research led to identification of rogue proteins called prions as the cause of Kuru.
	www.freeglossary.com /D_Carleton_Gajdusek (609 words)

	11/4/2003 -- Gene Study Finds Cannibal Pattern
		This fact is known from study of the Fore, a tribe in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea that started to practice ritual cannibalism at the end of the 19th century.
		Besides the example of the Fore, there is "strong evidence for widespread cannibalistic practices in many prehistoric populations," the researchers say.
		Mead, a neurologist, said he was studying the kuru epidemic among the Fore to learn the incubation time of the disease, a critical factor in predicting how large the cow-derived prion disease epidemic is likely to be in England.
	forests.org /articles/reader.asp?linkid=21646 (1139 words)

	DNA helps confirm our cannibalistic past
		They routinely consumed the bodies of their recently deceased, and Gajdusek figured out that some agent in the brains of the corpses (he thought it was a virus) was infecting those who participated in the ritual feast, most of whom were women and children.
		But younger members of the Fore tribe, who grew up after cannibalism was banned, showed the usual mix of pairs of identical and different genes.
		Collinge concluded that as long as Kuru was rampant in the Fore tribe, having two different prion genes was protective against the disease, and those who didn't have them, died.
	www.organicconsumers.org /madcow/dna42503.cfm (723 words)

	Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gajdusek correctly connected the prevalence of the disease with thepractice of funerary cannibalism, practiced by the South Fore.
		Vincent Zigas, a districtmedical officer in the Fore Tribe region of New Guinea first introduced Gajdusek to Kuru.
		Gajdusek correctly concluded that the disease wastransmitted in the ritualistic eating of the brains of deceased relatives, which was practiced by the Fore.
	www.therfcc.org /daniel-carleton-gajdusek-59299.html (386 words)

	New clues unearthed in debate over cannibalism \| The San Diego Union-Tribune
		And there are all those tales and studies, from ancient explorers to 20th-century anthropologists who reported cultures like the Fore tribe of Papua New Guinea employing cannibalism, ritually and routinely.
		The researchers found that three-quarters of the Fore women, supposedly the primary consumers of human flesh at "mortuary feasts," possessed a genetic resistance to kuru.
		The scientists speculate that the Fore may have evolved this resistance as a means of self-protection.
	www.signonsandiego.com /uniontrib/20040728/news_1c28singular.html (564 words)

	Cannibalism -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cannibalism has been attributed to many different tribes and races in the past, but the degree to which it has actually occurred and been socially sanctioned is an extremely controversial in (The social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings) anthropology.
		The well known case of mortuary cannibalism of the Fore tribe in New Guinea which resulted in the spread of the disease (100 kurus equal 1 lira) Kuru is well documented and not seriously questioned by modern anthropologists.
		Aztecs believed that there were man-eating tribes in the south of Mexico; the only ilustration known showing an act of cannibalism shows an Aztec being eaten by a tribe from the south (Florentine Codex).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/ca/cannibalism.htm (3779 words)

	EXN.ca \| Discovery
		The Fore came to scientists' attention in the 1940s and 1950s when members of the tribe came down with a unpleasant and fatal disease, known as kuru.
		The Fore of New guinea were particularly unfortunate because they contributed directly to the persistence of kuru by consuming their dead relatives.
		The Fore tribe remain the only example of constant transmission of a prion disease * the others are much more sporadic.
	www.exn.ca /Stories/1999/10/13/60.cfm (740 words)

	Cannibalism holdswarning of mad cow: By eating their dead, a remote Pacific tribe hoped to become immortal. Instead it ...
		For generations, the Fore tribe in the remote mountains of Papua New Guinea held lavish mortuary feasts to commemorate the death of one of their relatives.
		The Fore died of kuru because they ate the remains of other Fore who died of kuru.
		To this day, scientists see one or two new cases a year of middle-aged Fore tribe members who would have been contaminated as children, before cannibalism was stopped.
	www.organicconsumers.org /madcow/cannibalism6301.cfm (1325 words)

	www.verymadcow.co.uk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We all know that the Fore tribe were mindless cannibals who ate each other and suffered Kuru as a result.
		Among the Fore tribe, boys of prepubertal age are removed from the women’s houses and enter the men’s house, the Wa’e.
		It should be remembered, that the South Sea Islands were at that time largely unknown, believed to be inhabited by tribes of savages with missionary size cooking pots, waiting to invite shipwrecked sailors FOR dinner, rather than TO dinner.
	control.netbenefit.com /users/www.verymadcow.co.uk/index.php?f=data_home&a=4 (758 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Advancing Prion Science: Guidance for the National Prion Research Program -- Interim Report (2003)
		The identification of a previously unknown malady in the Fore Tribe of Papua New Guinea drew international attention to the group of brainwasting diseases called transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs).
		The tribe called the illness kuru, meaning "to tremble" or "to shiver." Studies of the brains of deceased patients revealed widespread neurodegeneration marked by vacuoles in the cytoplasms of nerve cells (Klatzo et al., 1959).
		The vacuoles gave the victims' brains a sponge-like appearance at the microscopic level, hence the term "spongiform encephalopathy." Ethnological and epidemiological studies indicated that kuru was transmitted during an endocannibalistic1 funeral ritual (Alpers, 1968; Gajdusek, 1977; Glasse, 1967).
	www.nap.edu /books/0309087449/html/23.html (5305 words)

	Mad Cow Jumps Over Moon
		The Fore, he would quickly learn, had a most unpleasant habit of eating their dead relatives.
		They consumed every morsel - including the brain, which was scooped out by the women of the tribe and fed to their hungry children.
		When they came down with a similar disease, he quickly recommended that the Fore tribe stop eating their relatives.
	www.scienceforpeople.com /Raves/mad_cow.htm (1535 words)

	THEORY OF LINGUISTIC DERIVATION: CONTINUING STUDY
		These four tribes (and possibly others) were so violent as to warrant (if it were needed, which it is not, at the present time) the creation of a new category of violence: extremely violent.
		This area, in which a few Menomini tribe members apparently were violent, clearly cannot be considered to outweigh the evidence and observations of many other individuals that most Menomini tribe members were considerably less violent within their group, and in relations with other groups, than most other groups in the Great Lakes area.
		Two of the tribes, the Mohave, at the north end of the valley, and the Quechan (Yuman) in the middle, were among the most aggressive and violent in the southwest area.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~reed0180/page4.html (10965 words)

	Pacific knows terrors of degenerative brain disease long before madcow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Kuru, known as the laughing disease because its victims died with a strange smile, was found among the 35,000 Fore who lived on sweet potato and pork.
		In the 1940s anthrax and swine pneumonia hit the extensive pig herds and Fore began engaging in extensive cannibalism of their relatives.
		Fore were convinced laughing death was a result of sorcery and as it had a long incubation period it was not easy to make the link.
	203.97.34.63 /png7.htm (854 words)

	The Hindu : Were we cannibals long ago?
		And the tribe called Fore in Papua New Guinea, chronicled to be man-eaters, appear to do so as part of a religious ritual.
		He found that the family and neighbours of a dead Fore ceremonially chewed on the dead person's brain in order to ensure a safe after-life for the deceased.
		Among Fore, the number of women carrying one copy of each variant (heterozygotes) instead of two copies of one or the other, was particularly high.
	hinduonnet.com /thehindu/seta/2003/04/24/stories/2003042400030200.htm (1275 words)

	Seslisozluk.com free online turkish dictionary turkish english translation ingilizce sözlük çeviri tercüme ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A disease found in the Fore tribe in New Guinea, and due to the eating of human infected tissue by members of a tribe In general the women ate brain tissue rather than the men and so it was the women and children that died relatively rapidly of the disease.
		A TSE found only in the Fore tribe in New Guinea most likely related to ritualistic cannabalism carried out amoung members of the tribe Transmissibility of the disease has been established through the work of Gadjusek.
		A human transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, found in the Fore people in New Guinea New cases are now extremely rare, after being at a high frequency just a few decades ago.
	www.seslisozluk.com /?word=kuru (582 words)

	eMedicine - Kuru : Article by Paul A Janson, MD
		Kuru may have been introduced into the Fore culture as a single (or a few) case(s) of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that crossed the species barrier and became widespread as a result of the endocannibalistic rituals practiced by the Fore.
		The Fore believe the disease began with the arrival of white men, and the idea that kuru may have began when individuals with CJD were introduced into the cannibalistic ritual has been proposed.
		To establish the diagnosis of kuru, a member of the Fore tribe must have a clinical disease that is characteristic and should have a history of attending cannibalistic feasts.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1248.htm (3540 words)

	Pacific Knew Terror Of Brain-Wasting Disease Long Before Mad Cow
		In the 1940s, 50s and 60s, a disease known as kuru tore through the Fore tribe of Papua New Guineas Eastern Highlands.
		Kuru, known as the laughing disease because victims died with a strange smile on their faces, was found among the 35,000 Fore, who lived largely on sweet potato and pork.
		The disease's origins were traced to a bout of anthrax and pneumonia that hit the Fore's extensive pig herds and which prompted the Fore to engage in extensive cannibalism of their relatives.
	www.rense.com /general6/beforemd.htm (575 words)

	Vanguard News Network Forum - View Single Post - Will you die of "Mad Cow" disease?
		Luckily due to some studies made during the 1950s on the Fore tribe in New Guinea, scientists reached a conclusion relatively quickly.
		When one of their tribal members would die of "Kuru" (in Fore it means "trembling") they would honor him / her by eating their remains.
		Supposedly the Fore no longer practice cannibalism, though judging by the progress made by their brothers and sisters in Africa (and the US), I am not convinced.
	www.vnnforum.com /showpost.php?p=66335&postcount=3 (390 words)

	Simonsays.com > SimonSays > Brain Trust: The Hidden Connection Between Mad Cow and Misdiagnosed Alzheimer's Disease ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Fore lived in the remote highlands and had had very little contact with the outside world.
		Kuru was ripping apart the fabric of the Fore tribe, because every death from kuru demanded a death in revenge of the presumed sorcerer who had cursed the victim.
		The Fore respected his commitment to searching out new cases of kuru, even though they knew all attempts to solve the mystery were folly because "kuru was sorcery" and was immune to Western medicine.
	www.simonsays.com /content/content.cfm?sid=33&pid=501042&agid=2 (2962 words)

	Mad cow disease came from humans suggests new theory
		Kuru (also known as laughing sickness due to the outbursts of laughter that mark its second phase) was first noted in New Guinea in the early 1900s.
		By the 1950s, anthropologists and Australian government officials reported that kuru was rampant among the South Fore, a group of individuals that practiced ritual cannibalism.
		The vast majority of victims among the South Fore were women, who traditionally fed on human brains during ceremonial practices.
	news.mongabay.com /2005/0906-mad_cow.html (831 words)

	PJ Online \| Onlooker (Common complaint / Price of prions / Change and decay)
		The Fore occupied a remote highland region in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea which had previously had no contact with the outside world, but was on the discovery of the strange epidemic subjected to intense scrutiny.
		Among the Fore tribe the number of women carrying one copy of each variant was particularly high.
		Protection of the Fore against kuru may have been achieved by possession of one copy of each variant.
	www.pharmj.com /Editorial/20030607/comment/onlooker.html (1179 words)

	Augusta Georgia: technology@ugusta: Richard Rhodes' latest book tracks mysterious disease agent 6/11/97
		Kogosa knew she would die because she, like her mother and sister before her, had kuru, a disease that a few decades ago was killing 300 members of the 30,000-strong Fore tribe every year.
		They died because they ate their dead, ingesting a mysterious disease agent that struck within months, or, as in the case of Kogosa, incubated in the spleen for decades.
		The book documents how a knot of researchers since the 1950s have pieced together the similarities of spongiform diseases that killed the Fore in New Guinea, mink populations in Idaho and Wisconsin, cattle in Britain and sheep throughout the world.
	www.augustachronicle.com /stories/061297/tech_book.html (729 words)

	Aquatic Pathogens-Viruses
		It occurred in geographically isolated tribes in the Fore highlands of New Guinea.
		It is speculated that at some point in the past one Fore tribe member developed CJD and since brain tissue is highly infectious this allowed the disease to spread.
		Afflicted tribes were encouraged not to ingest brain tissue and the incidence of disease rapidly declined and is now almost unknown.
	wlapwww.gov.bc.ca /wat/wq/reference/viruses.html (19363 words)

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