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Topic: Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia

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Saudi Arabia

Economy of Saudi Arabia

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Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates

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Foreign relations of Kuwait

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House of Saud

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	Saudi Arabia - Gurupedia
		The Basic Law adopted in 1992 declared that Saudi Arabia is a monarchy ruled by the sons and grandsons of King Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, and that the Holy Qur'an is the constitution of the country, which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a).
		Saudi Arabia is first in the world in proven reserves of petroleum (24% of the proved total), ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum, and plays a leading role in OPEC.
		Saudi Arabia was a key player in the successful efforts of OPEC and other oil producing countries to raise the price of oil in 1999 to its highest level since the Gulf War by reducing production.
	www.gurupedia.com /s/sa/saudi_arabia.htm (1062 words)

	Saudi Arabia (10/06)
		Saudi Arabia's 2005 population was estimated to be about 27 million, including about 5.6million resident foreigners.
		The Basic Law adopted in 1992 declared that Saudi Arabia is a monarchy ruled by the sons and grandsons of King Abd Al Aziz Al Saud, and that the Holy Qur'an is the constitution of the country, which is governed on the basis of Islamic law (Shari'a).
		Saudi foreign policy objectives are to maintain its security and its paramount position on the Arabian Peninsula, defend general Arab and Islamic interests, promote solidarity among Islamic governments, and maintain cooperative relations with other oil-producing and major oil-consuming countries.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3584.htm (5071 words)

	MENAFN - Middle East North Africa . Financial Network News: Saudi Arabia's Growing List of New Friends (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		At the same time, Saudi Arabia is seeking new markets for its oil and new opportunities for its trading outfits, while China and India are on the prowl for new sources of oil and new customers for their accelerating industrial output.
		One of the strategic objectives of Saudi Arabia is to shift its economic focus from the developed West to the emerging economies of Asia, primarily in the interest of long-term market stability.
		The recent new relations highlights the growing economic and strategic importance Saudi Arabia is according to China and India in the new global order, and the substantial role the Saudi Arabia wants to play in the development of these countries.
	www.menafn.com /qn_news_story_s.asp?StoryId=1093116639 (1550 words)

	Saudi Arabia's Foreign and Domestic Dilemmas
		Their attacks featured the elements of Saudi culture and society most objectionable to liberal democratic ideology - the peculiar intolerance of Saudi Islam, the alleged anti-Jewish and anti-Christian bias of the educational system, and the subordinate status of women -- to paint a portrait of the Kingdom as an enemy, rather than a friend.
		The Saudi response was halting and confused, revealing the embarrassing extent to which the Kingdom has, unlike its detractors, lacked a long-term strategy directed at building public understanding and sympathy among Americans.
		The Saudi paradox is that the more the Kingdom's private sector thrives, the more the government must spend to provide it with the services it needs, so -- in the absence of any link, in the form of taxes, between private incomes and government revenue -- the nearer bankruptcy the government finds itself.
	www.mepc.org /whats/sacomments.asp (1873 words)

	Saudi Arabia: History, Geography, Government, and Culture — FactMonster.com
		Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula, with the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba to the west and the Persian Gulf to the east.
		Saudi Arabia is not only the homeland of the Arab peoples—it is thought that the first Arabs originated on the Arabian Peninsula—but also the homeland of Islam, the world's second-largest religion.
		Saudi Arabia was neutral until nearly the end of the war, but it was permitted to be a charter member of the United Nations.
	www.factmonster.com /ipka/A0107947.html (1387 words)

	Amnesty International: Saudi Arabia campaign website
		Saudi Arabia has one of the highest rates of executions in the world in both absolute numbers and per capita.
		In Saudi Arabia, people are being executed for "crimes" such as "fl magic", possession of "soft" drugs and "sexual offences" after blatantly unfair trials.
		Saudi Arabian officials claim that the use of the death penalty has been a unique deterrent to crime in their country, particularly with regard to drug offences.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/intcam/saudi/briefing/8.html (764 words)

	CBC News Indepth: Saudi Arabia
		Modern Saudi Arabia was formed in the 20th century as Abdul Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud re-claimed much of the territory once controlled by the first al Saud Empire centuries earlier.
		Wahhabism is Saudi Arabia's interpretation of Islam – one that adheres to a literal translation of the Qur'an.
		Saudi Arabia initially said it would not join a second war in Iraq, but agreed to allow the U.S.-led coalition to use its airspace and the Prince Sultan Air Base.
	www.cbc.ca /news/background/saudiarabia (872 words)

	Saudi Arabia - Photos, Maps, Videos, Flags, Facts, More -- National Geographic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Saudi Arabia occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula and is the largest country in area in the Middle East—but 95 percent of the land is desert.
		Saudi Arabia is keeper of Islam's most sacred cities: Mecca, where the Prophet Muhammad received the word of Allah, and Medina, where Muhammad died in A.D. Industry: crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, cement.
		Travel to Saudi Arabia, where the nighttime is for flirting and the daytime is for praying.
	www3.nationalgeographic.com /places/countries/country_saudiarabia.html (469 words)

	Saudi Arabia - Government
		Although Saudi Arabia was established as a country based on a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, the discovery of vast petroleum deposits led to significant changes in the role of religion.
		Saudi kings resisted demands for political liberalization by strengthening regime ties with the ulama, who tended to distrust the notion of popular government because of the implicit assumption that manmade legislation could be equal to sacred law.
		The country's ulama tolerated their presence after receiving the king's assurances that the foreign military personnel, among whom were several thousand women, would have minimal contact with Saudi civilians and be required to obey Saudi laws such as the ban on consumption of alcohol.
	countrystudies.us /saudi-arabia/45.htm (1168 words)

	U.S. Arms Clients Profiles--SAUDI ARABIA
		In May 1995 the State Department acknowledged that the economic downturn in Saudi Arabia is undermining political stability in the sheikdom, as the Saudi government is cutting popular public subsidies for gas, electricity and water in an effort to redress the deficit.
		Saudi Arabia tried, and failed, to conquer Yemen, which lies on its southern border, during its consolidation of the Kingdom in the 1930s.
		Saudi Arabia expelled between 500,000 and 800,000 Yemenis in 1990 and 1991 to punish Yemen for its opposition to the war against Iraq.
	www.fas.org /asmp/profiles/saudi_arabia.htm (3433 words)

	Inside Saudi Arabia
		But the Saudis are skilled at using their own vast reserves -- 25 percent of the world's total -- to preserve their leadership.
		To show their pique over U.S. foreign policy, many Saudis who usually vacation in New York or Disney World are shunning America this summer in favor of Europe or the Persian Gulf.
		Saudi rulers were slow to realize that extremism had become a serious problem in Central Asia -- especially Afghanistan, where many young Saudis went to fight the Soviets, and Pakistan, where Saudi-funded madrassas, or religious schools, taught students to hate non-Muslims and engage in violence.
	www.sptimes.com /2002/webspecials02/saudiarabia/day5/story1.shtml (2035 words)

	Saudi Arabia Launches New Phase in International Trade Relations
		Former U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia Charles Freeman says the kingdom's accession to the WTO shows it is embracing international trade standards for the first time.
		Saudi Arabia does not formally recognize WTO member Israel, and this presented another potential hurdle.
		The panelists said Saudi Arabia's decision to seek WTO membership is a major shift in how the kingdom deals with the world.
	www.voanews.com /english/2006-01-14-voa40.cfm (743 words)

	Wide Angle . The Saudi Question . Transcript \| PBS
		It's the only institution in all of Saudi Arabia where there is not a limit or a governor on what is said.
		There are educated people in Saudi Arabia, usually educated abroad, who are part of the reform movement in Saudi Arabia.
		Saudi Arabia is becoming our problem as well as our ally.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/wideangle/shows/saudi/transcript.html (1231 words)

	Shining Light In Dark Corners
		Saudi leaders, in their eagerness to prove their Islamist credentials in the face of charges of being US puppets, [14] have empowered a number of clerics who, although not overtly critical of the regime, are also not overtly critical of the terrorists - indeed, on occasion, quite the reverse.
		Al Qaeda forces in Saudi Arabia have shifted their strategy and are now almost exclusively searching for U.S. and other Western targets in the kingdom while avoiding attacks on domestic institutions in a bid to strengthen their flagging network, according to security officials and Saudi experts on radical groups.
		Saudi Arabia is Being Investigated by the FBI
	shininglight.us /archives/foreign_policy/middle_east/saudi_arabia (7315 words)

	Essential Background: Overview of human rights issues in Saudi Arabia (Human Rights Watch, 31-12-2005)
		Many foreign workers face exploitative working conditions; migrant women working as domestics often are subjected to round-the-clock confinement by their employers, making them vulnerable to sexual abuse and other mistreatment.
		Saudi Arabia’s political reform movement focused in 2005 on the release of three prominent advocates of constitutional reform who had been in detention since March 2004 after they refused to sign a pledge to cease all public activism.
		The strain in bilateral relations in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks eased considerably in 2005.
	hrw.org /english/docs/2006/01/18/saudia12230.htm (1637 words)

	Saudi Arabia: reality check, by Alain Gresh
		Most Saudis, however, care more about the situation at home, under a new ruler who claims to want to change society and the role of women, to combat poverty and to promote greater freedom.
		Saudi Gazette asked: “Will you talk about Saudi Arabia objectively?” She wore a headscarf and the lower part of her face was concealed, but there was nothing timid about her attitude or the way she forced me on the defensive.
		Saudi Arabia, which has just joined the World Trade Organisation, is surfing on a wave of rising oil prices.
	mondediplo.com /2006/02/02saudi (3464 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : The Captain and the King (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		When the Foreign Office cable approving the journey arrived, Shakespear was nearing the end of a five-year posting as Britain's political agent in Kuwait.
		The Foreign Office's reluctance was political: Shakespear's relations with 'Abd al-'Aziz, known in the West as Ibn Saud, threatened to rankle the Ottoman Turks, who held part of the Gulf coast of Arabia.
		He has taken a particular interest in Shakespear's legacy and, as part of Saudi Arabia's 1999 centennial celebrations, presented a paper that cited 74 references to unpublished records and pointed to a continuing Saudi interest in Shakespear.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200205/the.captain.and.the.king.htm (3133 words)

	Saudi Arabia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saudi Arabia has claimed to be in possession of 260.1 billion barrels of oil reserves (about 24% of the world's proven total petroleum reserves) as of 2003.
		Saudi Arabia announced plans to begin privatizing the electricity companies in 1999, which followed the ongoing privatization of the telecommunications company.
		Saudi Arabia is a country in which many men and women from South, South East, and East Asia, East Africa and the Middle East seek work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saudi_Arabia (4652 words)

	The Saudi Pipeline: Petro-dollars, Palestinian terror — and a U.S. blind eye - Saudi Arabia's role in conflicts in ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In fact, neither the Saudi organization primarily responsible for funding Palestinian terrorism nor the TCC is found in the president's executive order listing group and individual sponsors of terrorism.
		In May, secretary of state Colin Powell was asked on NBC's Meet the Press whether the Saudis were giving money to families of homicide bombers; despite clear evidence to the contrary, he responded that he believed the Saudi line that the funds were being used purely for humanitarian aid.
		The Saudi Committee for Support of the Intifada Al Quds -- Al Quds is the Arabic phrase for Jerusalem -- spearheaded a much-publicized $109.6 million Saudi fundraising telethon for Palestinian "martyrs," and is also the subject of the most damning evidence.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_13_54/ai_87869073 (770 words)

	Bombings rattle Saudis / Bad economy, discontent unraveling nation, analysts say
		The terror attacks in Saudi Arabia could have a destabilizing effect on America's key ally in the oil-rich region, say analysts, who warn that al Qaeda is just one of many worries for a royal family increasingly hemmed in by economic woes and widespread dissatisfaction among its populace.
		In addition to the problem of rising unemployment and declining living standards, analysts say Saudi rulers are caught between religious ultraconservatives who condemn the regime for embracing the United States and pro-Western forces who believe it is not reforming fast enough.
		If the attacks have aroused new suspicions among Americans that Saudi Arabia has done little to combat Islamic terrorism, they also have unleashed a new sense of personal vulnerability among Saudis, said Khaled al-Maeena, editor of Arab News, an English-language newspaper in Jidda, Saudi Arabia, that is distributed around the Middle East.
	sfgate.com /cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/05/14/MN172317.DTL (618 words)

	Table of contents for Saudi Arabia in the balance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		CONTENTS The Contributors 00 Introduction Paul Aarts and Gerd Nonneman 1 Part I. The Wahhabi Ulama and the Saudi State: 1745 to the Present Guido Steinberg 00 Islamo-Liberal Politics in Saudi Arabia Stéphane Lacroix 00 The War of Ideas: Education in Saudi Arabia Michaela Prokop 00 Part II.
		POLITICAL ECONOMY Saudi Arabia¿s Economy: the Challenge of Reform Monica Malik and Tim Niblock 00 Segmented Clientelism: The Political Economy of Saudi Economic Reform Efforts Steffen Hertog 00 From Private Sector to National Bourgeoisie: Saudi Arabian Business Giacomo Luciani 00 Part III.
		REGIME AND OPPOSITION Circles of Power: Royals and Society in Saudi Arabia Madawi Al-Rasheed 00 Checks, Balances and Transformation in the Saudi Political System Iris Glosemeyer 00 Political Opposition in Saudi Arabia Abdulaziz Sager 00 The ¿Cycle of Contention¿ and the Limits of Terrorism in Saudi Arabia Roel Meijer 00 v Part IV.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0517/2005022732.html (240 words)

	Arabic News Weekly Edition for Saudi Arabia, 1/18/1999
		US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright is to arrive in Saudi Arabia on Tuesday on a brief Middle East tour during which she will hold important discussions with the Saudi leaders that focus on bilateral ties between the two countries.
		Saudi Arabia started on Friday its officials and people's celebrations on the one hundredth anniversary of its foundation by King Abdul Aziz al-Saud.
		Saudi Arabia: Convening an Arab summit is impossible in current conditions
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Weekly/Saudi/19990118.html (296 words)

	SANDNet Weekly Update, May 3, 2000
		Russian foreign minister Igor Ivanov strongly urged the U.S. to revise its plans for a National Defense System which, he says would be in violation of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
		Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Sun Yuxi welcomed last week's CTBT ratification by the Russian Duma and said that China also would "speed the process" toward ratifying the treaty.
		A Pakistan Foreign Office spokesperson "regretted that the statement showed no change in New Delhi's attitude." An editorial in "The News" disagreed, arguing instead that Pakistan should exploit "any crack" in India's consistent refusal to discuss bilateral issues.
	www.nautilus.org /archives/sand/Updates2000/May03.html (1797 words)

	Foreign Relations: Introduction - The Saudi Arabia Information Resource
		Within the Arab world, the Kingdom, which has worked tirelessly to create and enhance Arab solidarity, has persistently pursued a policy designed to resolve disputes by diplomatic means.
		At the same time, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is part of the Arab world and, above all, has been entrusted with the guardianship of the Holy Places of Islam.
		Both its Arab and its Muslim heritage mean that its basic political tenets and its foreign policy objectives are sometimes not co-incident with those of other political and economic power blocs.
	www.saudinf.com /main/k1.htm (116 words)

	GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Middle East - Saudi Arabia - Relations with U.S.
		For example, theÂ U.S. military issued general orders prohibiting the consumption of alcohol and setting guidelines for off-duty behavior and attire.
		On November 8, terrorists attacked another compound housing foreign workers from mainly Arab countries.
		Counterterrorism cooperation between Saudi Arabia and the United States increased significantly after the May 12, 2003 bombings in Riyadh.
	www.geographyiq.com /countries/sa/Saudi_Arabia_us_relations_summary.htm (754 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Rebuilding in Afghanistan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		To meet running costs, this summer the transitional government received cash grants of some $10 million each from India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates—carried to Kabul in suitcases, because the banking system in Afghanistan has not yet been reestablished.
		It is difficult for the Afghan authorities to keep track of them all, he says, because only some 350 of the total are officially registered with the government.
		In addition to this, says Ahmad Alanzi, deputy chargé d'affaires at the Saudi embassy in Kabul, the kingdom recently pledged "another million dollars to support the new currency, and a further $1 million to the World Health Organization.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/200206/rebuilding.in.afghanistan.htm (6696 words)

	Embassy, Embassies, Consulates Saudi Arabia Riyadh
		Web site of the embassy in the Saudi capital; site has news, information on US citizen services, visas, US policy & issues, education & culture & trade & commerce
		Web site of the embassy in the Saudi capital; has information on visas, passports, travelling in the Kingdom, what the consul can do for you, guidelines on personal security, trade & investment and so on
		8 Embassy of the Czech Republic in Saudi Arabia
	www.findouter.com /Saudi_Arabia/Region/Riyadh/Foreign_Embassies (291 words)

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