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Topic: Foreign relations of Tibet

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	PRESIDENTIAL DETERMINATION ALLOWING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO TIBET
		Moreover, to the extent that some might argue that Tibet qualifies as an independent politically-defined “country,” the argument presumably also would be that the leadership of that country would consist of the Dalai Lama and his supporters.
		Subsequent to the 1980 Determination, the executive branch has consistently embraced the position that Tibet is part of China, rather than an independent foreign state.
		"Suzerainty" is defined as "the dominion, authority, or relation of a suzerain with regard to the subject person or state, esp[ecially] in the matter of control over the foreign affairs of such a state." Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 2304-05 (1986).
	www.usdoj.gov /olc/tibet.htm (2679 words)

	Tibet : An Occupied Country, Free Tibet, Free Tibet, Free Tibet
		Tibet formally declared its Independence in 1912 and continued to conduct itself as a fully sovereign nation until its invasion by Communist China an 1949.
		Tibet sovereignty was recognised by its neighbours as well as by Britain, with whom Tibet entered into a series of treaties regarding travels and trade.
		If Tibet was part of China, then there was no need for the 17 point agreement which was forced upon the Tibetan delegation to sign in China in 1951 and then China announced to the world that Tibet was liberated (from whom?).
	www.friends-of-tibet.org.nz /occu.html (1096 words)

	Tibet Justice Center - Legal Materials on Tibet - Governmental and NGOs - ICJ Report on Tibet and China (excerpt) ...
		The view of the COMMITTEE was that Tibet was at the very least a de facto independent State when the Agreement of Peaceful Measures in Tibet was signed in 1951, and the repudiation of this agreement by the Tibetan Government in 1959 was found to be fully justified.
		From 19131950 foreign relations of Tibet were conducted exclusively by the Government of Tibet and countries with whom Tibet had foreign relations are shown by official documents to have treated Tibet in practice as an independent State.
		Tibet surrendered her independence by signing in 1951 the Agreement on Peaceful Measures for the Liberation of Tibet.
	www.tibetjustice.org /materials/govngo/govngo2.html (1155 words)

	Background Info \| Tibet Travel Information \| Lonely Planet Destination Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Until the early 20th century, Tibet was a land in which virtually the only use for the wheel was as a device for activating mantras.
		The fourth Dalai Lama fled Tibet and died at the age of 25 (he was probably poisoned) in 1616.
		In 1986 tourism came to Tibet, and foreigners were on hand to witness the violent repression of demonstrations in 1987.
	www.lonelyplanet.com /worldguide/destinations/asia/tibet/essential?a=culture (1800 words)

	South African Friends of Tibet
		Tibet might have ceased to exist as a separate political entity, but the Qing Dynasty was overthrown in 1911.
		Central Tibet was thus at least a de facto independent state when in the face of a Chinese invasion it signed the 17-Point Agreement in 1951, surrendering its independence to ChinaA number of undertakings (in the 17-Point Agreement) were violated by China.
		Tibet was a factually and legally independent state when it was unlawfully invaded by the PRCTibet remains a legally independent state despite its decades-long occupation by the PRC.
	www.geocities.com /saftibet/tibet.htm (11179 words)

	Free Tibet Campaign; A Free Tibet and end to Communist Chinese Rule
		Tibet was one of the mightiest powers of Asia for the three centuries that followed, as a pillar inscription at the foot of the Potala Palace in Lhasa and Chinese Tang histories of the period confirm.
		Tibet was never incorporated into the Manchu Empire, much less China, and it continued to conduct its relations with neighboring states largely on its own.
		Meanwhile, in Tibet religious persecution, consistent violations of human rights, and the wholesale destruction of religious and historic buildings by the occupying authorities have not succeeded in destroying the spirit of the Tibetan people to resist the destruction of the national identity.
	www.freetibet.net /action.html (2210 words)

	China Information-Foreign Relations
		It is ready to establish diplomatic relations with all foreign governments which are willing to observe the principles of equality, mutual benefit and respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty.” There is only one China in the world.
		There are foreign affairs offices in each province, autonomous region and municipality directly under the Central Government, responsible for handling foreign affairs in those localities under the leadership of the Foreign Ministry.
		The current minister of Foreign Affairs of The People’s Republic of China is Tang Jiaxuan; the current special commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the HKSAR is Ma Yuzhen; and the current special commissioner of the ministry of Foreign Affairs in the MSAR is Yuan Tao.
	www.asia-planet.net /china/foreign-relations.htm (1181 words)

	Foreign relations of Tibet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sa-skya hegemony over Tibet continued into the middle of the 14th century, although it was challenged by a revolt of the 'Bri-khung sect with the assistance of Hülegü of the Ilkhanate in 1285.
		This agreement was successfully put into effect in Tibet proper but in June, 1956, rebellion broke out in the Tibetan populated borderlands of Amdo and Kham when the government tried to impose the socialist transformation policies in these regions that they had in provinces in China proper.
		The first United States mission to Tibet, in 1942, a reconnaissance mission sent by the OSS to scout out a possible route to southern China during World War II was headed by Captain Ilya Tolstoy, a grandson of the novelist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet (2373 words)

	talk.politics.tibet: FAQ [1/1]
		Keywords: tibet Archive-name: tibet-faq Posting-frequency: monthly Last-modified: 12 Oct 1997 Version: 4.40 This FAQ was created for the Usenet newsgroup talk.politics.tibet and addresses various issues that are discussed in that newsgroup on a recurring basis.
		From 1913-1950 foreign relations of Tibet were conducted exclusively by the Government of Tibet and countries with whom Tibet had practice as an independent State.
		Accurate figures for the ethnic breakdown of Tibet's population are difficult to obtain and are disputed by Chinese officials and the Tibetan exile community.
	www.faqs.org /faqs/tibet-faq (5988 words)

	Tibet - China Tour - Travel to China
		Tibet was a strong kingdom between the 7th and 10th centuries.
		PRC statistics show that 92% of the population in Tibet Autonomous Region is ethnic Tibetan, though this proportion is significantly lower in Amdo (modern Qinghai) and eastern Kham (modern western Sichuan and northwestern Yunnan), as Han Chinese are not evenly distributed all over historic Tibet.
		Image:Flag of tibet.gifthumb300pxFlag of Government of Tibet in Exile and flag of Tibet before 1950: This version was introduced by the 13th Dalai Lama in 1912 and is now banned in the PRC as a symbol of separatism.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Tibet (2892 words)

	International Campaign for Tibet: Tibet: US Government and Tibet: Congressional Proceedings: Senate Foreign Relations ...
		Tibet is a land mass of 2.5 million square kilometers with a population of about 6 million Tibetans.
		However, unlike China, Tibet was never completely absorbed into the empire by the Mongols or the Manchus, even though both the Mongols and later the Manchus periodically exercised strong political influence in Tibet.
		What China chooses to ignore in its arguments on Tibet is that the Mongols and the Manchus were foreign powers that conquered and ruled China, a fact clearly accepted by Dr. Sun Yat-sen the "founder of modern China" when he called for an overthrow of Manchu foreign domination of China.
	www.savetibet.org /tibet/us/proceedings/senatefrlodigyari.php (2746 words)

	The Historical Status of Tibet: A Summary
		Tibet wished to live peacefully by itself, so much so that it became known to the outside world as 'Shangrila' - a mystical and magnetizing country to those people fascinated by its remoteness, inaccessibility, and tales of a people living in complete harmony with themselves and nature.
		Tibet was never incorporated into the Manchu empire, much less into China, and it continued to conduct its relations with neighbouring states largely alone.
		Meanwhile, in Tibet religious persecution, consistent violations of human rights, and the wholesale destruction of religious and historic buildings by the occupying authorities has not succeeded in destroying the spirit of the Tibetan people to resist the destruction of their national identity.
	tibet.dharmakara.net /tibethistory.html (2452 words)

	Wikinfo \| Tibet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Western usage, "Tibet" may refer either to the Tibet Autonomous Region or TAR (an administrative subdivision of the People's Republic of China), or to historic and cultural Tibet which consisted of the provinces of Amdo, Kham, and U-Tsang.
		The Mongol rulers appointed the secular leadership of Tibet to spiritual teachers (Lamas in Tibetan), the last lineage came to be the Dalai Lama.
		Historically, the population of Tibet was primarily Tibetans.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Tibet (1283 words)

	About Tibet
		The People's Republic of China (PRC) insists that its relation with Tibet is purely an internal affairs, because Tibet is and has been for centuries an integral part of China.
		Tibet in the 20th Century: Tibet's status following the expulsion of Manchu troops is not subject to serious dispute.
		In the course of Tibet's 2,000-year history, the country came under a degree of foreign influence only for short periods of time in the 13th and 18th centuries.
	www.tibetancommunity.org.uk /abouttibet.asp (1744 words)

	Talk.Politics.Tibet FAQ
		In examining the evidence, the COMMITTEE took into account events in Tibet as related in authoritative accounts by officials and scholars at first hand with the recent history of Tibet and official documents which have been published.
		It is perhaps more useful to exam whether Tibet was considered to be independent both by the Tibetan government itself and by those governments that dealt with the Tibetan government.
		Free Tibet Home Pagehttp://www.manymedia.com/tibet/index.html This site maintains a list of Tibetan support organizations and their programs; articles with suggestions for action you can undertake to help Tibetans; and a Tibetan reading and resource list.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /documents/tibetfaq.htm (6074 words)

	The Status of Tibet
		However fascinating Tibet's ancient history may be, it's status at the time of the Chinese invasion must, of course, be judged on the basis of its position in modern history, especially its relationship with China since 1911, when the Chinese overthrew the foreign Manchu rule and became the masters of their own country.
		Tibet maintained diplomatic, economic and cultural relations with countries in the region such as Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Mongolia, China, British India, and, to a limited extent, with Russia and Japan.
		The Dalai Lama fled to neighbouring India, and the occupation of Tibet was short-lived.
	www.tibet.com /WhitePaper/white1.html (7562 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Tiny Tibet feels squeeze from giant neighbors
		Tibet's government-in-exile says it is confident of its security in India and that of the approximately 80,000 Tibetan refugees who live there, but spokesman Thubten Samphel acknowledges the Tibetans' dependence on India's benevolence.
		Tibetans, he said, could benefit from the improvement in relations between the Asian giants which might help convince the Chinese leadership that resolving the question of Tibet's sovereignty could be in its interest.
		Tibet is of crucial importance in all of that dynamic," said Kate Saunders, of the International Campaign for Tibet.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20050901-0500-china-tibet-india.html (889 words)

	International Campaign for Tibet: Advocacy: US Government and Tibet: Foreign Relations of the United States: 1948
		Foreign Office would appreciate knowing whether these visas were issued upon instructions of Dept. or whether in ignorance that they are not recognized by Chinese Govt.
		Sir: For the welfare of Tibet, the Financial Secretary of the Government of Tibet, Tsepon Shakabpa, with his assistant Khenchung Changkhimpa have been sent to observe the trade conditions regarding imports from India, America, China, and England, and export of wool, Yak's tail, and fur skins from Tibet and also to purchase gold and silver.
		Tan said that the Foreign Office attitude was based on the principle of Chinese juristic relations with Tibet and apprehension that any encouragement given to the Tibetans in the United States might create political difficulties for the Chinese Government.
	www.savetibet.org /advocacy/us/chronology/1948.php?printable=yes (2453 words)

	Friendly Fuedalism - The Tibet Myth
		In their book on Tibet, Ginsburg and Mathos reach a similar conclusion: “As far as can be ascertained, the great bulk of the common people of Lhasa and of the adjoining countryside failed to join in the fighting against the Chinese both when it first began and as it progressed.“
		Chinese cadres in Tibet too often view their Tibetan neighbors as backward and lazy, in need of economic development and “patriotic education.” During the 1990s Tibetan government employees suspected of harboring nationalist sympathies were purged from office, and campaigns were launched to discredit the Dalai Lama.
		We are told that when the Dalai Lama ruled Tibet, the people lived in contented and tranquil symbiosis with their monastic and secular lords, in a social order sustained by a deeply spiritual, nonviolent culture, inspired by humane and pacific religious teachings.
	www.michaelparenti.org /Tibet.html (5572 words)

	International Campaign for Tibet: Advocacy: US Government and Tibet: Foreign Relations of the United States: 1949
		The question would arise whether we should place emphasis on Tibet's independence by formally recognizing it and by sponsoring its application for membership in the UN or whether we should avoid stressing the matter of independence but should merely maintain direct relations with Tibet without a public change of policy.
		As Tibet being an independent state, we have no dangers from other foreign countries but in view of the spread of Communism and their successes in China, there is now an imminent danger of Communist aggression towards Tibet.
		Foreign Office position paper re Tibet categorically states that while British still interested in Tibet maintaining its autonomy, Tibetan problem is almost exclusively of concern to India.
	www.savetibet.org /advocacy/us/chronology/1949.php (3654 words)

	International Campaign for Tibet: Advocacy: US Government and Tibet: Foreign Relations of the United States: 1942
		Transit through Tibet is practicable by pack animal trains making one trip a year but the amount that can be transported (maximum estimates place it at 3000 tons annually) renders the project of minor importance as a supply route to China.
		The Chinese have abandoned whatever plans they may have had for constructing a motor road and for stationing troops in Tibet, the former because the road would have no early value to the war effort due to the time required for construction and the latter because Tibetan opposition would certainly be encountered.
		The Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs states that this is as far as the Chinese Government is prepared to go in response the British suggestion mentioned in the reference telegram.
	www.savetibet.org /advocacy/us/chronology/1942.php?printable=yes (889 words)

	Talk.politics.tibet: FAQ [1/1] FAQ
		This FAQ was created for the Usenet newsgroup talk.politics.tibet and addresses various issues that are discussed in that newsgroup on a recurring basis.
		Ethnic Chinese, Manchus, Mongols, Tibetans, and Muslims/Turkestanis] are joined in democratic union, the lands comprised within the confines of Mongolia, Tibet and Turkestan all become a part of the territory of the Republic of China.
		Free Tibet Home Page http://www.manymedia.com/tibet/index.html This site maintains a list of Tibetan support organizations and their programs; articles with suggestions for action you can undertake to help Tibetans; and a Tibetan reading and resource list.
	www.non.com /news.answers/tibet-faq.html (5956 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2004012523
		The acquisition of Darjeeling and British relations with Sikkim to 1847 3.
		Relations with Sikkim and Tibet 1889-1903 a) General b) Anglo-Chinese Convention 1890 c) Trade Regulations 1893, and trade relations with Tibet 189 190 195 198 203 205 208 212 216 220 221 VII.
		British relations with the frontier tribes a) Tawang Region: the Monpas b) Subansiri Region: the Akas, Daflas, Apa Tanis, and Miris c) Dihang Region: the Abors d) Lohit Region: the Mishmis 6.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0418/2004012523.html (771 words)

	Major U.S. trade pressure escalation, time ticking for Tibet, dead souls « ChinaSpy
		Why Tibet matters to Southasia - “Tibet should matter to Southasia because of its trade possibilities, as well as its strategic and environmentally sensitive location. At one time, within living memory, there was a robust trade relationship between Tibet and its southern neighbours – Nepal, Bhutan and India.
		Tibet’s government-in-exile presents surplus budget - “‘About 23 percent of the approved budget is appropriated for the promotion of the Tibetan issue, 28 percent for welfare services, 16 percent for education, 10 percent for health, 6 percent for religion and culture and 7 percent for others,’ said the spokesman.
		His “genocide olympics” campaign, while obviously a valuable one, is a bit of a worry to Tibet activists who are trying to say the same thing, but for their cause.
	chinaspy.org /2007/03/31/major-us-trade-pressure-escalation-time-ticking-for-tibet-dead-souls (985 words)

	ICJ Report on Tibet 1960
		From 1913-1950 foreign relations of Tibet were conducted exclusively by the Government of Tibet and countries with whom Tibet had foreign relations are shown by official documents to have treated Tibet in practice as an independent State.
		The COMMITTEE found that these and other undertakings had been violated by the Chinese People's Republic, and that the Government of Tibet was entitled to repudiate the Agreement as it did on March 11,1959.
		On the status of Tibet the previous inquire was limited to considering whether the question of Tibet was a matter essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of the Chinese People's Republic.
	www.tibet.com /Resolution/icj60.html (1163 words)

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