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Topic: Foreign relations of Luxembourg

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	Luxembourg (country) - MSN Encarta
		In 1951 Luxembourg became a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), and six years later it was one of the original signatories of the European Economic Community (EEC, often referred to as the Common Market), a forerunner of the European Union (EU).
		Luxembourg was the first EU member state to meet all of the economic, financial, and legal requirements set out by the Maastricht Treaty.
		At the close of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, Luxembourg was established as a grand duchy by the Congress of Vienna and placed under the rule of William I, king of the Netherlands.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761562359_3/Luxembourg_(country).html (1093 words)

	The Virtual Jewish History Tour - Luxembourg
		Luxembourg was founded in 963 CE by Count Siegfried, and the first record of Jews living in the city of Luxembourg, the capital of the country, was in 1276.
		Luxembourg was officially Judenrein, or cleansed of Jews, with the exception of a handful in hiding or married to non-Jews.
		Due to Luxembourg's small size, the Israeli embassy is located in Brussels and Luxembourg is represented politically by the Dutch embassy and economically by the Belgian embassy.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/vjw/Luxembourg.html (1313 words)

	Foreign relations of Luxembourg: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Luxembourg is a member of the Benelux Economic Union and was one of the founding members of the European Economic Community (now the European Union).
		At the same time, Luxembourgers have consistently recognized that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic, transatlantic relationship and have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-U.S. foreign policy.
		Luxembourg is the site of the European Court of Justice, the European Court of Auditors[?], and other vital EU organs.
	www.encyclopedian.com /fo/Foreign-relations-of-Luxembourg.html (217 words)

	Luxembourg
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a small landlocked state in the north-west of the continental Europe, bordered by France, Germany and Belgium.
		Luxembourg is one of the smallest countries in Europe.
		The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is characterized by the practice and the recognition of three official languages: French, German and Luxemburgish.
	www.creekin.net /n109-luxembourg.html (1043 words)

	Luxembourg - Gurupedia
		The recorded history of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg begins with the construction of Luxembourg Castle in the middle ages.
		Luxembourg's eastern border is formed by two rivers, the Moselle and the Our.
		The language of Luxembourg is Luxembourgish, a blend of old German and Frankish elements.
	www.gurupedia.com /l/lu/luxembourg.htm (500 words)

	Foreign relations of the European Union Summary
		Both the established EU institutions in Brussels and Luxembourg, as well as each of the 25 member states, take influence in the formation of a foreign policy of the European Union.
		The United Kingdom with its established national relations to many regions in the world is often at times in disagreement with other EU member states, notably France.
		Foreign relations of the European Union from Wíkipedia.
	www.bookrags.com /Foreign_relations_of_the_European_Union (1394 words)

	Background Notes Archive - Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Defense The Luxembourg Army is under civilian control with responsibility for defense matters vested in the Ministry of Public Force (headed by Minister Alex Bodry), which also controls the police and the Gendarmerie.
		Luxembourg has sent troops to serve in the UNPROFOR and IFOR missions in former Yugoslavia and participates with a small contingent in the current NATO SFOR mission in Bosnia and is integrated in the Multinational Beluga Force under Belgian command.
		U.S.-Luxembourg Relations Relations between the United States and Luxembourg are warm and close, both bilaterally and through common membership in the Organization for Cooperation and Economic Development and NATO.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /erc/bgnotes/eur/luxembourg9804.html (2591 words)

	Luxembourg (2003), DAC Peer Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Another demonstration of Luxembourg's policy to reduce poverty is the very clear priority given to social infrastructure and services (82% of total ODA in 2001), in particular, education and basic health as well as water supply and sanitation.
		Luxembourg is concentrating its assistance on the country's least favoured regions, and requires a contribution from the Namibian Government which may be as much as 50% of total project cost.
		Luxembourg has begun to establish field representation in order to be closer to local situations and to be able to participate better in policy dialogue and co-ordination.
	www.oecd.org /document/28/0,2340,fr_2649_34603_2502876_1_1_1_1,00.html (2312 words)

	Luxembourg (09/06)
		Although Luxembourg considers 1835 (Treaty of London) to be its year of independence, it was not granted political autonomy until 1839 under King William I of the Netherlands, who also was the Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
		While Luxembourg is aptly described as the "Green Heart of Europe" in tourist literature, its pastoral land coexists with a highly industrialized and export-intensive economy.
		Foreign direct investment (FDI) data for Luxembourg must be interpreted cautiously, however, because of Luxembourg's role in financial intermediation, particularly involving Luxembourg-based holding companies.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3182.htm (2986 words)

	Overview of Canada-Luxembourg relations
		Luxembourg is represented in Canada by an ambassador in residence in Washington, while Canada is represented in Luxembourg by an ambassador residing in Brussels.
		Luxembourg is an important investor in Canada, having increased from C$ 81 million to C$ 3.3 billion during the 1994-2004 period, largely attributable to worldwide mergers in the steel industry which saw Canadian holdings become part of the Luxembourg-based Arcelor Group.
		Luxembourg is Canada's 9th most important source of foreign direct investment (FDI) and 6th most important source of European direct investment in Canada.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /canada-europa/brussels/canada_luxembourg-en.asp (892 words)

	Federal Foreign OfficeLuxembourg
		Bilateral relations between Germany and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg are bound up with the countries' close partnership within the European Union and the Atlantic Alliance.
		The maintenance of good neighbourly relations with Germany, France and Belgium is one of Luxembourg's top priorities, as evidenced by the country's regional cooperation in the Saar-Lor-Lux-Trier/Western Palatinate project, which has now been enlarged to include Belgian Wallonia.
		For Luxembourg, Germany is the largest buyer of its exports and at the same time its second-largest supplier of imported goods: Approximately 25% of Luxembourg’s imports come from Germany (as compared with 37.4% from Belgium and 12.3% from France).
	www.auswaertiges-amt.de /diplo/en/Laender/Luxembourg.html (372 words)

	Foreign relations of Luxembourg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At the same time, the majority of Luxembourgers have consistently believed that European unity makes sense only in the context of a dynamic, transatlantic relationship and as such have traditionally pursued a pro-NATO, pro-U.S. foreign policy.
		The Secretariat of the European Parliament is located in Luxembourg, but the Parliament usually meets in nearby Strasbourg.
		Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Luxembourg (273 words)

	Luxembourg (07/00)
		In Luxembourg City, the Grand Duchy's largest municipality, the electorate followed its postwar voting pattern and chose Liberal Democrat Paul Helminger, who had been named to finish Lydie Polfer's term when she became Foreign Minister.
		Although Luxembourg in tourist literature is aptly called the "Green Heart of Europe," its pastoral land coexists with a highly industrialized and export-intensive economy.
		Luxembourg has participated in the European Corps (EUROCORPS) since 1994, has contributed troops to the UNPROFOR and IFOR missions in former Yugoslavia, and participates with a small contingent in the current NATO SFOR mission in Bosnia.
	www.state.gov /outofdate/bgn/l/12328.htm (2077 words)

	Luxembourg - Country information - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
		Although Luxembourg is divided into 12 counties for administrative purposes, it is subdivided differently during general elections and for the purpose of local government.
		Luxembourg has a relatively open and stable economy featuring low inflation and low unemployment rates. By international standards, growth in Luxembourg in 2004 was strong at 4.5%.
		Luxembourg is also a signatory of the Brussels Treaty providing for collective self defence between its members, a NATO member and a founding member of the Council of Europe.
	www.dfat.gov.au /geo/luxembourg/luxembourg_brief.html (1066 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy.
		Luxembourg also plays an important role in supplying international aid, and is one of the few countries to comply to the United Nations objective of assigning at least 0.7% of national GDP to assist developing countries.
		Luxembourg's economy displays very high growth, low inflation, and one of the EU's lowest unemployment rates and highest per capita income levels.
	www.esteri.it /eng/3_22_40_213.asp (301 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Luxembourg officially became the European cultural capital for 2007 following a pompous inauguration ceremony on Sunday evening, attended by His Highness Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Luxembourg PM Jean-Claude Juncker and Sibiu Mayor...
		Luxembourg's independence was confirmed in 1839, but it was not formally ratified until 1867, after the Luxembourg crisis nearly led to war between Prussia and France.
		The linguistic situation in Luxembourg is characterized by the practice and the recognition of three official languages: French, German and Luxemburgish, a Franconian language of the Moselle region similar to German.
	www.blinkbits.com /blinks/luxembourg (1296 words)

	Wikinfo \| Luxembourg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The [Grand duchyGrand Duchy]] of Luxembourg (also Luxemburg) is a landlocked country in north-west Europe, bordered by France, Germany and Belgium.
		Virtually all Luxembourgers adhere to the Roman Catholic faith.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Luxembourg (532 words)

	National Alliance of Gang Investigators' Associations
		The Department of Commerce's Bureau of Economic Analysis reports that total U.S. direct investment in Luxembourg (on a historical cost basis) was nearly $67 billion at the end of 2003.
		Luxembourg's trade account has run a persistent deficit over the last decade (-36772 million EUR in 2004), but the country enjoys an overall balance-of-payment surplus, due to revenues from financial services.
		This grouping of portfolios in the government formed in 2004 was meant to facilitate Luxembourg’s efforts in combating terrorism and defining a niche role in NATO and the EU’s defenses and security intitiatives.
	www.nagia.org /international/Luxembourg.htm (2691 words)

	Western Europe: India's foreign policy
		Relations with Italy received a boost with the visit of the President to that country from 13-16 October 1996.
		Relations with Luxembourg received impetus with the visit of Deputy Prime Minister of Luxembourg to India from 9-13 September 1996.
		During his visit to India from 17-19 February 1997, the Foreign Minister of Denmark briefed the Minister of External Affairs on NATO expansion and the ASEM Foreign Minister meeting in Singapore where he was returning from.
	www.indianembassy.org /policy/Foreign_Policy/weuro.htm (1018 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Foreign Trade :: Barbados
		Barbados' relations with Europe have always been defined through the European Union's (EU) preferential trading arrangements with its former Caribbean colonies, arrangements which have continued to weaken with the passage of time and the changing of circumstance.
		With the expansion of the EU and the anticipated end of its preferential treatment of Caribbean commodities, Barbados and other CARICOM member states are poised to enter a new phase in the rationalisation of their association with Europe.
		At the same time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade takes note of the changing face of continental Europe, the expansion of the EU to include seven formerly eastern European countries, and the fact that these changes are important to Barbados' strategy of diversifying its relations and developing new markets.
	www.foreign.gov.bb /pageselect.cfm?page=94 (609 words)

	NATO/IMS: Committee on Women in the NATO Forces: Luxembourg
		An advertising campaign focuses on both Luxembourg citizens and EU citizens (living in Luxembourg) as the Army intends to open its voluntary military to the latter.
		Not only does Luxembourg have difficulties in meeting overall manning levels, but also surveys indicate that women tend to apply for positions with the police rather than the military.
		Thus, one of the challenges of the Luxembourg Army will be first to stimulate the interest of women in the Army, and then secondly, to motivate them for a career with the Army.
	www.nato.int /ims/2001/win/luxembourg.htm (745 words)

	To Fight Terror, Increase Foreign Aid - Council on Foreign Relations
		The 0.1 percent of its gross domestic product that the United States devotes to foreign aid is not only well below the 0.24 percent average for all Western countries; it is in fact at the bottom of the list, behind such countries as Greece, Luxembourg and Portugal.
		Foreign aid alone will not bring us security, but neither will bigger bombs.
		Like the eagle on the dollar bill, which clutches an olive branch in one talon and arrows in the other, we must learn to strike the right balance between building peace and fighting wars and not sacrifice one at the expense of the other.
	www.cfr.org /publication/6363/to_fight_terror_increase_foreign_aid.html (822 words)

	The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership - Euromed Ministerial in Luxembourg: Barcelona Partnership’s second decade
		Euro-Mediterranean Foreign Ministers meet in Luxembourg on 30-31 May to map out a work programme for the years ahead, as the partnership approaches its tenth anniversary.
		The Commission is seeking agreement that, as the Partnership moves towards the target date of 2010 for the establishment of a Free Trade Area in industrial goods, economic integration should be deepened further through moves towards free trade in services and agriculture.
		The Commission has proposed that all partners commit themselves to work towards a target date of 2015 for the eradication of illiteracy in the region; full enrolment of girls and boys in primary school, and elimination of the gender gap at all levels of education.
	ec.europa.eu /comm/external_relations/euromed/news/ip05_630.htm (572 words)

	UAE Finance and Industry Ministry signs taxation treaty with Luxembourg \| The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
		Luxembourg conversely is the world's 8th largest financial centre and offers a launch pad to a EU consumer market 375 million strong.
		For UAE based SMEs, Luxembourg presents a multitude of attractive benefits such as a whole range of instruments to facilitate their establishment on the Luxembourg market or to expand their presence in the Grand Duchy.
		Luxembourg offers investors a whole range of instruments to facilitate their establishment in the Grand Duchy and the chance to expand further within the European market.
	www.ameinfo.com /72311 (1099 words)

	Luxembourg: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		Luxembourg joined NATO in 1949, the Benelux Economic Union (with Belgium and the Netherlands) in 1948, and the European Economic Community (later the EU) in 1957.
		Luxembourg's parliament approved the Maastricht Accord, paving the way for the economic unity of the EU in July 1992.
		Luxembourg, François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de - Luxembourg, François Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de, 1628–95, marshal of...
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107734.html (524 words)

	JUDICIAL ASSISTANCE LUXEMBOURG
		TRANSLATIONS: The Luxembourg Central Authority has advised the Hague Conference on Private International Law that requests for compulsion of evidence under the provisions of the Convention must be submitted in duplicate and must be written in or translated into the French or German language.
		Luxembourg is a party to a bilateral MLAT treaty (but this treaty is awaiting ratification).
		AUTHENTICATION OF DOCUMENTS: Luxembourg is a party to the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement for Legalization of Foreign Public Documents (TIAS l0072; 527 UNTS 189; 20 Int''l Legal Materials 1405 - 1419 (1981).) The competent authority to issue certifications pursuant to the Convention, (known as "apostille" certificates) is address and phone number.
	travel.state.gov /law/info/judicial/judicial_654.html (1165 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		Dutch foreign policy is geared to promoting a variety of goals: transatlanticism; European integration; Third World development; and respect for international law, human rights, and democracy.
		The Netherlands prioritizes enhancing European integration, maintaining relations with neighboring states, ensuring European security and stability (mainly through the mechanism of NATO and emphasizing the important role the United States plays in the security of Europe), and participating in conflict management and peacekeeping missions.
		The Netherlands' postwar customs union with Belgium and Luxembourg (the Benelux group) paved the way for the formation of the European Community (precursor to the EU), of which the Netherlands was a founding member.
	www.traveldocs.com /aw/foreign.htm (815 words)

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