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Topic: Foreign policy doctrine

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	Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Doctrine, from Latin doctrina, (compare doctor), means "a body of teachings" or "instructions", taught principles or positions, as the body of teachings in a branch of knowledge or belief system.
		In matters of foreign policy, a doctrine is a body of axioms fundamental to the exercise of a nation's foreign policy.
		Doctrines of this sort are almost always presented as the personal creations of one particular political leader, whom they are named after.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Doctrine (349 words)

	Foreign policy doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A foreign policy doctrine is a general statement of foreign policy.
		The purpose of a foreign policy doctrine is to provide general rules for the conduct of foreign policy.
		"Doctrine" is usually not meant to have any negative connotations; it is especially not to be confused with "dogma".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_policy_doctrine (174 words)

	Military doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Military doctrine is a level of military planning between national strategy and unit-level tactics, techniques, and procedures.
		Doctrine may be shared among the armed services of a nation as well as be specific to a branch.
		United States military doctrine is specified in a set of documents which are intended to support the National Security Strategy of the United States.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Military_doctrine (563 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Comparing Democratic foreign policy and its results with the current administration, one can see that President Bush and the Republican party entered the 2000 elections with a plan for US foreign policy and after the attacks on September 11, 2001, was able to push that plan through without too much dissent.
		President Clinton’s actions in Kosovo were aligned with the foreign policy that he had outlined in 1992; the US had taken action to provide aid in a region of humanitarian concern. The same cannot be said for his inaction surrounding the conflict in Rwanda a year earlier.
		While Kosovo and Rwanda are two stark examples of unclear Clinton foreign policy, crisis in Haiti and the reason for Clinton’s authorization of the use of military force also challenge the argument that Clinton had a foreign policy; some maintain that Clinton involved the US in Haiti at the request of the Black Congressional Caucus.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/jid3/dem1.doc (1437 words)

	Event (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		At that time, the foreign policy debate was revolving around the question of Russia's belonging: whether the country should develop its foreign policy primarily to the West or the East.
		The second factor that influenced the creation of the foreign policy doctrine of 1993 was the bitter experience of the miscalculated foreign policy of 1991-1993 when Russia hastily proclaimed itself a member of the Western political community and, in Mr.
		The idea of multilateral foreign policy came with the understanding that it would not be possible for Russia to survive in the new international environment, had it not created a network for cooperation with all the meaningful international actors including international organizations, both globally and regionally.
	www.upi-fiia.fi /tilaisuudet/2003/Kuznetsov061103.htm (883 words)

	Russia revamps foreign policy [Free Republic]
		The foreign policy statement seems to suggest a pragmatic, pro-Western approach by Putin, but Russian policy is ever-changing, reacting to events.
		Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov described the approach as "pragmatism" and said one of the key concepts is that Russian foreign policy "should effectively help solve domestic tasks."
		The emphasis on economics is in part a response to criticism that the Foreign Ministry has been slow to defend such national interests as the competition for Caspian Sea oil in recent years.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a396c0c697869.htm (705 words)

	washingtonpost.com: Freedom Is Not a Doctrine
		A foreign policy doctrine, however, it is not.
		The bottom line is that while the nature of other societies should always be a foreign policy consideration, it cannot and should not always be the foreign policy priority.
		Again, none of this is meant to suggest that the United States should conduct an amoral foreign policy that ignores what governments are doing to their citizens.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A31593-2005Jan23?language=printer (842 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The new foreign policy doctrine stresses that a "general improvement of the situation in Asia" is of "crucial importance" to Russia.
		At the same time, one of Russia's main foreign policy goals will be "the development of friendly ties with key Asian states, primarily China and India." In particular, Russia will aim to raise the level of political ties with China to that of economic ones.
		Foreign Minister Janos Martonyi said the issue of state responsibility must be enshrined in a new Hungarian-Romanian agreement on environmental protection.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2000/07/110700.asp (6220 words)

	Rage, Hubris, and Regime Change by Ken Jowitt - Policy Review, No. 118 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Bush national security doctrine is a response to the likely proliferation of horrendous “wildcat violence” when state disintegration and/or the covert actions of tyrannical regimes offer movements of rage access to insidious weapons whose advanced technology demands only global reach, not global power.
		The Bush doctrine may posit that war against rogue states, the end of terrorism, and democratic development go together by way of regime change; the strategic reality might be quite different.
		In this irony of ironies, the Bush administration’s identification of regime change as critical to its anti-terrorist policy and integral to its desire for a democratic capitalist world has led to an active “Leninist” foreign policy in place of Fukuyama’s passive “Marxist” social teleology.
	www.policyreview.org /apr03/jowitt.html (3539 words)

	TAP: Vol 13, Iss. 24. The High and the Mighty. Stanley Hoffmann. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		But until now, the debate over what kind of foreign policy American exceptionalism demands was always conducted in those terms: geography and democracy, distance and engagement, realism and idealism.
		In sum, the Bush doctrine proclaims the emancipation of a colossus from international constraints (including from the restraints that the United States itself enshrined in networks of international and regional organizations after World War II).
		Iraq is seen by the new exceptionalists as the best place to test the new doctrine: It has a horrid regime, a record of aggressions and violations of UN demands, and a history of relentless questing for weapons of mass destruction.
	www.prospect.org /print/V13/24/hoffmann-s.html (2773 words)

	And Now, A Clinton Doctrine? -- Ivo H. Daalder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Nixon Doctrine in 1969 took a step back, asking countries in Asia to do more to ensure their own internal security and prepare for defense against all but major powers.
		This self-described foreign policy doctrine is more ambitious than any of its predecessors, committing American power not only to defend vital national interests in a specific region but to protect human rights wherever and whenever they are violated.
		The real Clinton Doctrine is that America may intervene militarily, but only if the killings have been shown on television, if the country is located in an area of strategic significance, and if air power alone can do the job at acceptable cost.
	www.brook.edu /views/op-ed/Daalder/19990710.htm (717 words)

	Putin Approves New Russian Foreign Policy Doctrine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A top priority for the foreign ministry would be to defend Russian economic interests abroad, the agency reported.
		Ria-Novosti also said the role and tasks of the Russian foreign intelligence services would be enhanced under the new foreign policy conception, without giving further details.
		The new foreign policy doctrine is linked to a new Russian security doctrine adopted by the Kremlin earlier this year, under which Russia hardened its line on use of its nuclear arsenal.
	english.people.com.cn /english/200007/02/print20000702_44479.html (409 words)

	Iraq Occupation Erodes Bush Doctrine (washingtonpost.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The occupation of Iraq has increasingly undermined, and in some cases discredited, the core tenets of President Bush's foreign policy, according to a wide range of Republican and Democratic analysts and U.S. officials.
		As a result, Bush doctrine could become the biggest casualty of U.S. intervention in Iraq, which is entering a new phase this week as the United States prepares to hand over power to the new Iraqi government.
		Policy supporters argue that current realities will keep some form of all four ideas in future policy.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A10539-2004Jun27.html (670 words)

	LP_questions_6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Monroe's foreign policy doctrine has been actively applied in many instances after he left office.
		Explain three situations where his foreign policy doctrine has been used.
		Foreign policy gives a president a unique opportunity to shape public opinion.
	www.historywise.com /LP_questions_6.htm (541 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Ideas / The Kennan century
		Kennan's most significant policy pronouncements adhered to the foreign policy doctrine known as realism, founded on the idea that nations should act in their own self-interest rather than any desire to improve the world.
		Through the 1940s and `50s, he spoke out against the policy of "rollback," the notion that Americans should capitalize on their immense military advantage to challenge Stalin directly.
		The "realities of American foreign policy" (a term Kennan used frequently) dictated cutting American losses in Vietnam, seeking nuclear disarmament, and working to reverse environmental degradation -- policies he defended strictly in terms of national interests.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/ideas/articles/2004/02/29/the_kennan_century (1132 words)

	Putin signs foreign policy doctrine [Free Republic]
		The document was apparently part of the national security doctrine Putin signed earlier this year, which broadens the Kremlin's authority to use nuclear weapons and accuses the United States of trying to weaken Russia.
		The foreign policy doctrine replaces one adopted in 1993.
		Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov was quoted as saying: "The special thing about this new conception is that it's more realistic than the one approved in 1993."
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a395d5ef8591d.htm (757 words)

	The Self-interest of National Security
		A memorandum written in 1950 to outline the US policy on the cold war could almost be a blueprint for Bush's current doctrine, writes Mark Tran.
		The Nixon doctrine, which grew out of the Vietnam war debacle, sought to steer America away from further military entanglements by relying on key regional allies to further US foreign policy goals.
		Partly as an outgrowth of the September 11 attacks, a Bush doctrine is now emerging that places pre-emptive action as a form of self-defence at its core.
	www.buzzle.com /editorials/9-20-2002-26706.asp (682 words)

	State of the Union Address 1980
		At long last, we must have a clear, comprehensive energy policy for the United States.
		The single biggest factor in the inflation rate last year, the increase in the inflation rate last year, was from one cause: the skyrocketing prices of OPEC oil.
		We must take whatever actions are necessary to reduce our dependence on foreign oil--and at the same time reduce inflation.
	www.jimmycarterlibrary.org /documents/speeches/su80jec.phtml (2979 words)

	ЦПКР - Foreign politics of the week 25.10 - 31.10.04 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		According to the US foreign policy doctrine, all regions of the world are included in sphere of their interests, so it is extremely important whether change of the American political leader will take place.
		In case of its realization, precedent for similar sues of other foreign minotitarians of the oil company, total share of whom is 25-27%, can be created.
		At the same time, foreign minoriratian shareholders of “YUKOS” will get ground of action against the RF only in case of realization of asserts of company in undercharge, what means this will happen not earlier than possible sale of “Yuganskneftegas”.
	www.ancentr.ru /portal/article2522.html (1642 words)

	Machiavellian foreign policy
		Even more blunt was a 1980 article in the influential Foreign Affairs by John Hopkins political scientist Robert W. Tucker; in regard to Central America, he wrote, "we have regularly played a determining role in making and in unmaking governments, and we have defined what we have considered to be the acceptable behavior of governments.
		The purpose of its policy in Central America, said the U.S. government, was to protect the country from the Soviet threat: a Soviet base in Nicaragua and a possible Soviet base in El Salvador.
		In the operations of U.S. foreign policy after World War II, there were a few bold people who rejected Machiavellian subservience and refused to accept the going orthodoxies.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /Foreign_Policy/Machiavelli_ForPol.html (7234 words)

	The Foreign Policy Forum
		Unfortunately for him — and many would say it is about time — more astute foreign policy voices have joined the fray and seek to modify Bush’s often-disjointed, frequently-counterproductive, always poorly-defined policy toward Iraq.
		Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov politely but firmly demurred.
		Search for information concerning the foreign policy issues that are most important to you.
	www.foreignpolicyforum.com (346 words)

	RUSSIA / FOREIGN POLICY
		Ivanov says - today our foreign policy resources are limited for objective reasons, so we will concentrate them first on areas of vital importance to us.
		Meanwhile, the foreign policy doctrine distributed to reporters outlines a wide-ranging strategy.
		The doctrine is the first since 1993, when Moscow re- ordered its post-Soviet diplomatic priorities, dropping its Cold War stance and focusing instead on seeking aid and advice from the United States and Western Europe.
	www.globalsecurity.org /wmd/library/news/russia/2000/000710-rus1.htm (457 words)

	Bush Doctrine
		The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq are the defining aspects of what has become known as the Bush Doctrine, a foreign policy marked by strategic military preemption and unilateralism, and making no distinction between terrorists and those who harbor them.
		These neo-conservative tendencies represent a marked change from previous foreign policy doctrines, and have given rise to serious questions about the role of America as the dominant power in a modern, globalized world.
		The Washington Post reported (June 2004) that the "Bush doctrine could become the biggest casualty of U.S. intervention in Iraq," as "the occupation of Iraq has increasingly undermined, and in some cases discredited, the core tenets of President Bush's foreign policy" (Washington Post: Iraq Ocupation Erodes Bush Doctrine).
	zfacts.com /p/677.html (199 words)

	foreign policy doctrine list (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		2002, briefly outlines the new Bush foreign policy doctrine of global military domination and interventionism...
		But on narrow ground the doctrine is not really new, it's extreme.
		Alternative Foreign Policy for America in the Twenty-first Century...
	www.jenin.org /5823-foreignpolicydoctrinelist.htm (304 words)

	Truman Library, Truman Doctrine Activity
		President Truman declared, "It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." The sanction of aid to Greece and Turkey by a Republican Congress indicated the beginning of a long and enduring bipartisan cold war foreign policy.
		The Truman Doctrine has raised profound questions from historians regarding its origins, long-term consequences, and the relationship between domestic and foreign policy.
		I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /teacher/doctrine.htm (2179 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Home
		Foreign governments want control of the Internet transferred from an American NGO to an international institution.
		Germany's recent elections have resulted in a changing of the political guard in Berlin, with one of the casualties being the charismatic foreign minister Joschka Fischer.
		Hurricane Katrina's ravages in the Gulf Coast earlier this month have left many foreign policy experts questioning the Department of Homeland Security's capacity to prevent or limit the damages of a large-scale terrorist attack on the United States.
	www.foreignaffairs.org (569 words)

	Foreign Policy In Focus Media Advisory
		Washington, D.C. TransAfrica Forum and Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF) are pleased to announce and invite you to an event on Tuesday, September 9, 2003, featuring the publication Power Trip: U.S. Foreign Policy After September 11 (Seven Stories Press, 2003).
		Foreign Policy Library's Writers' Corner series, and will take place at TransAfrica Forum, 1426 21st Street, NW, Washington, D.C. (at the corner of 21st and P Streets, NW, near Dupont Circle), from 6:30 to 8:30 pm.
		Foreign Policy In Focus (FPIF) is a joint project of the Institute for Policy Studies and the Interhemispheric Resource Center.
	www.fpif.org /media/releases/2003/0819powertrip_body.html (391 words)

	National Committee on American Foreign Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On May 9, 2001, the National Committee on American Foreign Policy convened a closed-door and off-the-record roundtable discussion on "Can Muslims Accept Israel in Their Midst?" The panelists were Muslim scholars at U.S. universities teaching Islamic law and former Muslim diplomats now residing in the West.
		The purpose of this report is to make available to the foreign policy community the views that were expressed at the roundtable.
		It was recalled by one panelist that the supremacy of Islam²constitutes the doctrinal motivation of "jihad" (holy war) that allowed Arabs to conquer a vast empire stretching from India and China to the Atlantic and Spain in the seventh and eighth centuries.
	www.ncafp.org /projects/MiddleEast/rdmuslims.htm (3994 words)

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