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Topic: Foreign relations of Syria

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	Syria (05/07)
		Syria is significant in the history of Christianity; Paul was converted on the road to Damascus and established the first organized Christian Church at Antioch in ancient Syria, from which he left on many of his missionary journeys.
		Syria's political instability during the years after the 1954 coup, the parallelism of Syrian and Egyptian policies, and the appeal of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser's leadership in the wake of the 1956 Suez crisis created support in Syria for union with Egypt.
		Syria was an active belligerent in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights and the city of Quneitra.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm (7357 words)

	Foreign relations of Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This decision, prompted in part by Syria's need for Arab League support of its own position in Lebanon, marked the end of the Syrian-led opposition to Egypt and the 1977-79 Sadat initiatives toward Israel, as well as the Camp David accords.
		In May 1991, Lebanon and Syria signed the treaty of brotherhood, cooperation, and coordination called for in the Taif Accord, which is intended to provide the basis for many aspects of Syrian-Lebanese relations.
		However, Syria and Lebanon claimed that UNSCR 425 had not been fully implemented because Israel did not withdraw from an area of the Golan Heights called Sheba Farms, which had been occupied by Israel in 1967, and which Syria now claimed was part of Lebanon.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/f/fo/foreign_relations_of_syria.html (1198 words)

	The EU's relations with Syria - Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		EU relations with Syria are based on a partnership relation within the Euro — Mediterranean and Middle East area, which is of vital strategic importance and a key external relations priority for the EU.
		Syria was late in accepting the terms of co-operation under the MEDA regulation, launched after the start of the Barcelona Process in 1995, and only signed a Framework Agreement in 2000.
		Syria was a member of the UN Security Council for the period 2002-2003, and strongly opposed the invasion of Iraq.
	europa.eu.int /comm/external_relations/syria/intro (2051 words)

	Syria Regional Foreign Relations - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Syria believed that the Arab-Israeli conflict had been reduced to a bilateral Syrian-Israeli conflict, in which other parties, including the Palestinians, were marginal.
		Syria has declared that the Arab nations could extract maximum concessions from Israel only by acting in concert, a policy some regional observers refer to as the "Assad Doctrine." Implicit in the Assad Doctrine is the assumption that Damascus will orchestrate Arab negotiations.
		Syria's central role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, therefore, is predicated to some extent on the older ideology of Greater Syria, the notion that Syria should dominate its Arab neighbors.
	www.photius.com /countries/syria/government/syria_government_regional_foreign_rel~1653.html (340 words)

	Foreign relations of Syria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Syria's relations with the Arab world were strained by its support for Iran during the Iran-Iraq War, which began in 1980.
		Syria was an active belligerent in the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the Golan Heights and the city of Quneitra.
		This article is adapted from the United States Department of State Background note on Syria, visualised December 2003, the current version of which is available at http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3580.htm#foreign.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Syria (1272 words)

	Syria - Gurupedia
		The name Syria comes from the ancient Greek name for the lands at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea between Egypt and Arabia to the south and Cilicia to the north, stretching inland to include
		Judea, Phoenicia along the coast, with Damascena to the inland side of Phoenicia, Coele-Syria (or "Hollow Syria") north of the Eleutheris river, and Mesopotamia.
		Syria was a charter member of the United Nations.
	www.gurupedia.com /s/sy/syria.htm (784 words)

	Lebanon - FOREIGN RELATIONS
		Not surprisingly, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was one of the largest and most important ministries in the Council of Minister.
		Before the 1975 Civil War, foreign relations were based to a large extent on the National Pact.
		Syria brokered the Tripartite Accord, signed in late 1985 by the leaders of the main armed factions--Nabih Birri of Amal, Walid Jumblatt of the PSP, and Elie Hubayka of the LF.
	countrystudies.us /lebanon/100.htm (1111 words)

	92075: Syrian-U.S. Relations
		Syria's relations with its neighbors have been marred by border problems (with Turkey and Israel), disputes over water sharing (with Turkey and Iraq), and political differences (sometimes with Jordan and especially with Iraq, which is governed by a rival wing of the Ba'th Party).
		Syria is a party to the 1961 narcotics convention, to its amending 1972 protocol, and to the 1971 convention on psychotropic substances, and has ratified the 1988 U.N. Convention on narcotics.
		Syria denies that it holds political prisoners, and claims that persons are detained only for criminal or security offenses; however, some sources believe at least 7,000 such prisoners were held as of early 1991, including over 2,000 in detention facilities in Lebanon.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/92-075.htm (6705 words)

	AllRefer.com - Syria - Foreign Policy - Regional Foreign Relations \| Syrian Information Resource
		Syria has declared that the Arab nations could extract maximum concessions from Israel only by acting in concert, a policy some regional observers refer to as the "Assad Doctrine." Implicit in the Assad Doctrine is the assumption that Damascus will orchestrate Arab negotiations.
		Syria's central role in the Arab-Israeli conflict, therefore, is predicated to some extent on the older ideology of Greater Syria, the notion that Syria should dominate its Arab neighbors.
		Syria perceived regional politics in bipolar terms, dividing the Arab world into two camps: the rejectionist front of Syrian allies, and the capitulationists who advocated concessions to Israel.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/syria/syria95.html (430 words)

	Asia Times
		Syria is on the US list of state sponsors of terrorism for its support for the Lebanese resistance group Hizbollah and radical Palestinian factions.
		Syria believes that the crisis over Saddam Hussein's suspected weapons of mass destruction should be resolved through the UN.
		Syria says that all oil dealings comply with the sanctions regime, which will govern the use of a new pipeline that it plans to build.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Middle_East/DJ12Ak05.html (597 words)

	Terrorist Organizations Syria supports : LA IMC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to the Council on Foreign Relations, Syria -along with Iran- gives the Lebanese militia Hezbollah “substantial amounts of financial, training, weapons, explosives, political, diplomatic, and organizational aid,” according to the State Department.
		Syria signed a free trade agreement with Iraq in 2001 and is the primary conduit for Iraqi oil pumped and sold in defiance of U.N. sanctions, thereby providing Saddam Hussein with a large source of illegal income.
		Although Syria recently made a show of "instructing" terrorists based in Damascus not to engage in certain types of attacks, it did not expel the groups or cease supporting them.
	la.indymedia.org /mail.php?id=104755 (680 words)

	Foreign Affairs - Council on Foreign Relations
		Foreign Affairs’ roster of authors reads like a Who’s Who of international affairs, and their articles, such as George Kennan’s on Soviet containment and Samuel Huntington’s on the “clash of civilizations,” frequently leave an indelible mark on history.
		Foreign Affairs is widely considered to be one of the most influential publications on international affairs or any topic.
		Recently, Foreign Affairs was ranked No.1 in influence among U.S. opinion leaders in a national study conducted by Erdos and Morgan, the premier business-to-business research firm.
	www.cfr.org /about/foreign_affairs.html (586 words)

	Articles - Foreign relations of France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Middle Eastern support for the FLN guerillas was another strain on relations that the end of the conflict removed.
		Relations between Canada and France are friendly and stable, with the possible exception over Quebec´s status in Canada.
		The relations were strained for a short period in the late 20th Century, however, over the French nuclear tests at Mururoa Atoll and the bombing of the Rainbow Warrior.
	www.ccomplete.com /articles/Foreign_relations_of_France (3279 words)

	Oliver Kamm: Isolate Syria's tyranny
		“SYRIA IS LUCKY to have Bashar Assad as its President,” declared George Galloway, the indefatigable MP, on a trip to Damascus this summer.
		Syria’s fiercely anti-Semitic leadership is clearly determined to sabotage territorial compromise.
		Enforcing the isolation of this callow and callous ruler is the least that a humane and pacific foreign policy must aim for.
	oliverkamm.typepad.com /blog/2005/10/isolate_syrias_.html (376 words)

	IRAN NEWSLETTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Former Japanese foreign minister Masahiko Komura, who visited Iran as Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's special envoy, sought Iran's cooperation in the reconstruction of Iraq ahead of the planned transfer of power to the Iraqis in June.
		Iranian Foreign Minister Kamak Kharrazi in a meeting with Algerian Prime Minister Ahmad Ouyahia said referring to the cooperation between the two countries, “both countries are facing common challenges, the most important of which is globalization.
		Economic analysts believe that in Iran, inflation is mainly caused due to banking mismanagement, high level of loans mostly by the state organizations, government's domination of key economic sectors, indiscriminate allocation of subsidies both to the poor and the rich, and government's expansionary policies.
	www.observerindia.com /ics/news/ir040514.htm (2965 words)

	Bush to sanction Syria for aiding Iraq fighters - The Washington Times: Nation/Politics - May 11, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Congress in November passed the Syria Accountability Act, which bars the nation from trading in items that could be used in weapons programs until the administration certifies, Syria is not supporting terrorist groups and withdraws personnel from Lebanon.
		Foreign fighters from Syria have become a major stumbling block to stabilizing Iraq and turning over sovereignty by June 30.
		The bloody fighting in Fallujah, for example, is inspired, in part, by well-armed foreign jihadists who crossed the 600-mile Syrian border with Iraq and have committed some of the most gruesome attacks against Americans and their allies.
	www.washingtontimes.com /national/20040510-113324-3006r.htm (608 words)

	"Syria's Foreign Relations: Iraq" (March 2001)
		The two countries, which severed relations two decades ago after Damascus sided with Iran in it's 1980-1988 war against Iraq, have rapidly accelerated the rapprochement that began in 1997 and significant steps have been taken to promote military, economic and political cooperation.
		Syria has bought the oil from Iraq at a price estimated to be between $10-15 per barrel, allowing it to export more of its own oil at the international price of crude oil, around $24.
		Syria and Iraq, which are led by separate wings of the Ba'ath party, have long been engaged in a fierce political rivalry.
	www.meib.org /articles/0103_s1.htm (1141 words)

	"Syria's Foreign Relations: The Palestinian Authority" (April 2001)
		Relations between the Assad regime and Yasser Arafat have always exhibited tensions stemming from a fundamental conflict of interest - both have striven to assert political control over Palestinian communities stretching from the Israeli-occupied territories to Lebanon and Syria.
		Meanwhile, throughout the 1980's, Syria continued its brutal campaign of massacres and assassinations against pro-Arafat forces in Lebanon through the so-called National Salvation Front, an umbrella organization consisting of Saiqa (a Palestinian force operating in conjunction with the Syrian army) and extremist Palestinian factions headed by Abu Musa, Ahmad Jibril, George Habash, and Nayif Hawatmeh.
		According to the Saudi daily Al-Madina, the agreement also requires Syria to release properties and other assets of the Fatah movement that were frozen in 1983, estimated to be worth millions of dollars, and open talks regarding the thousands of Palestinian detainees held in Syrian prisons.
	www.meib.org /articles/0104_s1.htm (1483 words)

	Syria's destructive behavior - The Washington Times: Editorials/OP-ED (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In testimony Thursday before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs William Burns noted that, in May, Secretary of State Colin Powell visited Damascus, where he urged President Bashar Assad to seal the border with Iraq.
		Burns said, their efforts "fall short of what is necessary." He added: "Syria continues to be a preferred route for those seeking to undermine coalition efforts to establish stability and a peaceful transition to democracy in Iraq." In September, Mr.
		Bremer said that coalition forces held 278 foreign nationals in custody, of which 123 were from Syria.
	www.washtimes.com /op-ed/20031102-111404-8215r.htm (375 words)

	Podcasts - Council on Foreign Relations
		Provided in QandAs form and through interviews with CFR Fellows and other experts explaining their most recent work and the issues of the day, the cfr.org Podcast will prove to be an invaluable and convenient way for subscribers to build and sustain a deeper understanding of the world around them.
		Offering short analysis in QandA form from the editorial staff of the Council on Foreign Relations on vital foreign policy and national security topics several times a week and frequent interviews with CFR authors on their latest books.
		Listen to world leaders and foreign policy experts discuss and debate the most pressing issues in international affairs.
	www.cfr.org /about/rss/podcast.html (466 words)

	Welcome to stamayo's Personal Home Page!
		Political Stability: In the matter of foreign relations, Syria’s political stability is crucial.
		It sets the foundation for strong foreign relations by encouraging key economic components such as foreign direct investment and import/export relations.
		Foreign Relations: Although the graphs are optimistic, there are still a number of problems within foreign affairs that directly and indirectly effect economic factors such as FDI inflows and political stability.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~stamayo (1108 words)

	Results in
		Of special critical importance is the evaluation of the extent of the domestic political configurations in the relations between these two countries.
		In this paper, it is argued that Turkey's policy towards Syria has become hostage to the worldview of Turkey's governing elite, one that has demonstrated itself to be increasingly unable to cope success fully with political change on domestic, regional, and international levels.
		Turkish-Syrian relations go back to the Ottoman era, and a comprehensive study is required to integrate the historical legacy and impact of historical imagination to the analysis of the relations in the contemporary era.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2501/is_4_24/ai_101531218 (432 words)

	Middle East Newsline -
		Leading military experts told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that Syria serves as a key conduit for the smuggling of weapons and components of military platforms to Baghdad.
		Anthony Cordesman, a former senior Pentagon official and senior fellow at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies, said Syria has been used as a conduit for a range of what he termed critical parts for Iraq's military.
		He said many of the details of Syria's participation in Baghdad's military programs are known to the CIA and the rest of the U.S. intelligence community.
	www.menewsline.com /stories/2002/august/08_30_2.html (223 words)

	The Head Heeb: New frontiers
		With the release of the Hariri report expected on Friday, Lebanon is likely to have a window of considerable leverage in its relations with Syria, and may in fact be able to resolve the long-standing disputes over the border.
		Now that Syria is largely out of the picture as a controlling force, HA is keeping its arms by consensus, and part of that consensus is its claim to be fighting a national struggle.
		Syria now claims that the land is Lebanese so Syria has publicly abandoned the claim to the land which it once made.
	headheeb.blogmosis.com /archives/029889.html (3835 words)

	Results in (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When I talk about some Arab capitals, it does not make sense to exclude Syria, which is the closest and at the heart of battles against invaders, because [Syria] is the heart of Arabism." Assad was true to his word.
		As Baghdad was falling, Syrian foreign minister Farouk al-Sharaa said his country would not stop volunteers heading to Iraq, via Syria, to fight U.S. troops.
		Despite the fact that relations between the Ba'athist regimes in Baghdad and Damascus were always strained, tyranny's collapse in Iraq threatens nobody in the Arab world more than the Ba'athists in Syria.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1282/is_8_55/ai_100202153 (465 words)

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